Battle of Turkmen Sahra
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| Battle of Turkmen Sahara | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Persian Constitutional Revolution | |||||
 Heads of Turkoman chiefs, stuffed with straw and brought to Tehran, 1911 | |||||
| |||||
| Belligerents | |||||
|
Mujahideen of Esterabad Ghezelsofloo tribe | Turkmens | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
|
Sardar Rafie Yanehsari Abbas Khan Ghezelsofloo |
Arsalan Khan † Murad Khan Turkmen † | ||||
| Strength | |||||
| 234 | 217 | ||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||
| 11[1] |
217[2]
| ||||
The Battle of Turkmen Sahra (Persian: نبرد ترکمن صحرا) was the last major battle of the Persian Constitutional Revolution. The victory of the Mujahideen of Esterabad in this battle defeated the bandit Turkmen. The severity of their defeat was such that they never again plundered the villages of northeastern Iran.[3] The battle lasted for two days, beginning with the advance of the Turkmen and ending with their defeat in the Turkmen Sahra. Several Turkmen leaders were captured beheaded. The battle ended on March 10 with the defeat of the Turkmen. Eleven mujahideen were killed, while all Turkmen forces were killed, wounded or captured.
Invasion of Esterabad[edit]
The Turkmen lived in Turkmen Sahra.[4] Prior to the Qajar era, the Turkmen did not attack the Iranian villages due to the presence of the Ghezelsofloo and Ghezelbash tribes. During the reign of Mohammad Shah, these tribes were forced to migrate to Bojnourd, allowing Turkmen to plunder northeastern Iran.[5][not in citation given] In 1907, Sardar Rafie Yanehsari, who ruled Esterabad and its surroundings, confronted the Turkmen. Sardar Rafie met with Abbas Khan, the head of the Ghezelsofloo tribe, and urged him to come to Esterabad to fight the Turkmen. In order to maintain their power, the Turkmen invaded and looted Estrabad. Sardar Rafie repelled the Turkmen in Esterabad and then chased them off with the help of Abbas Khan.
Battle[edit]
Eventually Sardar Rafie and his forces clashed with the Turkmen in Turkmen Sahra. The Turkmen were much weaker than their rivals. The Turkmens were strong in guerrilla warfare, but Turkmen Sahra offered no place to hide and the Turkmen had to face the Mujahideen head-on. In less than an hour, twelve Turkmen were killed and forced to retreat. The Mujahideen camped there. The next day the Turkmen attacked again, but gained no ground. The main battle took place on the last day. The Mujahideen besieged the Turkmen and the Turkmen surrendered after two hours of fighting. The leaders of the Turkmen forces were executed immediately. Their severed heads were then filled with grass.
Aftermath[edit]
The result was a complete defeat for the Turkmen. Their looting ended. Sardar Rafie was appointed to reign over Hazarajib and Asrabad, receiving the title of Shahir ol-Malik. The Turkmen Sahra Battle was the last major battle of the Constitutional Revolution.[6][7]
References[edit]
- ↑ Moghtader, Gholam-Hussein(2008). Russia in the Constitutional Revolution. Donyaye Ketab
- ↑ Moghtader, Gholam-Hussein(2008). Russia in the Constitutional Revolution. Donyaye Ketab
- ↑ "Abbas Amanat | Department of History | Yale University". web.archive.org. 2009-04-28. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
- ↑ "نظري گذرا به سرگذشت 200 سال گذشته ي ترکمنصحرا و وظيفه ي امروزي روشنفکران و نيروهاي سياسي مّلت ترکمن". بانوی ترکمن (in فارسی). Retrieved 2019-10-11.
- ↑ "قاجاریه - محمد شاه سومین شاه قاجار و کور کردن برادرانش در آغاز سلطنت". ghaziha.kateban.com. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
- ↑ "مازندنومه :بازخوانی سندی از امیر مؤید سوادکوهی". www.mazandnume.com. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
- ↑ "هوارد باسکرویل و عقاید و زندگی عجیب | امریکایی ایران دوست". ایران تراول (in فارسی). 2019-04-27. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
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