Visnuraja
| Visnuraja วิษณุราชา | |
|---|---|
| King of Phitsanulok | |
| King of Xiān | |
| Reign | 957–987[lower-alpha 1] |
| Predecessor | Sudhammaraja |
| Successor | Vijayaraja |
| Born | 937 Phraek Si Racha? |
| Died | 987 Phitsanulok |
| Consort | Indravatidevi |
| Dynasty | Padumasuriyavaṃśa |
| Religion | Theravada Buddhism |
Viṣṇurāja (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., RTGS: Witsanuracha) was a 10th-century Siamese monarch mentioned in the Ayutthaya Testimonies as the ruler of Phitsanulok.[6] He was described as a descendant of the Padumasūriyavaṃśa dynasty and ascended the throne of Phitsanulok at the age of 20.[7] Viṣṇurāja was married to Queen Indravatidevi (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.), but has no record regarding their offspring. He ruled the kingdom for 30 years and died at the age of 50. His younger brother, Vijayaraja, succeeded him.[7]
The source further records that Viṣṇurāja was enthroned as king of Phitsanulok following the departure of Sudhammaraja, whom Thai scholars have identified with Dhammikaraja, the son of Sai Nam Peung, ruler of Ayodhya.[8] Nevertheless, this assertion appears to be chronologically incongruent, as modern Thai scholars situate both father and son in the 12th century, several centuries after the era traditionally ascribed to Viṣṇurāja.[9][10]:43–6
Notes
- ↑ As Chen Li Fu was likewise centered in the Phraek Si Racha region,[1]:18[2]:15 Chinese historical sources record that the dynasty’s first monarch ascended the throne in 1180 CE.[3]:6–7 This chronological datum serves as a basis for retrospective calculation in determining the approximate period of reigns of the Siamese rulers belonging to this lineage. However, the Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription (K. 766), dated to 1167 CE,[4] suggests that Sri Dharmasokaraja II may have extended his authority northward as far as present-day Nakhon Sawan Province, which would imply that the Phraek Si Racha region likewise fell under his control;[5]:36–39 if this interpretation is accepted, the reigns of the Xian rulers in question must have ended no later than 1167 CE, rather than in 1180 CE.
References
Citations
- ↑ Walailak Songsiri (2025). "ในดินแดนแห่งเจนลีฟู นครรัฐที่ไม่ได้อยู่ในอำนาจทางการเมืองของพระเจ้าชัยวรมันที่ ๗ สู่ปัญหาทางประวัตศาสตร์ที่หาทางออกไม่เจอของสังคมไทย" [In the land of Chen Li Fu, a city-state that was not under the political power of King Jayavarman VII, to the historical problems that cannot be solved for Thai society.]. Lek-Prapai Viriyahpant Foundation (in ไทย). Retrieved 14 July 2025.
- ↑ Walailak Songsiri (2025). ในดินแดนแห่งเจนลีฟูและตามหารากเง้าพระอาจารย์ธรรมโชติ [In the land of Cenlifu and searching for the roots of Master Thammachot] (in ไทย). Lek-Prapai Viriyaphan Foundation. Search this book on
- ↑ O. W. Wolters (1960). "Chên Li Fu: A State On The Gulf Of Siam at the Beginning of the 14th Century". The Journal of the Siam Society. XLVIII.
- ↑ "จารึกดงแม่นางเมือง" [Dong Mè Nang Mưo’ng Inscription]. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Anthropology Centre (in ไทย). 8 September 2025. Archived from the original on 2025-12-17. Retrieved 18 December 2025.
- ↑ Chatchai Sukrakarn (October 2005). "พระเจ้าศรีธรรมาโศกราช" [Sri Thammasokaraj] (PDF) (in ไทย). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2024.
- ↑ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 37–8.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 38.
- ↑ Fine Arts Department 1968, p. 37.
- ↑ Sujit Wongthes (21 April 2023). "พงศาวดารอโยธยาศรีรามเทพนคร ฉบับ มานิต วัลลิโภดม : อโยธยา เก่าแก่กว่าสุโขทัย ต้นกำเนิดอยุธยา ต้นแบบรัตนโกสินทร์" [The Chronicles of Ayutthaya Sri Ramathep Nakhon, Manit Vallipodom Edition: Ayutthaya is older than Sukhothai, the origin of Ayutthaya, the prototype of Rattanakosin.]. www.silpa-mag.com (in ไทย). Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ↑ Phra Wichianpreecha (Noi) (1934). Northern Chronicle (in Thai). Royal Society of Thailand. Retrieved 2 October 2025.
Sources
- Fine Arts Department, ed. (1968). Khamhaikan Chao Krung Kao Khamhaikan Khun Luang Ha Wat Lae Phra Ratcha Pongsawadarn Krung Kao Chabab Luang Luang Prasoet Aksorn คำให้การชาวกรุงเก่า คำให้การขุนหลวงหาวัด และ พระราชพงศาวดารกรุงเก่าฉบับหลวงประเสริฐอักษรนิติ์ [Testimony of the King Who Entered a Wat, Testimony of the Inhabitants of the Old Capital, and Royal Chronicle of the Old Capital: Luang Prasoet Aksorn Version] (PDF) (in ไทย). Bangkok: Rung Rueang Tham. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2024. Unknown parameter
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