Bhutan–Brazil relations
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Bhutan–Brazil relations refers to interstate relations between the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Federative Republic of Brazil. The diplomatic relationship was formally initiated on 21 September 2009. Brazil was the first country in South America with which Bhutan has established diplomatic relations.[1][2]
The agreement that established diplomatic relations between Bhutan and Brazil was signed in New York City by the Foreign Minister of Bhutan Lyonpo Ugyen Tshering and the then-Minister of External Relations of Brazil Celso Amorim in English, Portuguese and Dzongkha. The statement expressed wish on behalf of both parties for cooperation on socioeconomical issues and a deepening of their relationship at multilateral fora like the United Nations.[1]
In 2012, diplomat Carlos Sérgio Sobral Duarte was designated Brazil's ambassador to Bhutan.[3] Until 2010, Bhutan had no ambassador to Brazil.[4]
Cooperation[edit]
As part of Brazil's interest in adopting Bhutan's Gross National Happiness (GNH) index model,[1][5] the Centre for Bhutan Studies, along with the Brazilian NGO Future Vision Institute held the 5th International Conference on Gross National Happiness in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, from 20 to 24 November 2009.[6][7]
In 2012, Bhutan's prime minister Jigme Thinley also further promoted the concept of Gross National Happiness while in Brazil for the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro.[8]
Tourism[edit]
Prior to the establishment of formal relations between the two countries, access to Bhutan by Brazilian citizens could only be done with possession of a Laissez-Passer document, issued by the Federal Police of Brazil.[9] There are no direct flights from Brazil to Bhutan, requiring tourists to make connections from neighbouring countries such as India, Nepal, Bangladesh or Thailand.[10]
Trade[edit]
Trade between the two countries is minimal and in some years even non-existent. It is centered mostly around plastic (80%) and iron-related products (15%). In 2011, Bhutan ranked 236th among Brazil's trade partners, having a 0% participation in Brazilian foreign trade. Between 2007 and 2011, the trade balance favoured the Bhutanese. The only recorded export from Brazil to Bhutan was of vegetable gum in 2007.[11]
| Description | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2011 (jan-jul) | 2012 (jan-jul) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brazilian exports to Bhutan | 46.8 | 0.7 | 35.9 | 28.3 | 18.9 | — | — | — | — | — | 81.7 |
| Bhutanese exports to Brazil | — | 124.5 | — | — | 58.4 | 58.0 | — | — | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.35 |
| Total trade | 48.8 | 125.3 | 35.9 | 28.3 | 77.3 | 58.0 | — | — | 0.16 | 0.16 | 82.05 |
See also[edit]
Others articles of the Topic Politics : Frank Blackburn, Ewald Max Hoyer, Social Activist, New York's congressional districts, Anan Foundation, Incumbent, Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Bhutan establishes diplomatic relations with Brazil". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bhutan. 2009-09-23. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2012-01-23. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Comunicado Conjunto sobre o estabelecimento de relações diplomáticas entre o Brasil e o Butão - Nova York, 21 de setembro de 2009". Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese). 2009-09-21. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2012-01-23. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "Ambassadors present credentials to His Majesty". BBS. April 3, 2012. Retrieved September 18, 2013.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Butão" (in Portuguese). Ministry of External Relations of Brazil. April 2010. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2013. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "Brazil to 'import' happiness from Bhutan". The Times of India. 2008-11-30. Retrieved 2013-09-14.
- ↑ "Putting the Science of Happiness Into Practice". Yes! Magazine. 2009-12-06. Archived from the original on 2014-03-10. Retrieved 2013-09-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Gross National Happiness in Practice". Felicidade Interna Bruta (FIB) na Prática. Archived from the original on 2013-08-23. Retrieved 2013-09-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Bhutan PM promotes link between happiness and sustainability at Rio +20". United Nations Radio. 2012-06-21. Retrieved 2013-09-14.
- ↑ "Laissez-Passer" (in Portuguese). Departamento de Polícia Federal. Archived from the original on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2013-09-15. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) - ↑ "Butão - Como chegar" (in Portuguese). UOL. Archived from the original on 2013-09-05. Retrieved 2013-09-18. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) - ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Dados básicos e principais indicadores econômico-comerciais – Butão" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Ministry of External Relations of Brazil/BrasilGlobalNet. August 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-04-26. Retrieved 2013-09-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
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