Tvornica motora Zagreb
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Tvornica motora Zagreb (TMZ) was a Yugoslav manufacturer of engines and motorcycles from Zagreb, Croatia in the period from 1947 to 1963. It was the only industry of this type in the republic of Croatia in the period after World War II. The factory produced mopeds, scooters, motor pumps, stationary engines and small agricultural machines.[citation needed]
History[edit]
Tvornica motora Zagreb (TMZ) began in 1947 as a mechanical workshop of the Industrial Project Bureau with an attempt to create a copy of the 500 cm3 BMW motorcycle that was made as a prototype in 1948.[citation needed]
A few years later, in 1952, the production of self-built stable engines of 285 cm3 and later 175 cm3 began, which were used in agriculture and as fire pumps ("Dubrava" and "Savica"). In 1957, the factory signed a license agreement with by the Austrian manufacturer HMW (Halleiner Motorenwerke) and began the production of the "50 SL" moped, in which the original HMW units were installed.[citation needed] The moped was advertised as a vehicle that could be driven without passing a test and without registration, even though it was 49.9 cm3.
From 1954, the factory planned to produce 350 cm3 and 500 cm3 motorcycles as well as outboard motors, for which prototypes were made. However, only the TMZ 50 SL moped was on the market at that time.
An independent scooter project named "Švrća 50" was presented in 1958 at specialized fairs, but production was only started in 1960.[citation needed] The Švrća 50 shared a certain number of components with the 50 SL moped (engine, front and rear fork, steering wheel, electrical installation), but unlike the two-speed moped 50 SL, it had a three-speed gearbox and a completely new external appearance of body parts that were designed in-house factories.
The annual production of machines and mopeds was about 7,000 pieces.[citation needed] The factory was dissolved by a political decision in 1963, when the drive, machines and remaining parts were transported to Mali Zvornik (Serbia), where for a short time (a year) stable "Savica" engines were assembled from the remaining parts brought from Zagreb, and the factory carried the name "IMZ".[citation needed] The lack of interest of the rulers and the inexperience of the workers led to the rapid collapse of the "IMZ" factory, and the primacy of moped production in the former Yugoslavia was taken over by Tomos (Tovarna motornih koles Sežana) based in Koper, Slovenia.[1]
Motorcycles[edit]
The "TMZ 50 SL" moped is a product of Tvornica motora Zagreb. The moped was created as a result of the collaboration between TMZ and the Austrian company HMW (Halleiner Motoren Werke). TMZ started montaging it in 1957; the first examples were assembled in Zagreb from parts arrived from Austria, but the company slowly adopted production of its own parts, tools and devices. As early as 1958, even 50% of the parts were made in Zagreb.[2]
The moped was intended for the public and enabled the quick performance of everyday tasks in the city or in the countryside. Dealers offered it under the slogan TMZ — moped 50 SL without tests and without registrations. It was powered by a single-cylinder air-cooled two-stroke engine with a volume of 49.9 cm3 and a power of 1.6 kW/2.2 hp at 6100 rpm.[3]
"Švrća 50" scooter Trying to find a satisfactory production program, the TMZ engineers concluded in 1958 that the real solution was to make a domestic scooter. Before it was even known whether the idea of mass production would really go through, a prototype scooter named after the Disney's character Scamp (translated as "Švrća"). An interesting coincidence was that the Italians, when they created their first Vespa prototype, also named the model after a Disney character, Donald Duck.[4]
From a technical point of view, Švrća was created as a scooter with a two-stroke engine, a five-liter fuel tank, a fuel consumption of 1.3 liters per 100 km and a maximum speed of 50 km/h. It appeared at fairs and in sales throughout 1959 and 1960 with the main promotional slogan 'no exam and no registration'.[5]
Unfortunately, Švrča's Croatian scooter adventure did not last long. TMZ did not only have to stop with Švrča's production, but the entire factory was shut down and dismantled by a 'decision from the top' in the early 1960s. Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia took precedence in the production of motor vehicles, including scooters. Such examples were Calibri mopeds from Tomos, Pretis-NSU mopeds and Prima scooters, the domestic version of the world-famous Lambretta, from Tito Sarajevo in Vogošća.[5]
Machinery[edit]
In 1952, the production of stable Otto single-cylinder, air-cooled, two-stroke "Savica" engines began in TMZ. It was entirely TMZ's own construction, and the factory, in cooperation with domestic industry, produced all parts except ball bearings and electrical devices that they imported. The engine with a working volume of 285 cm3 developed a power of 4.5 kW at 3,000 min, and was used to drive agricultural machines and fire pumps. Later, a 175 cm3 version with a power of 3 kW was developed.[6]
References[edit]
- ↑ Makar, A. B.; McMartin, K. E.; Palese, M.; Tephly, T. R. (June 1975). "Formate assay in body fluids: application in methanol poisoning". Biochemical Medicine. 13 (2): 117–126. doi:10.1016/0006-2944(75)90147-7. ISSN 0006-2944. PMID 1.
- ↑ "Tvornica motora Zagreb: Motorkotač TMZ 50 SL". muzeji.hr. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
- ↑ "TMZ 50 SL". Museum Žeravica. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
- ↑ "Tvornica motora Zagreb trebala je 50-ih proizvoditi i ovaj traktor". mirovina.hr. 2019-04-11. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Admin. "TMZ Švrća 50". MojSkuter.com (in hrvatski). Retrieved 2022-07-19.
- ↑ "Švrća - dva kotača slave". tportal.hr. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
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