📜 Post with us on Reddit
📝 Create a new article
🏭 Create a company page
🇬🇧 - in English
🇫🇷 - en Français (FR)
🇵🇹 - em Português (PT)
🇩🇪 - in Deutsch (DE)
🇯🇵 - 日本語で (JA)
Sponsored articles

You can edit almost every page by Creating an account. Otherwise, see the FAQ.

Sony Music

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

This article is about Sony's music branch based in the United States. For Sony's music branch in Japan, see Sony Music Entertainment Japan. For the Japanese Sony Music label, see Epic Records Japan.

Sony Music Entertainment (commonly referred to as Sony Music) is an American global music company. Owned by the Japanese conglomerate Sony Group Corporation, it is part of the Sony Music Group,[1] which is owned by Sony Corporation of America.

It was originally founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed as Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, following its acquisition by the Columbia Broadcasting System. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records, and Sony Corporation bought the company in 1988, renaming it under its current name in 1991. In 2004, Sony and Bertelsmann established a 50-50 joint venture known as Sony BMG, which transferred the businesses of Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group into one entity. However, in 2008, Sony acquired Bertelsmann's stake, and the company reverted to the Sony Music name shortly after; the buyout allowed Sony to acquire all of BMG's labels, which led to the relaunch of BMG, as BMG Rights Management. All of BMG's former labels (Arista, Jive, LaFace, J, etc.) would eventually be absorbed into RCA Records (also formely owned by BMG) in 2011. Arista Records would later go on to be revived in 2018.

As of 2020, Sony Music Entertainment is the second largest of the "Big Three" record companies, behind Universal Music Group and followed by Warner Music Group. Its music publishing division Sony/ATV (now known as Sony Music Publishing) is the largest music publisher in the world.[2][3] From 2009-2020, Sony owned 50% of Syco Entertainment, which operates some of the world's most successful reality TV formats, including Got Talent and The X Factor with Simon Cowell. Cowell acquired Sony's stake in 2020.[4]

On July 17, 2019, Sony announced that Sony Music Entertainment and Sony/ATV would merge to become Sony Music Group.[5][6] The merger was completed on August 1, 2019.[7][1][8]

History[edit]

1929–1938: American Record Corporation[edit]

Main article: American Record Corporation

The American Record Corporation (ARC) was founded in 1929 through a merger of several record companies.[9] The company grew for the next several years, acquiring other brands such as the Columbia Phonograph Company, including its Okeh Records subsidiary, in 1934.[10]

1938–1970: Columbia/CBS Records[edit]

In 1938, ARC was acquired by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) under the guidance of the chief executive William S. Paley. The company was later renamed Columbia Recording Corporation,[11] and changed again to Columbia Records Inc. in 1947.[12] Edward Wallerstein, who served as the head of Columbia Records since the late 1930s, helped establish the company as a leader in the record industry by spearheading the successful introduction of the LP record.[13] Columbia's success continued through the 1950s with the launch of Epic Records in 1953[14] and Date Records in 1958.[15] By 1962, the Columbia Records productions unit was operating four plants around the United States located in Los Angeles, California; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey.[16]

Columbia's international arm was launched in 1962 under the name "CBS Records," as the company only owned the rights to the Columbia name in North America.[17] In 1964, the company began acquiring record companies in other countries for its CBS Records International unit[18] and established its own UK distribution outfit with the acquisition of Oriole Records.[19]

By 1966, Columbia was renamed as CBS Records and was a separate unit of the parent company, CBS-Columbia Group.[20][21] In March 1968, CBS and Sony formed CBS/Sony Records, a Japanese business joint venture.[22]

1971–1991: CBS Records Group[edit]

In 1971, CBS Records was expanded into its own "CBS Records Group", with Clive Davis as its administrative vice president and general manager.[23] In the 1980s to the early 1990s, the company managed several successful labels, including CBS Associated Records,[24] which signed artists including Ozzy Osbourne, the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer.[25] In 1983, CBS expanded its music publishing business by acquiring the music publishing arm of MGM/UA Communications Co..[26] (CBS later sold the print music arm to Columbia Pictures.[27]) By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company.[28] With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a compact disc production plant was constructed in Japan under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc releases for the American market in 1983.[29]

In 1986, CBS sold its music publishing division, CBS Songs, to SBK Entertainment[30] On November 17, 1987, Sony acquired CBS Records for US$2 billion. CBS Inc., now ViacomCBS, retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name.[31] The sale was completed on January 5, 1988.[32] CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which was distributed by Sony through its RED subsidiary.[33]

In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville-based Tree International Publishing.[30]

1991–2004: Birth of Sony Music Entertainment[edit]

Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark.[34] The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated.[35] Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced the Columbia label worldwide, which it previously held in the United States and Canada only, after it acquired the international rights to the trademark from EMI in 1990.[34] Japan is the only country where Sony does not have rights to the Columbia name as it is controlled by Nippon Columbia, an unrelated company.[36] Thus, Sony Music Entertainment Japan issues labels under Sony Records. The Columbia Records trademark's rightsholder in Spain was Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, which Sony Music subsequently subsumed via a 2004 merger, and a subsequent 2008 buyout.[37]

In 1995, Sony and Michael Jackson formed a joint venture which merged Sony's music publishing operations with Jackson's ATV Music to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing.[38]

2004–2008: Sony BMG: Joint venture with Bertelsmann[edit]

In August 2004, Sony entered a joint venture with an equal partner Bertelsmann, by merging Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, to establish Sony BMG Music Entertainment.[39] However Sony continued to operate its Japanese music business independently from Sony BMG while BMG Japan was made part of the merger.[40]

The merger made Columbia and Epic sister labels to RCA Records, which was once owned by CBS rival, NBC.[41] It also started the process of bringing BMG's Arista Records back under common ownership with its former parent Columbia Pictures, a Sony division since 1989, and also brought Arista founder Clive Davis back into the fold.[42] As of 2017, Davis was still with Sony Music as chief creative officer.[43]

2008–present: Sony Music Entertainment and restructuring[edit]

On August 5, 2008, Sony Corporation of America (SCA) and Bertelsmann announced that Sony had agreed to acquire Bertelsmann's 50% stake in Sony BMG. The company completed the acquisition on October 1, 2008.[44] On July 1, 2009, SME and IODA announced a strategic partnership to leverage worldwide online retail distribution networks and complementary technologies to support independent labels and music rights holders.[45][46] In March 2010, Sony Corp partnered with The Michael Jackson Company in a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history.[47]

Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, and later Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of Sony Music Entertainment on July 1, 2011.[48] Sony Music underwent restructuring upon Morris' arrival; with some artists switching labels while other labels were eliminated altogether.[49][50][51][52]

In June 2012, a consortium led by Sony/ATV acquired EMI Music Publishing, making Sony/ATV the world's largest music publisher at the time.[53]

Rob Stringer became CEO of Sony Music Entertainment on April 1, 2017. He previously served as Chairman and CEO of Columbia Records. [54]

Sony has experienced a number of changes with its international labels. In March 2012, Sony Music reportedly closed its Philippines office due to piracy, causing it to move distribution of SME in the Philippines to Ivory Music,[55] until 2018 when SME resumed its Philippines operation.[56] In July 2013, Sony Music withdrew from the Greek market due to an economic crisis.[57] Albums released by Sony Music in Greece from domestic and foreign artists would then be carried by Feelgood Records.[58]

In June 2017, Sony announced that by March 2018 it would be producing vinyl records in-house for the first time since ceasing their production in 1989. Reporting the decision, the BBC noted that, "Sony's move comes a few months after it equipped its Tokyo studio with a cutting lathe, used to produce the master discs needed for manufacturing vinyl records" but added that "Sony is even struggling to find older engineers who know how to make records".[59]

On February 5, 2019, a group of 1970s-era musicians including David Johansen and John Waite filed lawsuits accusing Sony Music Entertainment and UMG Recordings, Inc. of improperly refusing to let them reclaim the rights to songs they had signed away earlier in their careers.[60] The lawsuit cites U.S. copyright law, which gives artists who formerly bargained away their rights on unfavorable terms a chance to reclaim those rights by filing termination notices after 35 years.[61] The plaintiffs claim that Sony and UMG have “routinely and systematically” ignored hundreds of notices, having taken the position that recordings are “works made for hire” and are therefore not subject to being reclaimed.[60]

In 2021, Sony agreed to buy Kobalt neighbouring rights division and independent distribution company AWAL, from the Kobalt Music Group for $430 million.[62]

Sony Music UK[edit]

Sony Music UK is owned and operated by Sony Music Entertainment in the United Kingdom. Since 2014, Jason Iley has been Chairman and CEO of Sony Music UK. Though owned by Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Music UK has standalone operations in the UK to promote musicians within the UK.[63]

In June 2017, it was announced that Sony would be merging its two independent distribution companies The Orchard and Red Essential.[64]

2014 saw Sony's best singles success for 33 years, with 11 number 1 singles. Sony Music artists won a total of five individual awards at the BRITs 2015, including Best Female Solo Artist for Paloma Faith, and Mark Ronson's "Uptown Funk", which picked up Best British Single. Several other of the label's artists - Foo Fighters, One Direction and Pharrell Williams - also collected awards.[65][66]

Sony's performance at the BRITs 2015 was the label's best in nearly 20 years, winning a total of 5 awards. In 2017, Sony Music UK celebrated the most successful BRIT Awards in the company's history, winning seven of the 11 awards.

In the last three years, Sony Music UK has made key acquisitions including forming Insanity Records with Insanity Management. Craig David became the first artist to sign an album deal with Insanity Records. Sony Music UK signed Robbie Williams, who released his 11th album The Heavy Entertainment Show in 2016. Jason Iley commented that the agreement was "a once in a lifetime signing with the biggest male solo artist of our generation."[67][68]

Sony Music UK also incorporated the independent sales and distribution company Essential Music and Marketing - renamed to Red Essential. In August 2016, Sony Music acquired Ministry of Sound Recordings, home to London Grammar, DJ Fresh and Sigala.[69][70]

On April 5, 2017, two of Sony Music UK's labels won awards at the annual Music Week Awards. Columbia Records received the 'A&R of the Year' Award, while Syco were awarded the 'Record Company of the Year' Award.[71]

Controversies[edit]

CD price fixing[edit]

Main article: CD price fixing

Between 1995 and 2000, music companies were found to have used illegal marketing agreements such as minimum advertised pricing to artificially inflate prices of compact discs. This was done in order to end price wars of the early 1990s among discounters such as Best Buy and Target.[72] A settlement was reached in 2002 that included music publishers and distributors Sony Music, Warner Music, Bertelsmann Music Group, EMI Music and Universal Music. In restitution for price fixing, they agreed to pay a $67.4 million fine and distribute $75.7 million in CDs to public and non-profit groups but admitted no wrongdoing.[73] It is estimated that customers were overcharged by nearly $500 million overall and up to $5 per album.[72]

George Michael and Sony Music[edit]

Main article: Panayiotou v. Sony Music Entertainment (UK) Ltd.

The British artist, signed to Columbia in the U.S. and Epic worldwide, advised Sony executives in 1990 that he would not be appearing in music videos to support his forthcoming album, Listen Without Prejudice, Vol. 1. Michael then accused Sony of not promoting the album at all. He sued in the UK in 1992, asking to be released from his contract. Sony ultimately prevailed in the courts in 1994, but Michael's contract was bought out by other labels. Some 11 years later, Michael licensed tracks to Sony for release.

Michael Jackson and Tommy Mottola[edit]

The release of Invincible was preceded by a dispute between Michael Jackson and Sony Music Entertainment. Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him sometime in the early 2000s, after which he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and keep the profits; however, clauses in the contract set the revert date years into the future. Jackson discovered that the attorney who had represented him in the deal had also been representing Sony.[74] He was also concerned that for years Sony had been pressuring him to sell his share in its music catalog venture; he feared that Sony might have had a conflict of interest, since if Jackson's career failed, he would have had to sell his share of the catalog at a low price.[75] Jackson sought an early exit from his contract.[74]

In July 2002, Jackson alleged that the then-Sony Music chairman Tommy Mottola was a "devil" and "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own gain.[75] He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigger".[76] Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract, and claimed that a $25 million promotional campaign had failed because Jackson refused to tour in the United States.[77]

Prosecution of copyright infringement[edit]

In May 2012, Sony Music filed charges against the website IsoHunt.[78] The plaintiff's claims in the court document filed at the Supreme Court of British Columbia read: "The IsoHunt Websites have been designed and are operated by the defendants with the sole purpose of profiting from rampant copyright infringement which defendants actively encourage, promote, authorize, induce, aid, abet, materially contribute to and commercially profit from."[79] In February 2016, in a lawsuit filed at a California federal court, Sony Music Entertainment and its associated brands (Arista Records and LaFace Records, formerly owned by Bertelsmann Music Group) accused Belgian radio aggregator Radionomy (owned by Universal Music Group's parent Vivendi) of copyright infringement.[80]

2016 boycott[edit]

In February 2016, 100,000 people signed an online petition in less than 24 hours, calling for a boycott of Sony Music and all other Sony-affiliated businesses after rape allegations against music producer Dr. Luke were made by musical artist Kesha. Kesha asked a New York City Supreme Court to free her from her contract with Sony Music, but the court denied the request, prompting a widespread public and media response.[81]

List of Sony Music Entertainment labels[edit]

Main article: List of Sony Music labels

Flagship record labels[edit]

Genre-limited record labels[edit]

Country music
Christian/gospel music
Dance/electronic music
Latin American/Latin pop music
Classical/jazz music
Metal music
Progressive music

Others[edit]

Sony Music UK[85][86]
Independent music distribution
Catalog
Distributed labels
International

Previously affiliated labels[edit]

See also[edit]


Other articles of the topic Music : Ska, List of prominent operas, BigWalkDog, Trippie Redd, Amazon Music, Canadian hip hop, Nasheed

Other articles of the topic Companies : Career Education Corporation, Spümcø, Inc., Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., Warner Music Group Corp., Starbucks Corporation, Univision Communications Inc.
Some use of "" in your query was not closed by a matching "".Some use of "" in your query was not closed by a matching "".

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wang, Amy X. (17 July 2019). "Sony's Music Recording and Music Publishing Companies Are Now One". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2019. As part of Sony’s business goals to increase collaborations across its entertainment units, be closer to creators and unlock more strategic opportunities, I’d like to inform you that effective August 1, we are bringing together Sony’s recorded music and music publishing businesses outside of Japan to create a new Sony Music Group. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ Yamazaki, Makiko (May 21, 2018). "Sony in US$2.3 billion deal, becomes the world's biggest music publisher". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Halperin, Shirley; Aswad, Jem (May 21, 2018). "Sony to Buy Additional 60% Stake in EMI Music Publishing for $2.3 Billion". Variety. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Daniels, Karu F. (July 16, 2020). "Simon Cowell acquires Sony Music's stake and retains full control of 'Got Talent' and 'X-Factor'". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Wang, Amy X. (July 17, 2019). "Sony's Music Recording and Music Publishing Companies Are Now One". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 16, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Christman, Ed (July 17, 2019). "Sony Corp. Restructures Music Division, Brings Recorded Music, Sony/ATV Publishing Together Under Rob Stringer". Billboard. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ Stassen, Murray (July 17, 2019). "Rob Stringer to run new Sony Music Group, housing publishing and records, from August 1". Music Business Worldwide. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2019. Effective August 1, Sony Corporation is bringing together its recorded music and music publishing businesses outside of Japan to form Sony Music Group. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Aswad, Jem (July 17, 2019). "Sony Unites Recorded Music and Publishing Under One Company". Variety. Archived from the original on April 18, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2019. The move will take effect on Aug. 1. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Wald, Elijah (2002). Josh White: Society Blues. Routledge Chapman & Hall. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-415-94204-1. Archived from the original on August 30, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
  10. ↑ Tschmuck, Peter (March 14, 2012). Creativity and Innovation in the Music Industry. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 70. ISBN 978-3-6422-8429-8. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved June 21, 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
  11. ↑ White, Raymond E. (July 1, 2006). King of the Cowboys, Queen of the West: Roy Rogers And Dale Evans. Popular Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-299-21004-5. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
  12. ↑ "Columbia Records paperwork collection". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ "Wallerstein Up To Top As Col Boosts White". Billboard. January 3, 1948. p. 17. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ "Columbia's Epic to Bow with Classic, Pop Line". Billboard: 14. September 19, 1953. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ "Date (N.Y.)". Rockin' Country Style. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ "Who Else Has Four Big Plants? (advertisement)". Billboard. June 30, 1962. p. 15. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ "For Information About The Sound Heard 'Round The World, See the CBS International Section (Advertisement)". Billboard. March 16, 1963. p. 40. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  18. ↑ Zhito, Lee (May 16, 1964). "CBS Banner Pays Off For Columbia Label". Billboard. p. 1. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ de Vekey, Andre (October 3, 1964). "It's Official CBS-Oriole Deal". Billboard. p. 3. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ "Leiberson to Helm Group; Other Changes Made in the CBS Guard". Billboard. June 18, 1966. p. 10. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved November 28, 2015. CBS Records, under [Clive] Davis who had been administrative vice-president of Columbia Records, will continue to produce and market the Columbia, Epic, Harmony, Date, and Okeh record lines and the Columbia Legacy Collection. ... Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ "Lieberson Heads New C.B.S. Group. Put in Charge of Activities Outside Broadcasting". The New York Times. June 10, 1966. Archived from the original on July 23, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2012. Goddard Lieberson, one of the more prominent figures in the phonograph recording industry, has been named the president of the C.B.S./Columbia Group, a new unit of the Columbia Broadcasting System for expanded activities in education and music. The unit is part of the company's long-range plans to achieve greater diversification outside the field of broadcasting. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ "CBS/Sony Records is Established in First Round of Capital Deregulation". Sony History. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ "CBS Restructures; Davis Role Widened". Billboard. July 24, 1971. p. 3. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on August 20, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  24. ↑ Zuckerman, Faye (July 21, 1984). "Music Monitor". Billboard. p. 31. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  25. ↑ "Pop Albums". Billboard. December 27, 1986. pp. 7–8. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  26. ↑ Lichtman, Irv (January 8, 1983). "CBS Songs Grows With MGM/UA Deal". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2019 – via Google Books. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  27. ↑ Lichtman, Irv (February 12, 1983). "Columbia Pictures To Acquire Big 3". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2019 – via Google Books. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  28. ↑ Lannert, John (January 16, 1999). "Will Sales Surpass 16 Million in '99?". Billboard. p. 40. Retrieved January 2, 2021. ...as combined sales of BMG's Ariola and RCA imprints...
  29. ↑ "CBS/Sony Inc". The New York Times. December 8, 1982. p. D4. Archived from the original on May 11, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Pareles, Jon (January 4, 1989). "CBS Records to Buy Tree, Ending an Era in Nashville". The New York Times. p. D1. Archived from the original on September 1, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2021. CBS Songs, the record company's publishing arm, was sold in 1986 for $125 million to Stephen Swid, Martin Bandier and Charles Koppelman, who renamed it SBK Entertainment. It is now the second-largest music publishing company. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  31. ↑ "Sony History Chapter22 CBS/Sony Records is Established in First Round of Capital Deregulation". Sony Global. Archived from the original on May 7, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  32. ↑ "Sony completes $2 billion purchase of CBS Records". United Press International. January 5, 1988. Archived from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  33. ↑ "Labels". RED Music. Archived from the original on June 19, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "CBS Records Changes Name". Reuters. October 16, 1990. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved July 31, 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  35. ↑ "Epic Records:The vanishing label to-be?". Steve Hoffman Music Forums. May 9, 2008. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  36. ↑ "Vol.15 : CBS/Sony Records Inc. Established in 1968". Sony Time Capsule. Archived from the original on June 24, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  37. ↑ Llewellyn, Howell (May 27, 2000). "The Spanish Star Shines". Billboard. p. 76. Retrieved January 2, 2021. When Sony bought CBS, Spain had to keep the name Sony CBS instead of Sony Columbia, until Sony bought the rights to the name Columbia from BMG Spain.
  38. ↑ "Michael Jackson And Sony Enter Joint Publishing Venture Valued At $600 Million". Jet. 89 (3): 36-37. November 27, 1995. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved July 1, 2013.
  39. ↑ Kaplan, David. "Sony Buys Bertelsmann's 50% Stake In Sony BMG For $1.2B". Forbes. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
  40. ↑ "Acquisition of Shares in BMG Japan Inc. by Sony Music Entertainment Japan Inc. for Sony" (PDF) (Press release). Sony Music Entertainment Japan. October 2, 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 3, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  41. ↑ "Sale Talk For RCA Records". The New York Times. September 6, 1986. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved February 12, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  42. ↑ "Clive Davis". Biography. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  43. ↑ Fekadu, Mesfin (March 1, 2013). "At 80, no break planned for music exec Clive Davis". Yahoo! Entertainment. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  44. ↑ Nakashima, Ryan (October 14, 2008). "Sony BMG split-up gives Sony more options". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 18, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  45. ↑ "Sony Music Entertainment and IODA announce strategic partnership" (Press release). Sony Music Entertainment. July 1, 2009. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  46. ↑ Adegoke, Yinka (July 1, 2009). "Sony Music, IODA Create Digital Network". Reuters. Archived from the original on July 7, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  47. ↑ Kreps, Daniel (March 16, 2010). "Michael Jackson Estate, Sony Strike Massive $250 Million Deal to Release King of Pop's Music". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on September 24, 2017. Retrieved September 14, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  48. ↑ Smith, Ethan (March 3, 2011). "Sony Music Recruits CEO". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved March 2, 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  49. ↑ "L.A. Reid to Run Restructured Epic Records". Billboard. June 15, 2011. Archived from the original on August 9, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  50. ↑ "L.A. Reid Officially Named Chairman & CEO of Epic Records". The Hollywood Reporter. July 18, 2011. Archived from the original on October 12, 2017. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  51. ↑ Halpern, Shirley (October 7, 2011). "RCA Records' Peter Edge and Tom Corson on Why the Label Downsized and its Place in Sony's Big Picture (Q&A)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  52. ↑ Christman, Ed (August 24, 2011). "RCA's New Executive Team Named; Layoffs Expected". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on June 6, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  53. ↑ Lieberman, David (June 29, 2012). "EMI Acquisition Makes Sony/ATV Top Music Publisher". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  54. ↑ "Columbia's Rob Stringer Named CEO of Sony Music". The Hollywood Reporter. 2016-10-18. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-26. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  55. ↑ "Sony Music succumbs to piracy, closes Philippine office". InterAksyon. Archived from the original on June 14, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2012. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  56. ↑ Liwanag, Punch (September 15, 2018). "Audio Junkie: Sony Music opens shop anew in PH". Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved January 13, 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  57. ↑ "Κλείνει η ιστορική δισκογραφική Sony Music Greece" [The historical record label Sony Music Greece closes]. iNews (in Ελληνικά). June 27, 2013. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  58. ↑ "Feelgood Records (2)". Discogs. Archived from the original on July 24, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  59. ↑ "Sony Music goes back to vinyl records". BBC News Online. June 29, 2017. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Stempel, Jonathan (February 5, 2019). "1970s-era musicians sue Sony, UMG to reclaim song rights". CNBC. Archived from the original on February 7, 2019. Retrieved February 6, 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  61. ↑ "1970s-era musicians sue Sony, UMG to reclaim song rights". Reuters. February 6, 2019. Archived from the original on February 6, 2019. Retrieved February 6, 2019. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  62. ↑ "Not for Sale: After Unloading AWAL, Kobalt Says It's Off the Block". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 9, 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-05. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  63. ↑ Trakin, Roy (April 4, 2014). "Jason Iley Tapped as Head Of Sony Music U.K." The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on July 6, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  64. ↑ "Sony merges The Orchard and Red Essential in UK market". Music Business Worldwide. June 1, 2017. Archived from the original on June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  65. ↑ "Brit Awards 2014: the winners in full". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  66. ↑ "BRIT Awards 2015 Winners List - Full List Of This Year's Awards". Capital. Archived from the original on April 2, 2017. Retrieved March 20, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  67. ↑ "Insanity Records". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on March 12, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  68. ↑ "Robbie Williams signs to Sony Music". Music Week. May 8, 2016. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  69. ↑ "Universal and Sony neck-and-neck in US video streaming market share - as Tunecore leads the Indies". Music Business Worldwide. January 10, 2017. Archived from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  70. ↑ "Why has Universal lost market share this year?". Music Business Worldwide. November 21, 2016. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  71. ↑ "2017 Music Week Awards: And the winners are..." Music Week. Archived from the original on April 11, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Labaton, Stephen (May 11, 2000). "5 Music Companies Settle Federal Case On CD Price-Fixing". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  73. ↑ Lieberman, David (September 30, 2002). "5 Music Companies Settle Federal Case On CD Price-Fixing". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016. Retrieved April 26, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 Taraborrelli, J. Randy (July 15, 2009). Michael Jackson: The Magic, The Madness, The Whole Story 1958-2009. Grand Central. pp. 610–611. ISBN 978-0-4465-6568-4. Search this book on
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Taraborrelli, 2009, pp. 614–7.
  76. ↑ Jermaine Jackson; Connie Chung (December 31, 2002). "Interview with Jermaine Jackson". Connie Chung Tonight. CNN. Archived from the original on November 5, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2008. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  77. ↑ Burkeman, Oliver (July 7, 2002). "Jackon gets tough: but is he a race crusader or just a falling star?". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on July 2, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  78. ↑ Van der Sar, Ernesto (February 29, 2012). "Record Labels Threaten the Open Internet, isoHunt Tells Court". TorrentFreak. Archived from the original on February 15, 2013. Retrieved February 28, 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  79. ↑ "Isohunt-scbc". Scribd.com. February 29, 2012. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013. Retrieved February 28, 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  80. ↑ "Sony Music sues Universal sister company Radionomy". Music Business Worldwide. March 2, 2016. Archived from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  81. ↑ "Over 100,000 Kesha supporters call for Sony Music boycott after judge rules she must honor contract despite Dr. Luke rape allegations". New York Daily News. February 20, 2016. Archived from the original on February 21, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  82. ↑ "Epic Amsterdam". Archived from the original on November 3, 2017. Retrieved October 31, 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  83. ↑ Smirke, Richard (August 10, 2016). "Sony Music UK Acquires Ministry of Sound". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 22, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  84. ↑ Schultz, Rob (January 31, 2018). "Sony Music & Tencent Launch Dance Music Label Liquid State". Billboard. Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved March 19, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  85. ↑ "Sony Music UK | Official Website". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  86. ↑ "Sony Music UK | Labels & Partners". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  87. ↑ "Sony Music UK | 5K Records". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  88. ↑ "Sony Music UK | Black Butter". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on March 29, 2021. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  89. ↑ "Sony Music UK | Dream Life Records". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on January 18, 2021. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  90. ↑ "Sony Music UK | Insanity Records". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on December 5, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  91. ↑ "Sony Music UK | Magic Star". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  92. ↑ "Sony Music UK | Robots + Humans". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on January 25, 2021. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  93. ↑ "Sony Music UK | Since '93". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on February 4, 2021. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  94. ↑ "Sony Music UK | Sony Music Nashville". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  95. ↑ "Sony Music UK | WEAREBLK". Sony Music UK. Archived from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  96. ↑ Sisario, Ben (April 8, 2013). "Jay-Z's Entertainment Company Makes Music Deal With Universal" – via NYTimes.com.

External links[edit]


Retrieved from "https://en.everybodywiki.com/index.php?title=Sony_Music&oldid=1845581"
License CC BY-SA 3.0
Powered by MediaWiki
Powered by Semantic MediaWiki