Tsukaikoku
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Tsukaikoku (対海国) is an island country in Wa-koku, which is described in Chinese history books such as the Wajinden.[1]
Description in the Wajinden[edit]
According to the wajinden, the island of Tsushima was "without good fields" but in the "Tsushima Province Tribute Silver Records" by Ōe Masafusa, it is stated that "there are no rice paddies, only fields to be cultivated... this island's main form of tribute is soybeans." Additionally, the records state that the island was abundant in valuable goods such as silver, lead, tin, pearls, gold, and lacquer and that pearls were a specific product. However, it is possible that these pearls were not actual pearls, but rather red pigments made from cinnabar, which can be found mixed in mineral deposits in the mountains. In the historical records of the Wei dynasty, it is recorded that the king of Wa presented about 11 kg of pearls to Queen Himiko. However, it is known that the island was well-known among the inhabitants of Korea.[1]
The island had a population of over 1000 households and there was no king, only officials known as the "Higo" and "Hinokumari" were recorded. The "Bando" district officials only briefly visited ports for the convenience of navigation and recorded the administrative district names and characteristics, so it is possible that other administrative districts such as Motsu, Keiji, and Kashi that existed at the time may have had kings (although the names from the Yayoi period and the Engishiki records do not necessarily match)[1] ja:対海国
Location[edit]
Some historians believe that the country referred to as Tsukaikoku in ancient records is the same as the modern day island of Tsushima.[citation needed] Others consider it to be located in Shimane prefecture.[1] In 1993, the Nagasaki Prefecture Board of Education announced that the ancient ruins on Iki Island were the remains of Tsukaikoku, generating much discussion.[citation needed]
Shimane theory[edit]
The names of the shrines in the Engishiki shrine records match the shrines of Shimane prefecture, supporting the theory of its location.[1]
In the Shimane prefecture, there were four districts known as Kashi, Keiji, Tamamochi, and Motsu. As seen on a map, the island is naturally divided into four regions by mountain ranges. The districts of Kashi, Keiji, and Motsu can be clearly identified by their current place names, but the location of Tamamochi district is unknown. The area in the west coast that is relatively empty is later referred to as Sasu district, but this name does not appear in the historical literature. It is believed that the district may have been renamed from Tamamochi to Sasu in an early period.[1]
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
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