Czech exonyms
From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times. Note that a large number of the names on the list below are archaic, no longer in use in contemporary Czech.
Exonyms should not be confused with romanization, i.e., transliteration of names using a different script into a variant of the Latin alphabet according to a given set of rules. The Czech language usually employs different romanization systems than English (for example, the standard Czech romanization of the Chinese name 青岛 is Čching-tao, as opposed to its Hanyu Pinyin transliteration Qīngdǎo or to Wade–Giles Ch'ing-tao).
| Language | English or native name | Czech exonym |
|---|---|---|
 Albania Albánie
| ||
| Albanian | Berat | Albánský Bělehrad |
| Durrës | Drač | |
| Fushë-Krujë | Krujské Pole | |
| Gjirokastër | Džirokastr | |
| Shkodër | Skadar | |
 Algeria Alžírsko
| ||
| Arabic | الجزائر (al-Jazā'ir/al-Džazá'ir) | Alžír |
| وهران (Wahrān/Wahrán) | Oran | |
 Armenia Arménie
| ||
| Armenian | Էջմիաժին (Echmiadzin) | Ečmiadzin |
| Երեւան (Erevan) | Jerevan | |
 Austria Rakousko[1][nb 1]
| ||
| German | List of Czech exonyms for places in Austria | |
 Azerbaijan Ázerbájdžán
| ||
| Azerbaijani | Bakı | Baku |
 Belarus Bělorusko
| ||
| Belarusian – Russian | Гроднa (Hrodna) – Гроднo (Grodno) | Hrodno |
| Навагрудак (Navahrudak) − Новогрудок (Novogrudok) | Novogrodek | |
| Рэчыца (Rechytsa/Rečyca) – Речица (Rechitsa/Rečica) | Řečice | |
| Заслаўе (Zaslawye/Zaslauje) − Заславль (Zaslavl') | Zaslav, Záslaví | |
 Belgium Belgie
| ||
| French – Dutch | Anvers – Antwerpen | Antverpy |
| Bruges – Brugge | Bruggy | |
| Bruxelles – Brussel | Brusel | |
| Louvain – Leuven | Lovaň | |
| Liège – Luik | Lutych | |
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosna a Hercegovina
| ||
| Bosnian | Bihać | Bihač |
 Bulgaria Bulharsko
| ||
| Bulgarian | София (Sofiya) | Sofie |
| Търговище (Tǎrgovište) | Trhoviště | |
 China Čína
| ||
| Mandarin Chinese – Uyghur | 北京 (Běijīng/Pej-ťing) | Peking |
| 广州 (Guǎngzhōu/Kuang-čou) | Kanton | |
| 哈尔滨 (Hārbīn/Cha-er-pin) | Charbin | |
| 喀什 (Kāshí/Kcha-š') – قەشقەر (Qeshqer/Kešker) | Kašgar | |
| 南京 (Nánjīng/Nan-ťing) | Nanking | |
| 莎车 (Shāchē/Ša-čche) – يەكەن (Yeken/Jeken) | Jarkand | |
| 上海 (Shànghǎi/Šang-chaj) | Šanghaj | |
 Croatia Chorvatsko
| ||
| Croatian | Dubrovnik | Dubrovník |
| Makarska | Makarská | |
| Slavonski Brod | Slavonský Brod | |
| Šibenik | Šibeník | |
| Varaždin | Varaždín | |
| Zagreb | Záhřeb | |
 Cuba Kuba
| ||
| Spanish | La Habana | Havana |
 Cyprus Kypr
| ||
| Greek – Turkish | Λευκωσία (Lefkosía/Lefkósia) – Lefkoşa | Nikósie |
 Denmark Dánsko
| ||
| Danish | København | Kodaň |
 Egypt Egypt
| ||
| Arabic | الإسكندرية (al-Iskandariyya/al-Iskandaríja) | Alexandrie |
| Cairo | Káhira | |
| الغردقة (al-Ghardaqah/al-Ghardaka) | Hurghada | |
| الأقصر (al-Uqṣur/al-Uksur) | Luxor | |
| السويس (as-Suways/as-Suwajs) | Suez | |
 Estonia Estonsko
| ||
| Estonian | Pärnu | Pernava |
| Viljandi | Vilín | |
 Finland Finsko
| ||
| Finnish – Swedish | Helsinki – Helsingfors | Helsinky |
 France Francie
| ||
| French | Crécy-en-Ponthieu | Kresčak |
| Lourdes | Lurdy | |
| Metz | Mety | |
| Paris | Paříž | |
| Reims | Remeš | |
| Strasbourg | Štrasburk | |
 Ghana Ghana
| ||
| English | Accra | Akkra |
 Germany Německo[1][nb 2]
| ||
| German | List of Czech exonyms for places in Germany | |
 Greece Řecko
| ||
| Greek | Αθήνα (Athína/Athina) | Athény |
| Κέρκυρα (Kérkyra/Kerkyra) | Korfu | |
| Κόρινθος (Kórinthos/Korinthos) | Korint | |
| Ιωάννινα (Ioánnina/Ióannina) | Janina | |
| Πειραιάς (Peiraiás/Piraeus) | Pireus | |
| Θεσσαλονίκη (Thessaloníki/Thessaloniki) | Soluň | |
| Θήβα (Thíva/Thiva) | Théby | |
 Hungary Maďarsko[nb 3]
| ||
| Hungarian | Budapest, Buda | Budapešť, Budín |
| Debrecen | Debrecín | |
| Dunaújváros | Dunajské Nové Město | |
| Esztergom | Ostřihom | |
| Gödöllő | Jedlová | |
| Győr | Ráb | |
| Kisvárda | Malý Varadín | |
| Miskolc | Miškovec | |
| Mohács | Moháč | |
| Mosonmagyaróvár | Uherské Staré Hrady | |
| Nagykanizsa | Velká Kaniža | |
| Pécs | Pětikostelí | |
| Salgótarján | Šalgov-Tarjany | |
| Sopron | Šoproň | |
| Szeged | Segedín | |
| Székesfehérvár | Stoličný Bělehrad | |
| Szombathely | Kamenec | |
| Vác | Vacov | |
 India Indie
| ||
| Gujarati – English | અમદાવાદ (Amdāvād/Amdávád) – Ahmedabad | Ahmadábád |
| Bengali | কলকাতা (Kolkata) | Kalkata |
| Marathi – English | मुंबई (Mumbaī/Mumbaí) – Mumbai | Bombaj |
| Hindi – English | नई दिल्ली (Naī Dillī/Naí Dillí) – New Delhi | Nové Dillí |
| बनारस (Banāras/Banáras) – Varanasi | Varanásí | |
 Israel Izrael
| ||
| Hebrew – Arabic | חיפה (Heifa/Chejfa) – حيفا (Ḥayfā/Chajfá) | Haifa |
| יפו (Yafo/Jafo) - ݐافا (Yāfā/Yáfá) | Jaffa | |
| ירושלים (Yerushaláyim/Jerušalajim) – القُدس (al-Quds/al-Kuds) | Jeruzalém | |
| נצרת (Natzrát/Nacrat) – الناصرة (an-Nāsira/an-Násira) | Nazaret | |
| טבריה (Tverya/Tverja) – طبرية (Ṭabariyyah/Tabarija) | Tiberias | |
 Iraq Irák
| ||
| Arabic – Kurdish | الموصل (al-Mawsil/al-Mausíl) – Mûsil | Mosul |
 Italy Itálie[1][nb 4]
| ||
| Italian | Bologna | Boloňa |
| Catania | Katánie | |
| Florence (Italian: Firenze) | Florencie | |
| Genoa (Genova) | Janov | |
| Gorizia | Gorice | |
| Milan (Milano) | Milán | |
| Naples (Napoli) | Neapol | |
| Pompeii | Pompeje | |
| Rome (Roma) | Řím | |
| Syracuse (Siracusa) | Syrakusy | |
| Taranto | Tarent | |
| Turin (Torino) | Turín | |
| Trento | Trident | |
| Trieste | Terst | |
| Venice (Venezia) | Benátky | |
 Ivory Coast Pobřeží slonoviny
| ||
| French | Abidjan | Abidžan |
 Japan Japonsko
| ||
| Japanese | 東京 (Tōkyō/Tókjó) | Tokio |
 Laos Laos
| ||
| Lao | ວຽງຈັນ (Viang-chan/?) | Vientiane |
 Latvia Lotyšsko
| ||
| Latvian | Cēsis | Venden |
| Daugavpils | Dvinohrad | |
| Liepāja | Libava | |
| Rēzekne | Režica | |
| Ventspils | Vindava | |
 Lebanon Libanon
| ||
| Arabic – French | بيروت (Bayrūt/Bajrút) – Beyrouth | Bejrút |
 Libya Libye
| ||
| Arabic | طرابلس (Ṭarābulus/Tarábulus) | Tripolis |
 Lithuania Litva
| ||
| Lithuanian | Alytus | Olita |
| Jonava | Janovo | |
| Kaunas | Kovno | |
| Klaipėda | Klajpeda | |
| Panevėžys | Panevézy, Ponevěž | |
| Šiauliai | Šavli | |
| Trakai | Troky | |
| Vilnius | Vilno | |
 Luxembourg Lucembursko
| ||
| German | Diekirch | Kostelec |
| Luxemburg | Lucemburk | |
 Moldova Moldavsko
| ||
| Romanian | Bălți | Bělce |
| Chișinău | Kišiněv | |
 Montenegro Černá Hora
| ||
| Montenegrin | Nikšić | Nikšič |
 Morocco Maroko
| ||
| Arabic | فاس (Fās/Fás) | Fez |
| مكناس (Maknās/Maknás) | Meknes | |
| مراكش (Murrākush/Murrákuš) | Marrákeš | |
| وجدة (Wajda/Wadžda) | Udžda | |
| طنجة (Ṭanja/Tandža) | Tanger | |
 Pakistan Pákistán
| ||
| Urdu – English | کوئٹہ (Quetta/Kvetta) – Quetta | Kvéta |
 Palestine Palestina
| ||
| Arabic – Hebrew | بيت لحم (Bait Lahm/Bajt Lahm) – בית לחם (Beit Lehem/Bejt Lechem) | Betlém |
| الخليل (al-Khalīl/al-Chalíl) – חברון (Hevron/Chevron) | Hebron | |
| ٲرݐحا (Arīhā/Aríhá) - יריחו (Yeriho) | Jericho | |
| نابلس (Nāblus/Náblus) – שכם (Shkhem/Šchem) | Nábulus | |
| رام الله (Rāmallāh/Rámalláh) | Ramalláh | |
 Poland Polsko
| ||
| Polish | Białogard | Bělehrad |
| Bielsko-Biała | Bílsko-Bělá | |
| Baborów | Bavorov | |
| Bogdanowice | Bohdanovice | |
| Bolesławiec | Boleslav | |
| Brzeg | Břeh | |
| Bydgoszcz | Bydhošť | |
| Bystrzyca Kłodzka | Kladská Bystřice | |
| Chełmno | Chlumno | |
| Chełmża | Chlumže | |
| Chomiąża | Chomýž | |
| Chorzów | Chořov | |
| Częstochowa | Čenstochová | |
| Drezdenko | Drezno | |
| Duszniki Zdrój | Dušníky | |
| Gdańsk | Gdaňsk | |
| Gdynia | Gdyně | |
| Gliwice | Hlivice | |
| Głogów | Hlohov | |
| Głogówek | Horní Hlohov | |
| Głubczyce | Hlubčice | |
| Głuchołazy | Hlucholazy | |
| Gniezno | Hnězdno | |
| Grodków | Hrádek | |
| Gubin | Hubno | |
| Inowrocław | Inovroclav, Mladá Vratislav | |
| Jawor | Javory | |
| Jelenia Góra | Jelení Hora | |
| Katowice | Katovice | |
| Kędzierzyn-Koźle | Kandřín-Kozlí | |
| Kietrz | Ketř | |
| Kłodzko | Kladsko | |
| Kluczbork | Klučborek | |
| Kołobrzeg | Kolobřeh | |
| Koszalin | Kozlín | |
| Kostrzyn nad Odrą | Kostřín | |
| Kraków | Krakov | |
| Krasne Pole | Krásne Loučky | |
| Kudowa-Zdrój | Lázně Chudoba | |
| Lądek-Zdrój | Lázně Landek | |
| Leszno | Lešno | |
| Legnica | Lehnice | |
| Lewice | Levice | |
| Lidzbark Warmiński | Lizberk | |
| Lisięcice | Lištice | |
| Łódź | Lodž | |
| Międzylesie | Mezilesí | |
| Mieroszów | Frýdlant ve Slezsku | |
| Myślibórz | Mysliboř | |
| Nowa Cerekwia | Nová Cerekev | |
| Nowa Ruda | Nová Ruda | |
| Nowy Sącz | Nový Sadec | |
| Nysa | Nisa | |
| Oława | Olava | |
| Oleśnica | Olešnice | |
| Olsztyn | Olštýn | |
| Opawica | Opavice | |
| Opole | Opolí | |
| Oświęcim | Osvětim | |
| Paczków | Pačkov | |
| Pielgrzymów | Pelhřimovy | |
| Poznań | Poznaň | |
| Prudnik | Prudník | |
| Pszczyna | Pština | |
| Racibórz | Ratiboř | |
| Radków | Radkov | |
| Rawicz | Ravič | |
| Rzepin | Řepín | |
| Sandomierz | Sandoměř | |
| Słupsk | Sloup | |
| Sopot | Sopoty | |
| Środa Śląska | Slezská Středa | |
| Stara Lomnica | Stará Lomnice na Kladsku | |
| Strzelin | Střelín | |
| Świdnica | Svidnice | |
| Świnoujście | Svinoústí | |
| Szczecin | Štětín | |
| Szczecinek | Nový Štětín | |
| Szklarska Poręba | Sklářská Poruba | |
| Tarnowskie Góry | Tarnovice | |
| Toruń | Toruň | |
| Wałbrzych | Valbřich | |
| Wambierzyce | Vambeřice | |
| Warsaw (Warszawa) | Varšava | |
| Warta | Varta | |
| Włodzienin | Vladěnín | |
| Wojnowice | Vojanovice | |
| Wolin | Volyň | |
| Wrocław | Vratislav | |
| Żagań | Zaháň | |
| Żary | Žarov | |
| Zgorzelec | Zhořelec | |
| Ziębice | Minstrberk | |
| Zielona Góra | Zelená Hora | |
| Złoty Stok | Rychleby | |
 Portugal Portugalsko
| ||
| Portuguese | Lisbon (Lisboa) | Lisabon |
 Romania Rumunsko
| ||
| Romanian | Alba Iulia | Karlovský Bělehrad |
| Baia Mare | Velký Důl | |
| Baia Nouă | Nové Doly | |
| Berzasca | Berzáska | |
| Bistrița | Bystřice | |
| Botoșani | Botušany | |
| Bozovici | Božovice | |
| Brașov | Brašov | |
| Bucharest (București) | Bukurešť | |
| Cluj-Napoca | Kluž | |
| Constanța | Konstanca | |
| Craiova | Krajova | |
| Eșelnița | Ješelnice | |
| Galați | Galac | |
| Iablanița | Jablonice | |
| Iași | Jasy | |
| Liubcova | Lubková | |
| Oradea | Velký Varadín | |
| Oravița | Oravice | |
| Orșova | Oršava | |
| Piatra Neamț | Moldavský Kamenec | |
| Pitești | Pitešť | |
| Ploiești | Ploješť | |
| Reșița | Rešice | |
| Satu Mare | Velká Vesnice | |
| Sibiu | Sibiň | |
| Sighetu Marmației | Marmarošská Sihoť | |
| Sighișoara | Segešvár, Šigišov | |
| Șopotu Nou | Bušava | |
| Suceava | Sučava | |
| Svinița | Svinice | |
| Târgoviște | Trhoviště | |
| Timișoara | Temešvár | |
| Tulcea | Tulča | |
 Russia Rusko
| ||
| Russian | Калининград (Kaliningrad) | Kaliningrad, Královec |
| Москва (Moscow) | Moskva | |
| Орёл (Oryol) | Orel | |
| (Sankt Peterburg) | Petrohrad | |
| Советск (Sovetsk) | Sovětsk/Tylže | |
 Saudi Arabia Saúdská Arábie
| ||
| Arabic | المدينة المنورة (al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah/al-Madína al-Munawwara) | Medína |
| مكة (Makkah/Makka) | Mekka | |
 Serbia Srbsko
| ||
| Serbian | Београд, Beograd | Bělehrad |
| Петроварадин, Petrovaradin | Petrovaradín | |
| Сремски Карловци, Sremski Karlovci | Sremské Karlovce | |
 Slovenia Slovinsko
| ||
| Slovene | Kranj | Kraň |
| Ljubljana | Lublaň | |
 Somalia Somálsko
| ||
| Somali – Arabic | Muqdisho – مقديشو (Maqadīshū/Makadíšú) | Mogadišu |
| Hargaysa – هرجيسا (Harjaisā/Hardžajsá) | Hargeysa | |
 South Africa Jihoafrická republika
| ||
| English – Afrikaans | Cape Town – Kaapstad | Kapské Město |
 Spain Španělsko
| ||
| Spanish – Catalan | Valencia – València | Valencie |
 Switzerland Švýcarsko
| ||
| German – French | Basel – Bâle | Basilej |
| Genf – Genève | Ženeva | |
| Sankt Gallen – Saint-Gall | Svatý Havel | |
| Sankt Moritz – Saint-Moritz | Svatý Mořic | |
| Zürich – Zurich | Curych | |
 Syria Sýrie
| ||
| Arabic | دمشق (Dimashq/Dimašk) | Damašek |
 Thailand Thajsko
| ||
| Thai | กรุงเทพฯ (Krung Thep) | Bangkok |
 Turkey Turecko
| ||
| Turkish | İstanbul | Istanbul |
| İzmir | Smyrna | |
| İznik | Nikaia | |
 Turkmenistan Turkmenistán
| ||
| Turkmen | Aşgabat | Ašchabad |
 Ukraine Ukrajina
| ||
| Ukrainian | Дніпро (Dnipro) | Dnipro |
| Черкаси (Cherkasy/Čerkasy) | Čerkasy | |
| Чернігів (Chernihiv/Černihiv) | Černigov, Černihov | |
| Чернівці (Chernivtsi/Černivci) | Černovice | |
| Чорнобиль (Chornobyl/Čornobyl) | Černobyl | |
| Харків (Kharkiv/Charkiv) | Charkov | |
| Херсон (Kherson) | Cherson | |
| Хотин (Khotyn/Chotyn) | Chotim | |
| Київ (Kyiv/Kyjiv) | Kyjev | |
| Кременчук (Kremenchuk) | Kremenčuk | |
| Кривий Ріг (Krivyi Rih/Kryvyj Rih) | Krivoj Rog | |
| Львів (Lviv) | Lvov | |
| Новгород-Сіверський (Novhorod-Siverskyi/Novhorod-Siverskyj) | Novgorod Severský | |
| Володимир (Volodymyr) | Volodymyr | |
| Запоріжжя (Zaporizhzhya/Zaporižžja) | Záporoží | |
| Житомир (Zhytomyr) | Žytomyr | |
 United Kingdom Spojené království
| ||
| English | London | Londýn |
 United States Spojené státy americké
| ||
| English | Philadelphia | Filadelfie |
 Uzbekistan Uzbekistán
| ||
| Uzbek | Toshkent | Taškent |
 Vietnam Vietnam
| ||
| Vietnamese | Hà Nội | Hanoj |
| Language | Native name | Czech exonym |
Notes
- ↑ The Czech name "comes from a medieval castle on the Austro-Czech border called Radgos, which is today known as Raabs. The Czechs used the name of the castle for the whole country and called it Rakuš or Rakus, which eventually became Rakousko."[1]
- ↑ "This comes from the Czech adjective němý, which means mute. This term was originally used for all foreigners, as they could not speak Czech, and were thus essentially mute."[1]
- ↑ Uhersko is an archaic name for Hungary.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as Uherské Hradiště and Uherský Brod in Moravia.
- ↑ Vlašsko is an archaic name for Italy.[1] It can still be seen used in places such as the Italian Court (Vlašský dvůr) in Kutná Hora.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "It's all Greek to me". Radio Prague transcript. 18 June 1999. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2011. Unknown parameter
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See also
This article "Czech exonyms" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Czech exonyms. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
