Statistics of incarcerated African-American males
Researchers have been analyzing statistics on the incarceration in the United States of African-American males as to age, location, causes, and the impact on children. Approximately 12–13% of the American population is African-American, but they make up 35% of jail inmates, and 37% of prison inmates of the 2.2 million male inmates as of 2014 (U.S. Department of Justice, 2014).[2][3] Census data from 2000 regarding the number and race of all individuals incarcerated in the United States revealed a wide racial disproportion of the incarcerated population in each state: the proportion of blacks in prison populations exceeded the proportion among state residents in twenty states.
According to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), African Americans constitute nearly 2.3 million of the total 6.8 million incarcerated population, and have nearly six times the incarceration rate of whites.[4] A 2013 study confirmed that black men were much more likely to be arrested and incarcerated than white men.[5]
Statistics[edit]
The statistics show that one in nine African-American males between the ages of 20 to 34 are in prison.[6][7] The rate of imprisonment in some portions of the United States is particularly high, with Oklahoma holding the highest overall black incarceration rate and the Sentencing Project noting that "In eleven states, at least 1 in 20 adult black males is in prison."[6] In 2014 the U.S. Department of Justice found that the majority of male prisoners aged 30 to 39 were black (6%), a marked increase in comparison to Hispanics (2%) and Caucasians (1%) in the same age range.[8] Maryland has a prison population that’s 72 percent black.[9]
Incarceration by race and ethnicity[edit]
| 2010. Inmates in adult facilities, by race and ethnicity. Jails, and state and federal prisons.[10] | |||
| Race, ethnicity | % of US population | % of U.S. incarcerated population |
National incarceration rate (per 100,000 of all ages) |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 64 | 39 | 450 per 100,000 |
| Hispanic | 16 | 19 | 831 per 100,000 |
| Black | 13 | 40 | 2,306 per 100,000 |
Leading causes of incarceration for African American males[edit]
In 2015, of African American males currently serving sentences in a federal correctional facility, 10.4% were sentenced for a violent crime, 48.5% for a drug offense, and 6.4% for a property crime. Among African American males serving sentences longer than a year in state institutions, 47% were sentenced for a violent crime, 15% for a non-violent and 16% for a property crime.[11][12]. One of the main reasons for a disproportionate amount of African American males in prison has to do with the war on drugs which was a result of a tough on crime approach created by policymakers in the 1980s. The growth in the U.S. prison population is attributable to “tough on crime” policies and legislation, mainly the passage of strict drug laws at the federal and state levels.[13] As a result, thousands of African Americans have been imprisoned and served longer sentences.[14] Low income urban neighborhoods that are predominately black or latino are heavily policed and they are searched by the police.[15] "The drivers of racial disparities include biased decision making in the criminal justice system, poverty, education outcomes, unemployment history, and criminal history."[16] In addition, racial biases may affect judges' decisions in the criminal justice system when judging African Americans.[17]
See also[edit]
Other articles of the topic United States : MTV, Hazbin Hotel, The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron, Boy Genius, Public figure, New York's congressional districts, Zoot (Software)
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- African-American family structure § Black male incarceration and mortality
- African-American organized crime
- African-Americans and recidivism
- Felony disenfranchisement § United States
- Incarceration in the United States
- Innocence Project
- Sentencing Project
- Race and crime in the United States
- Race and the War on Drugs § African American communities
- Racial profiling in the United States
References[edit]
- ↑ Prison Inmates at Midyear 2009 - Statistical Tables (NCJ 230113). U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. The rates are for adult males, and are from Tables 18 and 19 of the PDF file. Rates per 100,000 were converted to percentages.
- ↑ "Jail Inmates at Midyear 2014" (PDF).
- ↑ "Prisoners in 2014" (PDF).
- ↑ "Criminal Justice Fact Sheet". National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, NAACP. Retrieved 2014-04-08.
- ↑ Beaver, Kevin M.; DeLisi, Matt; Wright, John Paul; Boutwell, Brian B.; Barnes, J.C.; Vaughn, Michael G. (July 2013). "No evidence of racial discrimination in criminal justice processing: Results from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health". Personality and Individual Differences. 55 (1): 29–34. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.01.020.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "The Color of Justice: Racial and Ethnic Disparity in State Prisons | The Sentencing Project". The Sentencing Project. Retrieved 2017-05-15.
- ↑ Liptak, Adam (2008-02-29). "More than 1 in 100 U.S. adults are in prison". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
- ↑ Carson, E. Ann (2015). "Prisoners in 2014" (PDF). Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
- ↑ "There is a stunning gap between the number of white and black inmates in America's prisons". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
- ↑ Breaking Down Mass Incarceration in the 2010 Census: State-by-State Incarceration Rates by Race/Ethnicity. Briefing by Leah Sakala. May 28, 2014. Prison Policy Initiative. Figures calculated with US Census 2010 SF-1 table P42 and the PCT20 table series.
- ↑ www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/node/64
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Wexler, Harry K.; Lurigio, Arthur J.; Rodriguez, Pamela F. (19 August 2011). "Reforming the Criminal Justice System in the United States". The Prison Journal. 91 (3_suppl): 1S–11S. doi:10.1177/0032885511415205.
- ↑ Project, Jeremy Haile, The Sentencing. "America's Disappeared Black Men". Retrieved 2017-05-15.
- ↑ Project, Jeremy Haile, The Sentencing. "America's Disappeared Black Men". Retrieved 2017-05-15.
- ↑ "The Color of Justice: Racial and Ethnic Disparity in State Prisons | The Sentencing Project". The Sentencing Project. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
- ↑ "There is a stunning gap between the number of white and black inmates in America's prisons". Business Insider. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
Bibliography[edit]
- Bruce Western (2002): The Impact of Incarceration on Wage Mobility and Inequality. American Sociological Review, Vol. 67, pp. 526–546 (http://scholar.harvard.edu/brucewestern/files/western_asr.pdf)
- Miller, Jerome G. (1993). African American Males in the Criminal Justice System. Search this book on
- Boothe, Demico (2007). Why are So Many Black Men in Prison?. Full Surface Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9792953-0-0. Search this book on
- Othello Harris; R. Robin Miller (2006). Impacts of Incarceration on the African American Family. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-2597-9. Search this book on
- Pettit, Becky (2012). Invisible Men: Mass Incarceration and the Myth of Black Progress. Russell Sage Foundation. ISBN 978-1-61044-778-2. Search this book on
- King, Wilma. African American Childhoods: Historical Perspectives from Slavery to Civil Rights . Wilma King. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Print.
- Gordon, Jacob U. (2004). The Black Male in White America. Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59033-757-8. Search this book on
- Alexander, Michelle (2013). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New Press. ISBN 978-1-59558-819-7. Search this book on
- Roberts, Dorothy E. (2004). "Social and Moral Cost of Mass Incarceration in African American Communities" (PDF). Pennsylvania Law School.
- Miller, Jerome G. Search and Destroy: African-American Males in the Criminal Justice (PDF). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-74381-5. Search this book on
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