Women's events and developments in 1919
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This is a listing of noteworthy historical events relating to the international women's movement which occurred in 1919.
Events[edit]
January[edit]
- 15 January 1919: Revolutionary socialist anti-war activist Rosa Luxemburg was murdered.[3]
February[edit]
- 4 February 1919: Belarus: Women's right to vote.[4]
- 10 February 1919: U.S. Senate defeats women's suffrage amendment.[5]
- 14-16 February 1919: Georgia: women participated for the first time in national voting, electing members of the constitutional assembly.[6] On 2 December 1918 Peri-Khan Sofieva (Azerbaijani: Pərixan Sofiyeva, Georgian: ფარიხან სოფიევა), an Azerbaijani woman living in Georgia was elected to serve on a local counsel for the village council of Karajala, in the Kakheti Region, and she began her term as a regional representative in 1919.[7][8]
- 16 February 1919: Austria, women were allowed to vote for the first time. Eight women were elected, including 7 representatives of the Social Democratic Party of Austria: Anna Boschek, Emmy Freundlich, Adelheid Popp, Gabriele Proft, Therese Schlesinger, Amalie Seidel and Maria Tusch; and 1 for the Christian Social Party: Hildegard Burjan[9].
March[edit]
- 10 March 1919: Ukraine: Women's right to vote.[4]
- 21 March 1919: Hungarian Soviet Republic universal suffrage to trade union members only; with the dissolution of the Republic, in August 1919 the law was overturned and universal suffrage did not exist again until 1945.[10]
May[edit]
- 24 May 1919: Sweden: Women granted the right to vote.[11]
June[edit]
- 5 June 1919: The National Suffrage Amendment, the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, passed by Congress.[12]
- 21 June 1919: Armenia: Elections under universal suffrage.[14]
July[edit]
August[edit]
- 11 August 1919: Germany: Under the Weimar Constitution, Germany granted women the right to vote.[17][18]
September[edit]
- 18 September 1919: Netherlands: The Netherlands granted women the right to vote. The right to stand in election was granted in 1917.[19][20]
October[edit]
- 29 October 1919: New Zealand: New Zealand allowed women to stand for election into parliament.[23][24]
December[edit]
- December 1919: UK Sex Disqualification Act enabled women to join the professions.[25]
- 1 December 1919: England: Nancy Astor became the first woman to take her seat in the House of Commons.[26][27]
- 21 December 1919: Anarchist Emma Goldman deported from the United States to Soviet Russia.[28]
- 23 December 1919: United Kingdom: The Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 became law. In a broad opening statement it specified that, "[a] person shall not be disqualified by sex or marriage from the exercise of any public function, or from being appointed to or holding any civil or judicial office or post, or from entering or assuming or carrying on any civil profession or vocation". The Act did provide employment opportunities for individual women and many were appointed as magistrates, but in practice it fell far short of the expectations of the women's movement. Senior positions in the civil service were still closed to women and they could be excluded from juries if evidence was likely to be too "sensitive".[29]
No month specified[edit]
- Isle of Man: Under the House of Keys Election (amendment) Act 1919, women were granted universal suffrage.[30]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Electoral Insight". Elections Canada Online. 2010-06-14. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ "Women Get the Vote 1916-1919". Canada: A Country by Consent. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "The murder of Rosa Luxemburg". Socialism.in. 16 January 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Europe". Women Suffrage and Beyond. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party". Library of Congress. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ Papuashvili, George (March 2012). "A Retrospective on the 1921 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia" (PDF). Engage. 13 (1): 99–104. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ↑ Məmmədoğlu, Mirzə (25 September 2017). "Akakli Xvadagiani. Qarayazı anası – Pərixanım Sofiyeva". TurkInfo.org (in Azerbaijani). Baku, Azerbaijan: Türk Dünyası İnfo. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Dunbar, William (8 March 2018). "The world's first democratically elected Muslim woman was from Georgia". EurasiaNet. New York, New York: Harriman Institute, Columbia University. Archived from the original on 1 December 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ↑ Bauer-Manhart, Ingeborg (2010). "Suffrage "indiscriminate of sex" - Commemoration and Reflection". wien.gv.at. Vienna, Austria: Vienna City Administration. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 1 December 2018.
- ↑ Sulkunen, Irma; Nevala-Nurmi, Seija-L eena; Markkola, Pirjo, eds. (2009). Suffrage, Gender and Citizenship: international perspectives on parliamentary reforms. Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars. pp. 242–243. ISBN 978-1-4438-0162-1. Search this book on
- ↑ Martinez, Victoria (3 September 2018). "How Swedish women won the right to vote". The Local. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "1919: Congress passes the 19th Amendment". History. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "100th Anniversary of Women's Suffrage in Michigan". Michigan House: Democrats. 10 April 2018. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ Badalyan, Lena (5 December 2018). "Women's Suffrage: The Armenian Formula". Chai Khana. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "History of Azerbaijani and US women's rights to vote discussed at US Congress Library". Today.Az. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ "Women's right to vote – for the first time on the East". Azerbaijan. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ From Grolier (1920-08-26). "History of Women's Suffrage | Scholastic.com". Teacher.scholastic.com. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ "Weimar Constitution adopted in Germany". History. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "Country Report Netherlands". European Database: Women in Decision-making. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ Nwanazia, Chuka (30 October 2018). "The Fight for Women's Suffrage in the Netherlands". Dutch Review. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "Country Report Luxembourg". European Database: Women in Decision-making. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ "Right to vote". Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "Votes for Women". Elections New Zealand. 2005-04-13. Archived from the original on 2012-10-23. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ "Women can stand for Parliament: 29 October 1919". NZ History. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act, 1919". BBC Woman's hour. 30 December 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "BBC Radio 4 – Woman's Hour – Women's History Timeline: 1910 – 1919". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
- ↑ "Nancy Astor: The first lady of British politics". The History Press. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ "Deportation of Emma Goldman as a radical "alien"". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
- ↑ Hannam, June (2012-03-08). "6 trailblazing women in history". BBC History Magazine. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ "Votes for Women!". Tynwald. Retrieved 30 November 2018.
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