Strawberry cultivation in Maryland
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The state's crops include strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa.
Production
In 2017 a total of 210 acres (85 ha) was grown.[1] This crop is grown in all counties and the City of Baltimore.[1]
Disease
Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) is a common problem as it is around the world.[2] Fernández-Ortuño et al., 2014 finds populations here have resistance to fludioxonil and to thiophanate-methyl.[2] Many are multiresistant.[2]
Hu et al., also find widespread resistance to SDHIs here.[3] They find several etiologies, with various sdhB alleles producing the resistance.[3] H272R resistance to boscalid, H272R or H272Y multiresistance to boscalid and to penthiopyrad, H272Y resistance to boscalid, fluxapyroxad, and penthiopyrad, and P225F or N230I resistance to boscalid, to fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, and penthiopyrad.[3] There appears to be no resistance to benzovindiflupyr here.[3] This is because it is a new substance.[3]
Much of the phytoplasma research here in the 1990s was conducted by the Jomantiene group at USDA ARS Beltsville.[4] This includes the first detection of both Clover Yellow Edge and STRAWB2 in this crop here.[4] This is also the first report of STRAWB2 anywhere outside of Florida.[4]
Black Root Rot is common here.[5] This is a disease with an uncertain etiology thought to involve several combined pathogens.[5]
Spraying
University of Maryland Extension recommends fungicides: Lime sulfur, JMS Stylet Oil, Kocide, Captan, Thiram, Sulfur, Rally, Pristine, Elevate, Switch, Phostrol, and Ph-D.[6] For insecticides: Provado Admire or Actara, Brigade, Malathion, and Sevin.[6] (These are recommended for all small fruit, so not just strawberry, but also brambles (blackberry and raspberry), blueberry, and grape.)[6]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "National Agricultural Statistics Service - 2017 Census of Agriculture - Volume 1, Chapter 1: State Level Data". USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2017. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2
- • Ishii, Hideo; Hollomon, Derek W., eds. (2015). Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens: Principles and a Guide to Practical Management. Tokyo: Springer Japan. pp. ix+490. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8. ISBN 978-4-431-55642-8. LCCN 2015949140. OCLC 919611866. ISBN 978-4-431-55641-1 Search this book on
. Unknown parameter |s2cid=ignored (help) Search this book on(pp292–283, 284, 286, 287) - • "Controlling plant and fruit diseases in strawberry fields (BS11000)". Hort Innovation. 2017. Retrieved 2022-06-04. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - • Fernández-Ortuño, Dolores; Grabke, Anja; Bryson, Patricia Karen; Amiri, Achour; Peres, Natália A.; Schnabel, Guido (2014). "Fungicide Resistance Profiles in Botrytis cinerea from Strawberry Fields of Seven Southern U.S. States". Plant Disease. American Phytopathological Society. 98 (6): 825–833. doi:10.1094/pdis-09-13-0970-re. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30708635. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help)
- • Ishii, Hideo; Hollomon, Derek W., eds. (2015). Fungicide Resistance in Plant Pathogens: Principles and a Guide to Practical Management. Tokyo: Springer Japan. pp. ix+490. doi:10.1007/978-4-431-55642-8. ISBN 978-4-431-55642-8. LCCN 2015949140. OCLC 919611866. ISBN 978-4-431-55641-1 Search this book on
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
- • Sang, Hyunkyu; Lee, Hyang Burm (2020). "Molecular Mechanisms of Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Resistance in Phytopathogenic Fungi". Research in Plant Disease. Korean Society of Plant Pathology. 26 (1): 1–7. doi:10.5423/rpd.2020.26.1.1. ISSN 1598-2262. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - • Weber, Roland W. S.; Hahn, Matthias (2019). "Grey mould disease of strawberry in northern Germany: causal agents, fungicide resistance and management strategies". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. Springer Science+Business Media. 103 (4): 1589–1597. doi:10.1007/s00253-018-09590-1. ISSN 0175-7598. PMID 30610288. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - • Hu, Meng-Jun; Fernández-Ortuño, Dolores; Schnabel, Guido (2016). "Monitoring Resistance to SDHI Fungicides in Botrytis cinerea From Strawberry Fields". Plant Disease. American Phytopathological Society. 100 (5): 959–965. doi:10.1094/pdis-10-15-1210-re. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30686152. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help)
- • Sang, Hyunkyu; Lee, Hyang Burm (2020). "Molecular Mechanisms of Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Resistance in Phytopathogenic Fungi". Research in Plant Disease. Korean Society of Plant Pathology. 26 (1): 1–7. doi:10.5423/rpd.2020.26.1.1. ISSN 1598-2262. Unknown parameter
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2
- • Jomantiene, Rasa; Maas, J. L.; Dally, E. L.; Davis, R. E. (November 1999). "First Report of Clover Yellow Edge and STRAWB2 Phytoplasmas in Strawberry in Maryland". Plant Disease. American Phytopathological Society. 83 (11): 1072. doi:10.1094/pdis.1999.83.11.1072c. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30841287. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - • Naqvi, S. A. M. H. (2004). Diseases of Fruits and Vegetables : Diagnosis and Management. II. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. xix+686. ISBN 9781402026072. OCLC 56884192. Search this book on (p465)
- • Conci, V. C.; Luciani, C. E.; Merino, M. C.; Celli, M. G.; Perotto, M. C.; Torrico, A. K.; Pozzi, E.; Strumia, G.; Dughetti, A. C.; Asinari, F.; Conci, L. R.; Fernandez, F. D.; Salazar, S. M.; Meneguzzi, N. G.; Kirschbaum, D. S. (2017). "Advances in characterization and epidemiology of strawberry viruses and phytoplasmas in Argentina". Acta Horticulturae. International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) (1156): 801–810. doi:10.17660/actahortic.2017.1156.118. ISSN 0567-7572. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help)
- • Jomantiene, Rasa; Maas, J. L.; Dally, E. L.; Davis, R. E. (November 1999). "First Report of Clover Yellow Edge and STRAWB2 Phytoplasmas in Strawberry in Maryland". Plant Disease. American Phytopathological Society. 83 (11): 1072. doi:10.1094/pdis.1999.83.11.1072c. ISSN 0191-2917. PMID 30841287. Unknown parameter
- ↑ 5.0 5.1
- • Tiwari, U.; Cummins, E. (2013). "Factors influencing levels of phytochemicals in selected fruit and vegetables during pre- and post-harvest food processing operations". Food Research International. Elsevier. 50 (2): 497–506. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.007. ISSN 0963-9969. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - • Kole, Chittaranjan (2020). Kole, Chittaranjan, ed. Genomic designing of climate-smart fruit crops. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97946-5. ISBN 978-3-319-97946-5. OCLC 1148887625. ISBN 978-3-319-97945-8 Search this book on . Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) Search this book on - • Millner, P. D.; Wallace, Henry (2006). "Control of Strawberry Black Root Rot with Compost Socks". Plant Health Progress. American Phytopathological Society. 7 (1). doi:10.1094/php-2006-1016-02-rs. ISSN 1535-1025. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help)
- • Tiwari, U.; Cummins, E. (2013). "Factors influencing levels of phytochemicals in selected fruit and vegetables during pre- and post-harvest food processing operations". Food Research International. Elsevier. 50 (2): 497–506. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.007. ISSN 0963-9969. Unknown parameter
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Myers, R. David (2022). "Spray Program for Multi-Small Fruit Plantings". University of Maryland Extension. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
Other resources
- The University of Maryland, College Park maintains information for commercial growers: Fiola, Joseph (2022). "Commercial Strawberry Production". University of Maryland Extension. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
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