Tudar Parbo

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Tudar Parbo
Baliyendra Mara.
Also called	Tudar Parbo
Observed by	Hindus, Jains
Type	Religious, cultural, seasonal
Date
Frequency	Annual

Tudar Parbo (spelt as Tuḍar‌ parbo, Tulu: ತುಡರ್‌ ಪರ್ಬೊ). is an agriculture-oriented Deepavali festival of the tulunadu people and other related communities, This three-day celebration is dedicated to calling Bali Chakravarthi to their premises with Baliyendra Mara, domestic cattle and agriculture appliances are worshiped. The Tudar means Diya and Parbo means Festival in Tulu Language respectively. The festival mostly observed in the coastal Karnataka called Tulunadu, Karnataka and Kasaragod of Kerala state and celebrated annually as per Tulu Calender on Bali Padyami.

Mipuna Parbo

Naraka Chaturdashi is the first day of Tudar Parba. The commemoration of Narakasura's demise at the hands of Lord Krishna occurs on this day. After applying oil to their entire bodies, everyone gets up early and takes a hot bath. Filling the mande with water is a big kid-friendly activity here (a large copper vessel, holds the hot bathing water for everybody). After being thoroughly cleaned, the bathroom and well are elegantly embellished with designs, flowers, and leaves. The night before the morning bath, this water-filling operation is completed.

People change into new clothes after taking a bath, light diyas, set off firecrackers, and share sweets with their loved ones. One of the required foods eaten this morning is sweetened beaten rice, known as bajil in Tulu or poha in Hindi.

Bajil Padunu

Bajil Paduna, A ritual of Tulunadu in Tudar Parbo

If a family member passes away throughout the year, "Bajil Padunu"(Bajil: Beaten Rice) is a programme to honour and remember them. The ceremony entails offering bajil in the early morning (before sunrise), sweetened with jaggery and thoroughly combined with coconut shavings, sesame seeds, and ghee. Banana, dosa, and the sweet bajil are also offered. The agel (offering) is concluded with a deepa, and the entire family assembles to pray for the deceased person's soul. For men and women, offering separate days. Padya is the day for women, and Amavasya is the day for men.

Baliyendra Mara

Tudar Parbo

Tudar Parba's third day, also known as Balipadyami̤ One of the greatest Vishnu Bhaktas, Bali Chakravarthy, is honoured during the Tudar Parba celebrations. Bali Chakravarthi celebrates Deepavali by lighting customary torches. Traditionally, paleda mara was used to make stands, but nowadays, jackfruit trees are also used. Flowers and lighting are used to embellish this stand. There is a tender coconut placed on one banana leaf. A portion of sweetened bajil, banana, and dosa are spread on another banana leaf.

Decorations of Baliyendra Mara

This crown is used to support a lamp constructed of coconut shells (Cocos nucifera L., Arecaceae), popularly known as "thibile," which is lit every night during the festival using a cotton wick moistened with coconut oil. The A. scholaris branch is covered by an outer layer of the fibrous coverings of a plantain tree stem. 'Dasavala' (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Malvaceae), 'gonde poo' (Allamanda cathartica L., Apocynaceae), and 'paade poo' (Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam., Caryophyllaceae) fresh wildflowers are also used to decorate the branch. The structure created by the ornamented Alstonia branches is known as "Baliyendra mara" (a tree dedicated to Baliyendra) and represents the demon king Bali from Hindu mythology. During the worship, the entire family participates by lighting the lamp and exclaiming the name "Bali" aloud. As offerings to Bali, meals made with rice and milk are also kept under a banana plant leaf. The localised version of the King Bali myth, Mahabali was a tremendously strong demon king who posed a threat to all the gods. The Hindu god of creation, "Vishnu," appeared in front of Bali as a dwarf named "Vamana" to slay him and free the gods from his grasp. Vamana pleaded with Bali to give him a plot of land the size of his three small feet. Vamana asked for three steps of ground, which Bali promised him. Vamana instantly changed into a giant and took two steps, first covering the entire earth and then the entire heavens. Despite being a demon, Bali had a good reputation and never broke his promises.

Families from farming communities swarm to their farms with antique lamps and sing a particular song which is called Baliyendra Pāḍdana that ends with the sound "kooooo." Despite how melodious it may sound, the Pāḍdana is a homage to this country's kind former ruler, King Bali Chakravarthy. The Pāḍdana is sung by the populace as a homage to King Bali and an invitation for him to visit his domain. They think that their king pays them a visit around Diwali to see how his realm and subjects are faring. They anticipate that god would go to the fields to assess the situation and to bestow blessings. The Baliyenda Pāḍdana as follows,

kargal kāyanagā

bōrgal pū pōnagā

jāl pāde ānagā

urdu maddoli ānagā

gōḍderme gone ānagā

eru daḍde ānagā

tumbedaḍiṭ kūṭa ānagā

nekkidaḍiṭ āṭa ānagā

dambēlig pāmpu pāḍnaga

aleṭ bōlneyi murkunagā

gurugun̄jida kale majinagā

kalla kōri kelepunagā

daṇṭe ajji madimal ānagā

ballamale sullamale on̄janagā

man̄jalakki mai pāḍunaga

koṭruña koḍiyērnagā

āṭida amāvāseg sōṇada saṅkrāntig

bontelda koḍi parbōgu

ā dinata bali ī dinata poli

koṇḍu pōla..... Baliyēndra......

arak da oṭṭe ōḍōḍu

mayaṇada moṇṭu jallūḍu

poṭṭu gaṭṭi pōḍi bajild bali detonare

koṭṭugu goṇḍe pū kaṭṭud

bala baliyēndra

ā ūra poli kanala

ī ūra bali konola baliyēndra

vkū..Baliyēndra... Kū... Baliyēndra...Kū... Baliyēndra

The Tuluvas decorate their homes with oil lamps and being an agrarian society, the tuluvas perform several rituals in the fields in honour of King Bali. Similarly, prayers are offered to the crops and to the livestock too. The calling of Baliyendra Pāḍdana is like this,

Erukule Tudar Tojapuna

Tudar Tojapuna

Tudar Tojapuna

On the morning of Deepawali, you must bathe every cow and calf in the house. All of the cows in the kidhe (cowshed) are adorned with a flower garland and kumkum on their foreheads following the completion of Bali puja at night. As part of the preparation for the go-pooja, their legs are also cleansed. Place a deepa and a small amount of rice, bajil, and baar (rice grains with their covers on), which are accessible in every Tulunadu home, in one thadpe (a huge dish made of straw with thick corners). Show this to the cows and perform a pooja. After performing pooja, serve each cow a neer dosa and a banana on a banana leaf.

Angadi pooja during Tudar Parba

Dhanyalakshmi poojas are performed on the final day of Thudar Parba in the Tulunadu region. On this day, the majority of grocery store owners, restaurant owners, and other commercial enterprises do pooja, also known as "Angadi Pooja". The business must be thoroughly cleaned in every nook and cranny before this puja can take place. Regular clients, friends, and family are welcomed into the establishment and given drinks and sweet packets as gifts.

Maankaali Nalike

On Tudar Parbo Padya day, Maankaali Nalike, a traditional folk dance, unfolds as members of the Panaara or Nalike community adorn themselves with saris, masks crafted from areca sheets, and gaggara (jingle bells) tied around their ankles. The performance commences at the residence of the village head, and with rhythmic dance moves, the participants subsequently visit every house, imparting blessings to specific families

References

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