Typhoon Fred (1991)
Script error: No such module "Draft topics".
Script error: No such module "AfC topic".
| Typhoon (JMA scale) | |
|---|---|
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
 Typhoon Fred at peak intensity before landfall in Hainan | |
| Formed | August 11, 1991 |
| Dissipated | August 18, 1991 |
| Highest winds | 10-minute sustained: 155 km/h (100 mph) 1-minute sustained: 175 km/h (110 mph) |
| Lowest pressure | 960 hPa (mbar); 28.35 inHg |
| Fatalities | 50 total, excluding 10 missing |
| Damage | > $101 million |
| Areas affected | Philippines, Macau, Hong Kong, Hainan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand |
| Part of the 1991 Pacific typhoon season | |
Typhoon Fred, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Luding, was a typhoon in the 1991 Pacific typhoon season. As the twelfth tropical storm and eighth typhoon in the season, Fred originated from a monsoon trough situated to the east of the Central Philippines. It was upgraded to a tropical depression on August 11, and remained a tropical depression until it entered the South China Sea, where it was upgraded to a tropical storm.
The DB29 was sunk due to Fred, killing 22 people. Overall, 50 people died and over $101 million was lost; $9.5 million in Vietnam, $49 million in Guangdong, and $49.5 million in Hainan. Haikou, Hainan saw the worst damage.
Meteorological history[edit]
Typhoon Fred (Luding) organized from a monsoon trough situated to the east of the Central Philippines, forming into a tropical depression formed on August 11. The depression moved across northern Luzon Island, upon entering the South China Sea the depression was upgraded to tropical storm status, gaining the name Fred. Fred reached typhoon intensity on August 14 as the storm moved south of Hong Kong. Fred reached its peak intensity of 110 mph (180 km/h), almost becoming a category three typhoon on the Saffir-Simpson scale shortly before moving across Hainan Island. Fred then turned southwest across the Gulf of Tonkin and made a final landfall in northern Vietnam before it dissipated.[1]
Preparations and impact[edit]
China[edit]
9,400 houses collapsed, and over 90,000 houses were damaged. Other damaged items included telephone lines, roads and dams. Over 350 million RMB ($49 million USD) was lost in Guangdong.[1]
In Hainan, heavy flooding and landslides from Typhoon Fred's heavy rains killed 16 people.[2] About 5,800 houses collapsed and over 67,000 houses were damaged. Fred damaged Haikou's main power source, resulting in a city wide blackout. Damage on the island totaled 304 million RMB ($42.5 million USD).[1]
As Fred moved south of Hong Kong an oil rig support barge, named DB29 sank with 195 people on board, and 22 people on board the ship were killed.[3][4][5] In Macau, torrential rain resulted in minor flooding in low-lying areas. The Governor Nobre de Carvalho Bridge was closed due to gale force winds.[1]
Elsewhere[edit]
Heavy rainfall was reported in Laos.[1] As Fred passed over Luzon, heavy rainfall was reported. No major damage was reported.[1] In Thailand, five people were killed due to flooding. Over 5,000 houses were destroyed, and many damaged powerlines were reported. Fred killed 12 people and injured 16 in Vietnam. 10 people were left missing due to Fred. Many crops were destroyed or damaged from the storm. Over 50 ships and boats sank, and over 10,000 houses were damaged or destroyed. Damage in Vietnam totaled 8.5 billion VND ($9.5 million USD).[6]
See also[edit]
- 1991 Pacific typhoon season
- Tropical cyclones in 1991
- Typhoon Nora (1951) – impacted similar areas forty years before Fred.
- Typhoon Ophelia (1953) – a typhoon that took a comparable track.
- Tropical Storm Nock-ten (2011) – a tropical storm that made landfall in similar regions.
- Typhoon Sarika (2016) – a typhoon that took a similar track.
- Tropical Storm Kompasu (2021) – a tropical storm that took similar track.
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 1991" (PDF). Hong Kong Observatory. March 1993. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
- ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Archived June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on December 26, 2007.
- ↑ "No. 52931". The London Gazette (Supplement). May 22, 1992. p. 8939.
- ↑ "Rescue efforts continue after barge sinks off Hong Kong". UPI. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
- ↑ "At Least 16 Die as Typhoon Sinks Barge Off Hong Kong". Los Angeles Times. 1991-08-16. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
- ↑ "Vietnam Typhoon Fred Aug 1991 UNDRO Situation Reports 1–3". Reliefweb. August 20, 1991. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
This article "Typhoon Fred (1991)" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Typhoon Fred (1991). Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
