Tongtian River (fictional river)
| Tongtian River | |
|---|---|
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| Native name | 通天河 (Chinese)[1] |
| Location | |
| Country | Kingdom of Tarrycart |
| County | Yuanhui County |
The Tongtian River or River of Communion with Heaven[2] (Chinese: 通天河), usually translated into English as The River that leads to Heaven[3] by English orientalist and sinologist Arthur Waley,[4] is a fictional river from the Chinese novel entitled Journey to the West. The episode of Tongtian River is found in the 47th to 49th episode of Journey to the West.[5]
Tongtian River was originally a fast flowing river.[6] As early as the time when the story of Journey to the West happened, the river was located in the Yuanhui County (元会县) of Kingdom of Tarrycart (车迟国),[7] under the jurisdiction of a big white soft-shelled turtle (大白赖头鼋).[8] It is said that this river one end leads to the Heaven, one end leads to the Underworld. It can also be said that one end leads to the royal court and the other to the folk.[9]
The forty-seventh episode of Journey to the West describes that the Tongtian River is over 800 li in diameter and has rarely been traversed by people since ancient times (径过八百里, 亘古少人行).[10]
On the journey to the West, Tang Seng and his disciples experienced two difficulties in Tongtian River. One was being caught by a monster,[11] and the other was falling into the river and the scriptures were wet.[12]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Zhang Hong (1992). Chinese literature in the UK. Flower City Publishing House. pp. 250–. Search this book on
- ↑ Barbara Stoler Miller (16 September 2016). Masterworks of Asian Literature in Comparative Perspective: A Guide for Teaching: A Guide for Teaching. Taylor & Francis. pp. 284–. ISBN 978-1-315-48459-4. Search this book on
- ↑ Henry Willis Wells (1971). Traditional Chinese Humor: A Study in Art and Literature. Indiana University Press. pp. 187–. Search this book on
- ↑ Wu Ch'êng-ên (1 December 2007). Monkey: Folk Novel of China. Grove Atlantic. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-0-8021-9884-6. Search this book on
- ↑ He Manzi; Li Shiren (1992). Ming and Qing Novel Appreciation Dictionary. Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House. pp. 326–. Search this book on
- ↑ Selected Novels, Issues 7-12. People's Literature Magazine Agency. 2009. pp. 9–. Search this book on
- ↑ Xu Kun (1998). A very seductive Monkey King. Chinese Literature Press. pp. 258–. ISBN 978-7-5071-0432-5. Search this book on
- ↑ Xu Kun (1 January 2015). Kitchens. Anhui Literature and Art Publishing House. pp. 138–. ISBN 978-7-5396-5230-6. Search this book on
- ↑ Tianya. Tianya Magazine Agency. 1997. Search this book on
- ↑ National Palace Museum Cultural Relics Monthly, Volumes 211-213. National Palace Museum. 2000. pp. 49–. Search this book on
- ↑ Wenxin Studio (11 September 2008). 100 Chinese Classics: Journey to the West. Business Weekly Publications. pp. 128–. ISBN 978-986-6571-26-8. Search this book on
- ↑ Qian Zhongli (1988). Qinghai Style. Qinghai People's Press. Search this book on
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