Xiangkhouang rebellion (1834)
The Xieng Khouang Rebellion of 1834 or the Phuan Rebellion was an attempt of the people of muang Xieng Khouang against Vietnamese king Minh Mang's domination over the Principality of Muang Phuan in 1834.
During the early 19th century, Laos was fragmented into several kingdoms. The Kingdom of Vientiane was tributary to both Siam and Vietnam, and Muang Phuan was a tributary state of Vientiane. In 1814, king Chao Anou (r. 1805–1828) of Vientiane arrested the incumbent ruler of Muang Phuan Chao Noi (r. 1803–1831), and imprisoned him for three years. This decision antagonized Chao Anou, making him an immortal enemy of Chao Noi.[1]
In early 1827, Chao Anou launched a large-scale rebellion against the Siamese.[2] He was, however, defeated and fled to Vietnam, while the capital Vientiane was captured by the Siamese.[3] In August 1828, Chao Anou, fostered by Minh Mang's guards, returned to Vientiane. He instigated a second revolt against Siamese occupants.[4] The Siamese mounted counterattack on Vientiane, razing the city, and chased Chao Anou through Xiengkhouang Plateau where Chao Anou was compromised and captured by Chao Noi, who then revengeful delivered him to the Siamese.[1]
The Vietnamese ruler, considered a nominal ally of Chao Anou, just intended in expanding his sphere of influence over Laos, and did nothing to aid Vientiane. In 1831, Minh Mang sent troops into Muang Phuan, arresting Chao Noi and proceeding to have him executed in Hue City under the pretext of betraying his master. In 1832, Minh Mang annexed the territory of Muang Phuan and established the prefecture of Trấn Ninh. The Phuan people were forced upon Vietnamese attires, languages, and customs aggressively.[5]
In 1834, the people of Xieng Khouang revolted.[6] The revolt was put down brutally, and the Vietnamese unleashed terror and depopulated the whole kingdom, whose many of its people endeavored to seek asylum in Siam. About 6,000 Phuan crossed the Mekong but soon realized they would be deported by the Siamese authorities to Bangkok while around 3,000 trying to return. Most of the returners perished and some witnessed their homeland being a deserted barren land, patrolled by Vietnamese troops.[7]
Another Muang Phuan uprising occurred in 1855, during the reign of Minh Mang's grandson Tu Duc, resulting in Vietnamese control over Xieng Khouang diminished.[8] The eldest son of Chao Noi was enfeoffed King of Xieng Khouang with the title Imperial Mandatory Prince by Tu Duc. Muang Phuan's suzerainty was quickly asserted by Chao Tiantharath (r. 1850–1868), ruler of Kingdom of Luang Prabang. His claim met little concern from Tu Duc, who was dealing with his own series of troubles in Vietnam.[9]
Footnotes[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Simms 2013, p. 140.
- ↑ Simms 2013, p. 136.
- ↑ Simms 2013, p. 137.
- ↑ Simms 2013, p. 139.
- ↑ Simms 2013, p. 142.
- ↑ Simms 2013, p. 145.
- ↑ Simms 2013, p. 146.
- ↑ Simms 2013, p. 148.
- ↑ Simms 2013, p. 149.
References[edit]
- Simms, Sanda (2013). The Kingdoms of Laos: Six Hundred Years of History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13686-337-0. Search this book on
See also[edit]
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