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Bibi Maham Khadija bint Musa Kazim

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Khadijah Al-Maham
خَدِيجَة ٱلْماهَم
Title
  • Bibi Maham
    (lit. Lady Moonlight)
  • Medinay Wali Bibi
    (lit. The Lady of Medinah)
Other namesBibi Maham
Personal
Born
Khadijah bint Musa

Diedc. 170 AH
Cause of deathPoisoning by Banu Tameem on orders of Harun Al-Rashid
Resting placeDarbar Bibi Maham, Agham Kot, Pakistan
25°13′52.5972″N 68°46′28.4088″E / 25.231277000°N 68.774558000°E / 25.231277000; 68.774558000
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ReligionIslam
Parents
Relatives

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Khadija bint Musa Al-Kazim(Arabic: خَدِيجَة بِنْت مُوسَىٰ ٱلْكَاظِم, romanized: Khadīja bint Mūsā al-Kāẓim), commonly known as Bibi Maham(Urdu: بی بی ماہم romanized: Bībī Māham) is one of the eighteen daughters of the seventh Shi'ite Imam Musa Al-Kazim,[1] the word "Bibi Maham" translates to "Lady Moonlight"[2] and is believed to be given by the people of Agham Kot when she came to the land of Sindh. "Medinay Wali Bibi" (English: The Lady of Medinah) is a another title by which the locals knew and still know her by.[3] Bibi Maham Khadija bint Musa Kazim's grave is located in Agham Kot, a rural area of Sindh, over which a shrine has been built.

Background & History of Bibi Maham[edit]

Bibi Maham Khadija bint Musa Kazim being the daughter of Imam Musa Kazim is a part of Ahl Al-Bayt–Prophet Mohammad's Household.[4] During the Abbasid caliphate Ahl Al-Bayt suffered much and were always the target of Abbasid oppression, Bibi's father and his followers were subjected to imprisonment and torture, and were under constant surveillance by the agents of caliphs.[5] After the murder of Imam Musa Kazim, at the hands of Harun Al-Rashid,[6] the imamate was transferred to his son Ali Al-Reza.[6] The persecution of the descendants of Ali bin Abi Talib did not stop at the murder of Bibi Maham's father but only grew more severe during the imamate of her brother, Imam Ali Al-Reza, and soon he too was poisoned and killed by the then caliph Mamun Al-Rashid.[7] As a result of such maltreatment and torment, Hashemites at the time were forced to migrate to far-off regions.[8] Whilst most siblings, like Bibi Masoumeh Qum, migrated to Faris(modern day Iran),[9] and some, like Bibi Heybat, migrated to Azerbaijan,[8] Bibi Maham migrated to the Sindh region where she spent her last days.[3][10] Like the rest of her seventeen sisters, Bibi Khadija bint Imam Musa Kazim could not get married as well because of the mass murder and imprisonment of the male descendants of Prophet Mohammad, because only a Syed(those from the lineage of Prophet Mohammad) male marry a Syed female.[11]

In Sindh: Life & Death[edit]

Deduced from her gravestone's inscription, Bibi Maham's arrival in Indian Subcontinent is estimated to be somewhere between 128 A.H and 170 A.H(745 CE and 786 CE) .[12] Bibi Maham Khadija on the orders of her father journeyed, for a safe haven, towards the land of Sindh until she reached Agham Kot[3] which, like the city of Thatta, was the center of Sindhi civilization at the time.[10] Abbasid caliphate in pursuit of the children of Imam Musa Kazim sent an army comprised of Clan of Tameem to capture and eventually murder the caravan.[3] Due to the danger that the forces of Banu Tameem posed the name of Bibi Khadija bint Imam Musa Kazim was kept hidden by the local devotees and the lady was referred to as "Bibi Maham" or "The Lady who shone bright like the full-moon". But Abbasid-sent-Banu-Tameem soon found out about the lady and her convoy and, like her father, Bibi Maham and the group that accompanied her were too poisoned.[3]

Holy Shrine[edit]

The grave of Bibi Maham was discovered, not long ago, in 2002 by historians and a shrine was built upon it in 2009. In 2010, historical details of the grave were first published in a sindhi editorial called Mahana Parado by its chief editor, Abdul Sattar Dars.[13] The ancient persian inscription on the grave dates it back to 170 A.H which makes it the oldest grave in the ancient Agham Kot graveyard.[12] Since its inception, the grave has been visited by numerous researchers and scholars alike who have verified the discovery.[13]

The Shrine presently consists of burnt bricks and lime plaster, topped with a tier and girder roof. Its dimensions measure 10 meters by 5.5 meters, featuring a south-facing entrance. The tomb located within the Shrine measures 4 meters by 5.5 meters. The courtyard surrounding the Shrine contains four graves, while three additional graves are located within the tomb. Furthermore, the interior of the tomb has been refurbished with contemporary tiles.[14] As of now, Ministry of Awqaf has authenticated the grave and has taken over the shrine with the promise of a bigger shrine to soon be built.

Every year, immediate Sunday following 25th of Rajab(martyrdom of Imam Musa Kazim) mourning and matam ceremonies are held to commemorate the Ahl-e Bayt

References[edit]

  1. "Chapter 15: The Imam's Children". www.al-islam.org. 2018-01-18. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  2. "Maham Name Meaning in Urdu - ماہم, Muslim Girl Name Maham". hamariweb.com. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Tomb of Maham Bibi daughter of Imam Musa Kazim (as) - Molana Hasan Zafar Naqvi, retrieved 2023-03-02
  4. Mufid (1981). Al-Irshad. 2. Tahrike Tarsile Qurʼan. p. 244. ISBN 9780940368125. Search this book on
  5. "Part C: Persecution of the Shia by the Abbasid kings". www.al-islam.org. 2015-10-04. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  6. 6.0 6.1 Al-Tusi (953). Kitab Al-Ghaybah Al-Tusi (in Arabic). ISBN 9789642192878.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on
  7. Tabatabai, Muhammad Husayn (1975). Shi'ite Islam. State University of New York Press: Published and Edited by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. ISBN 0-87395-390-8. Search this book on
  8. 8.0 8.1 Bibi Heybat | Bibi Haibat | Daughter of Imam Musa Kazim (a) | The Lost Legends | Abu Talib Rizvi, retrieved 2023-03-02
  9. "Migration of Lady Fatima Al-Ma'sumah to Qum". www.al-islam.org. 2018-03-13. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  10. 10.0 10.1 "Agham Kot — a forgotten archaeological site of Sindh". Daily Times. 2018-10-11. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
  11. Al-Kulayni (941). Al-Kafi. 1. Nuansa Cendekia. p. 317. ISBN 9786026297648. Search this book on
  12. 12.0 12.1 Mansoor, Hasan (2015-08-15). "Footprints: Mysterious Agham Kot". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2023-03-02.
  13. 13.0 13.1 How To Bibi Khadija's Shrine Was Discovered In Sindh | Daughter Of Imam Musa Kazim | Maham Bibi, retrieved 2023-03-03
  14. "Dargah Bibi Maham at Agham Kot". Yasmeen & Suhail Lari Archive. Retrieved 2023-03-03.


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