Zivan Živanović
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Živan Živanović (Zivkovci, 26 October 1852 - Belgrade, 17 May 1931) was a Serbian politician and publicist.
Biography[edit]
Živan Živanović was the grandson of the Kačer prince (county in the mining district) Živan Stojanović, a participant in the First and Second Serbian Uprising, remained famous for leading the Kačer insurgents at the battle of Čačak in 1815. He later successfully traded in leather and other animal products. Živan's father, Marinko, is one of the first literate people in Kačer. He was a clerk in the court of the municipality of Živkovac, a merchant and a painter. After moving to Aranđelovac around 1857, he became a correspondent for Srpske novine, for which he wrote about the events in the place. Marinko was a rarely enlightened man with, for that time, a rich personal library. After finishing primary school in Aranđelovac, Živan Živanović went to Belgrade on foot with his father in 1865 to enroll in high school there. After four days of walking, the father placed him with his cousin, gave him a ducat and a few pennies, and left him to take care of himself. To provide for himself, Živan had to get a job as part of the service of the home of Janko Šafarik, a member of the Serbian Academic Society. Hardworking and conscientious in household chores, and at the same time an excellent student, Živan was quickly accepted and liked by all members of the family, and especially by old Šafarik, who became both his guardian and teacher. [1]
After graduating from high school in Belgrade and a teacher's school in Kragujevac (1873), he studied as a state cadet of natural sciences in Jena. He interrupted his studies due to his participation in the First Serbian-Turkish War in 1876, for which he volunteered. He also fought in the Second Serbian-Turkish War again as a volunteer.
He finished his education in Berlin (1879) and then served in the education profession in Veliko Gradište, Niš, Pirot and Belgrade.
He began his publicist work in the Public in 1873, to cooperate more and more intensively in the newspapers of the Liberal Party: East, Serbian Independence, Constitutionality, New Independence and Serbian Flag, whose editor-in-chief he was in 1895-1898.
With his work, he attracted the attention of Jovan Ristic, to whom he remained attached for the rest of his life. He first entered the National Assembly as a member of the Liberal Party in 1887 and participated in its work in 1890-93. and was its president for a short time. He was a secretary in the Constituent Board, in which he participated in the drafting of the famous Constitution from 1888. He was a member of the State Council (1892, 1903, 1907-24), Minister of Economy in the government of Vladan Djordjević (1899-1903) and Minister of Education in the government of Dimitrije Cincar-Marković in 1903. In 1903 he retired from political life.
He was married to Jelena Dimitrijević, the sister of Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis, with whom he had five children: Stanislav, Mileva, Aleksandar, Milica and Milan. Together with them in the family house in Savska Street no. 21 lived his brother-in-law and mother-in-law Jovanka. Stanislava was married to Lieutenant Colonel Aleksandar Glišić, who died heroically in the Battle of Kumanovo. The eldest son, Aleksandar, was the first victim of the Balkan Wars - he died on the first day of the war in the first battle on October 18, 1912, at the Lisica watchtower near Medvedja, as a Chetnik in Ljubo Vulović's company. [5] The younger son, Milan, became a doctor of historical sciences and the author of several valuable books, including Colonel Dragutin Dimitrijević, Thessaloniki Process 1917, "Dubrovnik in the Struggle for Unification 1908-1918", "Bibliography of the Serbian Literary Association I-II" (1892-1967 and 1968-1982).
Živan Živanović died on 17 May 1931, after a short illness at the age of 79.
Balkan wars[edit]
He was one of the organizers and leaders of the comita (Chetnik) organization in the south of Old Serbia (now North Macedonia. He was too old to take part in the Balkan Wars, but his house gave two lives for the liberation of Raška, Kosovo, Metohija and Macedonia from the Turks: the eldest son Aleksandar Sanja Živanović, an architecture student at the Technical Faculty and the son-in-law of the Seventh Infantry Regiment Aleksandar M. Glišić, who died at Mlado Nagoričane and with his great sacrifice contributed to the victory in the decisive Battle of Kumanovo. [2]
First World War[edit]
In the First World War, the State Council was moved to Kruševac. Although German troops entered the city on October 25, 1915, and were later replaced by Austro-Hungarians, taking entire families with children to camps, Živan Živanović was spared until 9 July 1916. He was then suddenly arrested and taken to Belgrade. At the age of 64, he spent the night on a bench in the corridor of the Austro-Hungarian Governor (former building of the Administration of Funds, today the National Museum), and the next day, in the heat, he was escorted on foot to Zemun and from there by train to the camp in Nezider in Austria-Hungary ). He remained there until October 26, 1918. [3]
Literary activity[edit]
He wrote a large number of political and pedagogical treatises, as well as many works from the natural sciences. His books were published: Niš and Niš sights, 1882; Seer Wizard of 1882 and 1887; Education in Secondary Schools, 1891; Task of Serbia, 1894; Enlightenment Letters, 1897; Political History of Serbia 1-4, 1923-1924; Memoirs of Stevan-Stevče Mihailović, 1928; biography of Jovana Ris
References[edit]
- Translated and adapted from Serbian Wikipedia: https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B
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