Tahir ibn Salih Jazairi
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| Tahir ibn Salih Jazairi | |
|---|---|
 Tahar-el-djazairi.jpg | |
| Native name | طاهر بن صالح الجزائري |
| Born | 1852 Syria - Damascus |
| 💀Died | 5 January 1920 Syria - Damascus5 January 1920 |
| 🏳️ Nationality | Algeria |
| 💼 Occupation | Writer |
Sheikh Tahir ibn Salih Jazairi (Arabic:صالح بن طاهر الجزائري) was an Algerian scholar of language and literature, born in Syria. He is considered one of the greatest scholars of language and literature of his time. Tahir ibn Salih Jazairi Ibn Al-Sheikh Saleh bin Ahmed Al-Samouni Al-Waghilisi Al- Jazairi Al-Dimashqi Al-Hassani, his lineage Samoun, refers to an Algerian tribe that lived in the Kabylie region near Bejaia. His lineage Waghilis, refers to a valley that was attributed to "Ath and Gleas" region, or the valley was named after them. As for Damascus, which was his second home, where he was born, lived and died. He was buried at the foot of Mount Qassioun. After the cessation of his revolution Sheikh Saleh migrated with a group of Algerian sheikhs and scholars to the Levant. Sheikh Saleh was one of the Algerian scientists, a jurist who was known for his knowledge of astronomy and the science of Muwaqqit. He had a message in this science. He preferred the natural sciences and mathematics. He was entrusted with the Maliki fatwa in Damascus because most of the Algerian immigrants were of the Maliki school of ideology. Among his family, he was famous for his son Sheikh Tahir and his nephew Salim al- Jazairi, who was a high-ranking officer in the Ottoman army. He died as a martyr of the May 6 martyrs in the hands of Jamal Pasha al-Saffah in 1916. He was one of the founders of Al-Qahtania and Al-Ahed Associations.
Early life, education, and morals[edit]
Sheikh Tahir Al- Jazairi was born in Damascus on the night of Wednesday in 1852, and his origin is from Algeria.[when?] He learned from his father first, then he joined the "Jaqmakiya" school beside the Umayyad Mosque in Kalasa region and graduated from Sheikh Abdul Rahman Al-Bushnaki. He mastered Arabic, Persian, Turkish and the principles of different sciences.
Career[edit]
In 1875, Sheikh Tahir was appointed as a teacher, and he was distinguished among his peers with his intelligence, breadth of perception, culture, eloquence of his tongue, strength of his argument, and the presence of his intuition.[1] He was known for his Algerian character, distinguished by nervousness of temper, hatred of hypocrisy and favoritism. Sheikh Tahir learned French, Syriac, Hebrew, Abyssinian and Berber. He undertook his education for the first time in "Al Dhahiriya Primary School". He was a member of the (Charitable Society), which was established in 1294 AH, which became a (Diwan Ma'arif), during the reign of Midhat Pasha, the governor of Damascus.
Then he was appointed general inspector of primary schools in the 1295 AH. He wrote teaching books for elementary grades in all branches.[2] He worked on opening many primary schools, nine schools were opened in Damascus, two of them were schools for females. The governor Midhat Pasha made him inspector general of knowledge in the province of Syria. He worked to educate people, spread science, fight superstition, and take pride in Arabism and Islam.[3] He established the "Dhahri Library",[4] and the "Khalidiya Library" in Jerusalem.
In 1898, he was appointed as an inspector of the houses of public books, and he remained in his position for four years. But he raised the ire of the security because of his activity and ideas that he was trying to imprint in his students and follower's minds. Until the security attacked his home and wreaked havoc in it, so he was forced to hide from view. Finally, he decided to emigrate to Egypt, and arrived in 1907. Sheikh Tahir was fond of acquiring manuscripts, and he preserved them until he was forced to sell some of them to spend on himself. He rejected help that some of his friends and students offered to help him[5] He spent his days in Cairo writing scientific research. He had correspondences with orientalists of various nationalities, and participated in editing some newspapers. He stayed in Cairo until 1918, when he decided to return to Damascus after the establishment of the Arab state, but the disease delayed him, so he returned to Damascus in 1919. He was appointed as a director of Dar al-Kotob al-Dhahiriya that he founded, and a member of the Arab Scientific Academy in Damascus.
He died four months after his return on January 5, 1920. He was buried at the foot of Mount Qassioun, as implementation of his will.
His political and social thoughts[edit]
Sheikh Tahir was an Islamic reformer. He felt the extent of the decline that the nation was suffering from. He attributed the reason for that to Ottoman despotism, corruption and mismanagement of the Ottoman Empire. He was striving to work on the renaissance of the nation by adopting knowledge, virtuous morals and the causes of civilization, without abandoning the Islamic religion. Rather, he believed in the greatness of this religion and its validity for every time and place. His most important ideas are summarized as follows:
- His interest in knowledge and being armed with it, as he used to spend most of his time acquiring it to the point he did not have time to get married. He was mostly interested in encouraging the young to persevere in acquiring knowledge and mastery in it, and what influenced him was his saying: "If someone comes to you who wants to learn grammar in three days, do not tell him that this is impossible, but teach him, so perhaps his work these three days in grammar will endear him to like grammar". He was not satisfied with this only, but he founded many schools, especially primary ones, and contributed to the reform of education in general.
- He was interested in Arabic language and Islamic history. One of his close students, Muhibb-ud-Deen Al-Khatib says that he loved the Arabic language and the Arabs from his teacher Sheikh Tahir. Moheb al-Din says: "I learned from this wise sheikh about my arabism and Islam, I knew from him that "The rusty metal now, from which God absolved in the first age, the origins of Arabism, then he gave it the choice of Islam, is a generous mineral, which God has not healed a nation on earth that is comparable to it in its originality." Sheikh Tahir was also able to convince the governor of the need to teach science in the Arabic language.
- Sheikh Tahir was interested in learning modern sciences and living languages because that is one of the tools of the Renaissance. It is very important to get acquainted with these sciences and languages to keep pace with the pace of civilization, as the sheikh was interested in all sciences of all kinds. He was also interested in journalism, philosophy, nature and other sciences of his time.
- He called for the reform of customs and fought myths and heresies.
- The sheikh was against tyranny, as he opposed the rule of Sultan Abdul Hamid and called on the government to reform, justice, shura, freedom of the press and education. This position cost him the Ottoman authorities tightening him until he was forced to leave to Egypt. When the coup happened against the Sultan, people rejoiced but the sheikh did not trust those who stood up the coup. He said: "This remarkable coup is nothing but a transition from the yoke of the despotism of the individual to the yoke of the tyranny of groups. "
The Great Damascus Seminar[edit]
Sheikh Tahir lived in a difficult period in the history of the Islamic and Arab nation. He tried to restore the nation's lost consciousness and spread the renaissance sciences in children. He used to believe that the nation could not rise only if we adopt knowledge as a weapon to face the challenges. He saw with his insight that the Ottoman state was about to fall, and the Arabs must take the pillars of knowledge, morals and innovation to confront the threat of Western colonialism in their countries and regions. Sheikh Tahir had a class of his fellow and scholars, one of them was Jamal al-Din al-Qasimi he was Imam of al-Sham during his time. He was knowledgeable in the fields of religion and a mastery of the arts of literature. Sheikh ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Bīṭār was also one of the great scholars of Damascus, and among his friends Sheikh Salim al-Bukhari, a scholar of literature, and others who used to meet Sheikh Tahir.
They were preparing learning session to discuss sciences. A large number of youth Arabs joined them, including: Rafīq Bey al-ʿAzm, who's a scientist and researcher, and one of the pioneers of the intellectual renaissance in the Levant. Also, Dr. Abd al-Rahman al-Shahbandar, a doctor who was an eloquent orator, and among the men of nationalism and patriotism, including Abdul Rahman al-Zahrawi, one of the leaders of the political renaissance in Syria. In addition to Salim al- Jazairi, a military commander, familiar with Arabic, Turkish, Persian, French and English languages. The patriot Faris al-Khoury, Abd al-Wahhab al-Melehi, Muhibb-ud-Deen al-Khatib and Muhammad Ali Kurd were also a part of the important people who used to meet with Sheikh Tahir. The largest literary and cultural session that was consisted of the gatherings of these intellectual sheikhs and youth, which called for learning modern sciences, studying the history of the Arabs, their scientific heritage, the literature of the Arabic language, adhering to the advantages of religious morals, and taking the good from Western civilization.
This session was held every week after the Friday prayer at the house of Rafīq Bey al-ʿAzm. The board of this seminar was reviewing all that is important to the thinkers, its review of the scientific, intellectual and political movement during the week. Sheikh Tahir was the one who guides them, corrects them, and enlighten them up to the causes they have missed to make the correct choice. This seminar was called the Great Damascus seminar, Sheikh Tahir and the men included with him in the seminar started denouncing the rulers and their tyranny, criticizing mismanagement, and calling for freedom, justice and order. They were accused of national treason, and working to separate Syria from the rest of the Ottoman Sultanate. On the other hand, the government canceled Sheikh Tahir's government position, obstructed the association's work, and pursued its members, who found great harassment. The authorities searched their homes. Some of them were forced to flee, including Sheikh Tahir.
When Sheikh Tahir left Damascus heading to Egypt to reside in it, he left behind him an "intellectual revolution" that was running under the ashes, and this revolution soon found an outlet for it in the Ottoman coup in 1908.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ "كلمة العدد". مجلة كلية الشريعة و الدراسات الإسلامية. 2018. doi:10.29117/jcsis.2018.0197. ISSN 2305-5545.
- ↑ "کتاب الأغانی بین تحقیقین دار الکتب ودار صادر". تراثیات. 17 (17): 175–189. 2015-01-01. doi:10.21608/tars.2015.101319. ISSN 2735-3397.
- ↑ بو غزالة, عبد الكريم (March 2015). "التفسير و المفسرون في الجزائر من القرن الحادي عشر إلى القرن الرابع عشر الهجري". مجلة الحقيقة (32): 158–176. doi:10.12816/0023571. ISSN 1112-4210.
- ↑ كرد, محمد (2015). "مارتن هيدغر والمنعطف أو من ميتافيزيقا الآنية إلى الانفتاح على الشعر". مقاربات فلسفية: 63. doi:10.46513/2066-001-003-003.
- ↑ السري, أحمد علي حيدر (August 2014). "النساء في كتاب عقلاء المجانين : صفحة من التاريخ الاجتماعي للمسلمين". دراسات تاريخية (3): 81–96. doi:10.12816/0009017. ISSN 2352-9741.
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