Umashi-Ashikabi-Hikoji
Umashi-Ashikabi-Hikoji is a Japanese deity
In the Sendai Kuji Hongi, the first deity to appear is named 'Ame-Yuzuruhi-Ame-no-Sagiri-Kuni-Yuzurutsuki-Kuni-no-Sagiri-no-Mikoto' (天譲日天狭霧国禅月国狭霧尊). Here, Ame-no-Minakanushi - given the alias 'Ame-no-Tokotachi-no-Mikoto' (天常立尊; the name of a distinct kami in the Kojiki) - along with the deity Umashi-Ashikabi-Hikoji(宇摩志阿斯訶備比古遅神) is instead counted as the first generation that emerged after this god.[1][2][3] ja:ウマシアシカビヒコヂ
Mythology[edit]
The Kojiki portrays Ame-no-Minakanushi as the first god to appear in the heavenly realm of Takamagahara after the emergence of heaven and earth from the primeval chaos:
At the time of the beginning of heaven and earth, there came into existence in Takamanohara a deity named Ame-no-Minakanushi-no-Kami; next, Takamimusubi-no-Kami; next, Kamimusubi-no-Kami. These three deities all came into existence as single deities (hitorigami), and their forms were not visible (or 'they hid their bodies').[4]
Unlike later generations of kami, the first seven gods were "single" or "solitary" in that they came into being one by one, without any counterparts, and are described as hiding their presence upon coming into existence. Ame-no-Minakanushi is reckoned as the first of the "three deities of creation" (造化三神, zōka sanshin) and one of the five "distinguished heavenly gods" (別天津神, kotoamatsukami).[5]
In the Nihon Shoki's main narrative and many of the variant accounts cited in it, the very first kami is identified instead as Kuni-no-Tokotachi; Ame-no-Minakanushi only appears in passing in one of these variants:
In one writing it is said:—"When Heaven and Earth began, there were Deities produced together, whose names were, first, Kuni-no-toko-tachi no Mikoto, and next Kuni no sa-tsuchi no Mikoto." It is further stated:—"The names of the Gods which were produced in the Plain of High Heaven were Ama no mi-naka-nushi no Mikoto, next Taka-mi-musubi no Mikoto, next Kami-mi-musubi no Mikoto."
— translation by William George Aston[6]
In the Sendai Kuji Hongi, the first deity to appear is named 'Ame-Yuzuruhi-Ame-no-Sagiri-Kuni-Yuzurutsuki-Kuni-no-Sagiri-no-Mikoto' (天譲日天狭霧国禅月国狭霧尊). Here, Ame-no-Minakanushi - given the alias 'Ame-no-Tokotachi-no-Mikoto' (天常立尊; the name of a distinct kami in the Kojiki) - along with the deity Umashi-Ashikabi-Hikoji(宇摩志阿斯訶備比古遅神) is instead counted as the first generation that emerged after this god.[1][2][3]
No further mention is made of Ame-no-Minakanushi in these texts.
| Kojiki | Nihon Shoki (main text) |
Nihon Shoki (variant 2) |
Nihon Shoki (variant 4) |
Nihon Shoki (variant 6) |
Sendai Kuji Hongi[2][3] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The first generations of kami | (Kotoamatsukami) 1. Ame-no-Minakanushi 2. Takamimusubi 3. Kamimusubi 4. Umashi-Ashikabi-Hikoji 5. Ame-no-Tokotachi (Seven divine generations) 1. Kuni-no-Tokotachi 2. Toyokumono 3. Uijini, Suijini 4. Tsunugui, Ikugui 5. Ōtonoji, Ōtonobe 6. Omodaru, Ayakashikone 7. Izanagi, Izanami |
(Seven divine generations) 1. Kuni-no-Tokotachi 2. Kuni-no-Satsuchi 3. Toyokumunu 4. Uijini, Suijini 5. Ōtonoji, Ōtomabe 6. Omodaru, Kashikone 7. Izanagi, Izanami |
1. Umashi-Ashikabi-Hikoji 2. Kuni-no-Tokotachi 3. Kuni-no-Satsuchi |
1. Kuni-no-Tokotachi 2.Kuni no Satsuchi (Emerged in Takamagahara) 1. Ame-no-Minakanushi 2. Takamimusubi 3. Kamimusubi |
1. Ame-no-Tokotachi 2. Umashi-Ashikabi-Hikoji |
Ame-Yuzuruhi-Ame-no-Sagiri-Kuni-Yuzurutsuki-Kuni-no-Sagiri (Seven divine generations) 1. Ame-no-Minakanushi, Umashi-Ashikabi-Hikoji 2. Kuni-no-Tokotachi, Toyokuninushi (Toyokumunu) + Ame-no-Yakudari 3. Tsugunui, Ikugui + Ame-no-Mikudari |
Descendants[edit]
An imperially commissioned genealogical record known as the Shinsen Shōjiroku (815 CE) identifies two clans as the progeny of deities descended from Ame-no-Minakanushi:[7]
- The Hattori no Muraji (服部連) clan, descended from Ame-no-Mihoko (天御桙命), the 11th generation descendant of Ame-no-Minakanushi
- The Miteshiro no Obito (御手代首) clan, descended from Ame-no-Minakanushi's 10th generation descendant Ame-no-Morokami (天諸神命)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kadoya, Atsushi. "Ameyuzuruhiamenosagirikuniyuzuruhikuninosagiri". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Kokugakuin University. Retrieved 2020-11-01.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Keizai Zasshi-sha, ed. (1898). "先代旧事本紀 巻第一 神代本紀 (Sendai Kuji Hongi, vol. 1: Jindai Hongi)". 国史大系 第7巻 (Kokushi Taikei, vol. 7). Keizai Zasshi-sha. pp. 173–178. Search this book on
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "巻第一 神代本紀・神代系紀・陰陽本紀". 『先代旧事本紀』の現代語訳（ＨＩＳＡＳＨＩ）. Retrieved 2020-11-01.
- ↑ Translation from Philippi, Donald L. (2015). Kojiki. Princeton University Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-1400878000. Search this book on Names (transcribed in Old Japanese in the original) have been changed into their modern equivalents.
- ↑ Mori, Mizue. "Amenominakanushi". Encyclopedia of Shinto. Kokugakuin University. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
- ↑ Aston, William George (1896). . Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. p. – via Wikisource.
- ↑ "『新撰姓氏録』氏族一覧２（第二帙／神別）". 北川研究室 (in 日本語). Retrieved 2020-11-04.
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