Sovereign erotic
A sovereign erotic is a concept relating to the use of tribally-specific knowledge to heal colonial sexual violence and historical trauma. The term was drawn from Audre Lorde's assertion that "Our erotic knowledge empowers us, becomes a lens through which we scrutinize all aspects of our existence, forcing us to evaluate those aspects honestly in terms of their relative meaning in our lives."[1] It has been used to analyze two-spirit literature by Chrystos, Craig Womack (Creek-Cherokee), and others.[2]
Colonization of Indigenous sexualities
Wilma Mankiller has written of the introduction of sexism to the Cherokee People that "Europeans brought with them the view that men were the absolute head of households, and women were to be submissive to them."[3] Author Andrea Smith writes that sexual violence and forced sterilization of Native American Women have not been tragic, accidental introductions to Indigenous communities, but tools used as key elements of colonialism.[4][5]
Sexual and gender identities in the Americas have also been subject to colonial logics. Gloria Anzaldúa writes:
"Lesbian" comes from a Euro-Anglo American mold and "homosexual" from a deviant, diseased mold shaped by certain psychological theories. We non-Euro-Anglo Americans are supposed to live by and up to those theories. A mestiza colored queer person is bodily shoved by both the heterosexual world and by white gays into the "lesbian" or "homosexual" mold whether s/he fits or not. La persona está situada dentro de la idea en vez del reves. (The person is set inside the idea, instead of the other way around).[6]
In academia
Writing in The American Indian Quarterly, Lisa Tatonetti has described the sovereign erotic as a "landmark theory,"[7] and has applied it to the work of Carole LaFavor,[8] and Jorge Manzano.[9] The concept is also utilized in Mark Rifkin's monograph – The Erotics of Sovereignty: Queer Native Writing in the Era of Self-Determination.[10] June Scudeler (Métis) has used the concept to analyze the work of Kent Monkman (Swampy Cree)[11] and Gregory Scofield.[12]
See also
- Gender roles among the indigenous peoples of North America
- Native American feminism
- Sexual victimization of native American women
- Missing and murdered Indigenous women
References
- ↑ Lorde, Audre (2007). Sister outsider : essays and speeches (Reprint ed.). Berkeley, Calif.: Crossing Press. p. 57. ISBN 9781580911863. Search this book on
- ↑ Driskill, Qwo-Li (2004). "Stolen From Our Bodies: First Nations Two-Spirits/Queers and the Journey to a Sovereign Erotic". Studies in American Indian Literatures. 16 (2): 50–64. doi:10.1353/ail.2004.0020.
- ↑ Mankiller, Wilma; Wallis, Michael (2000). Mankiller : a chief and her people (St. Martin's Griffin ed.). New York, NY: St. Martin's Griffin. p. 20. ISBN 0312206623. Search this book on
- ↑ Smith, Andrea (2005). Conquest: sexual violence and American Indian genocide. Cambridge, MA: South End Press. ISBN 0896087441. Search this book on
- ↑ "Investigation of Allegations Concerning Indian Health Service" (PDF). Government Accountability Office. November 4, 1976. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
- ↑ Anzaldúa, Gloria (1991). "To(o) queer the writer: loca, escritora y chicana". In Warland, Betsy. InVersions : writing by dykes, queers & lesbians. Vancouver: Press Gang Publishers. p. 252. ISBN 0889740364. Search this book on
- ↑ Tatonetti, Lisa (2014). "The Erotics of Sovereignty: Queer Native Writing in the Era of Self-Determination by Mark Rifkin". The American Indian Quarterly. 38 (1): 120. doi:10.1353/aiq.2014.0010.
- ↑ Tatonetti, Lisa (2 June 2016). "Detecting Two-Spirit erotics: The fiction of Carole laFavor". Journal of Lesbian Studies. 20 (3–4): 372–387. doi:10.1080/10894160.2016.1144426.
- ↑ Tatonetti, Lisa (2010). "Visible sexualities or invisible nations: Forced to Choose in Big Eden, Johnny Greyeyes, and The Business of Fancydancing". GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies. 16 (1–2): 157–181. doi:10.1215/10642684-2009-017.
- ↑ Tatonetti, Lisa (2014). "The Erotics of Sovereignty: Queer Native Writing in the Era of Self-Determination by Mark Rifkin". The American Indian Quarterly. 38 (1): 119. doi:10.1353/aiq.2014.0010.
- ↑ Scudeler, June (2015). "'Indians on Top': Kent Monkman's Sovereign Erotics". American Indian Culture and Research Journal. 39 (4): 19–32. doi:10.17953/aicrj.39.4.scudeler.
- ↑ Scudeler, June (1 January 2006). ""The Song I am Singing": Gregory Scofield's Interweavings of Métis, Gay and Jewish Selfhoods". Studies in Canadian Literature / Études en littérature canadienne. 31 (1). ISSN 1718-7850. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
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