United Pakistan – People's Republic of China (PRC) relations

Diplomatic relations between Pakistan and the People's Republic of China (PRC) were established on the 21st of May in 1951^[1], shortly after the retreat of the Republic of China in 1949.^[2] While initially ambivalent towards the idea of a Communist country on its borders, Pakistan hoped that the PRC would serve as a counterweight to Indian influence. The Republic of India had recognised the PRC a year before, and Indian Prime Minister Nehru also hoped for closer relations between modern India and the PRC. However, with escalating border tensions leading to the 1962 Sino-Indian war, the PRC and Pakistan formed an alliance. One year after the PRCs border war with India, Pakistan ceded the Trans-Karakoram Tract to the PRC in order to convince the PRC Authorities to be friendly towards Pakistan. Formal relations between China and Pakistan were established in 1950, when the Dominion of Pakistan was among the first countries to sever diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (ROC) government in favour of recognizing the PRC as the legitimate "China". Since then, relations between the two countries have been extremely cordial for more than half a century, which are influenced by their similar geopolitical interests. Both countries have placed considerable importance on the maintenance of a "special relationship" between them,^[3]^[4] and their regular exchanges of high-level visits have culminated in the establishment of various cooperative measures. China has provided economic, technical, and military assistance to Pakistan; both sides regard each other as close strategic allies.^[5]^[6]

The Chinese communists defeated the Nationalists in the Chinese Civil War. On the 1st of October in 1949, Mao Zedong announced the founding of the People's Republic of China. Pakistan recognized the New Chinese government on the 4th of January in 1950, becoming the first Muslim country to do so.^[7] Diplomatic relations between Pakistan and China were established on the 21st of May in 1951 respectively. While initially ambivalent towards the idea of a Communist country on its borders, Pakistan hoped that China would serve as a counterweight to Indian influence. Modern India had recognised China a year before, and Indian Prime Minister Nehru also hoped for closer relations with the Chinese. In 1956, Pakistani Prime Minister Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai signed the Treaty of Friendship Between China and Pakistan, marking closer bilateral ties.^[8] Zhou Enlai was statesman who established relations with Pakistan. From there, the relations between the two countries moved from strength to strength.^[8]

References[edit]

↑ Fazal-ur-Rahman. "Pakistan's Evolving Relations with China, Russia, and Central Asia" (PDF). Retrieved 24 November 2012.
↑ "PAKISTAN AND CHINA DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS – Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. January 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
↑ "Pakistani PM hails China as his country's 'best friend'". BBC News. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Masood, Salman (13 October 2008). "Pakistan President to Visit China, a Valued Ally". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2008. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Pakistan cements China ties amid tension with U.S". CNN. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "China, Pakistan joined in bonds of brotherhood". People's Daily. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Hussain, Syed Rifaat (2016). The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8047-9764-1. OCLC 939553543. Search this book on
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 "Premier Zhou Enlai: Modern China's founding leader was a Great Friend of Pakistan". Global Village Space. 2021-05-12. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-02. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

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[1] Fazal-ur-Rahman. "Pakistan's Evolving Relations with China, Russia, and Central Asia" (PDF). Retrieved 24 November 2012.

[2] "PAKISTAN AND CHINA DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS – Ministry of Foreign Affairs". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. January 2020. Retrieved 31 May 2023.

[bbcnews-3] "Pakistani PM hails China as his country's 'best friend'". BBC News. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[nyt-4] Masood, Salman (13 October 2008). "Pakistan President to Visit China, a Valued Ally". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2008. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[5] "Pakistan cements China ties amid tension with U.S". CNN. 17 May 2011. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[6] "China, Pakistan joined in bonds of brotherhood". People's Daily. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2011. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[7] Hussain, Syed Rifaat (2016). The new great game : China and South and Central Asia in the era of reform. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8047-9764-1. OCLC 939553543. Search this book on

[globalvillagespace.com-8] 8.0 ^8.1 "Premier Zhou Enlai: Modern China's founding leader was a Great Friend of Pakistan". Global Village Space. 2021-05-12. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-02. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

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PAKISTAN (Occupied Kashmir)	People's Republic of China