Decentralized Internet of Things
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Decentralized Internet of Things or Decentralized IoT is a modified IoT. It utilizes Fog Computing to handle and balance requests of connected IoT devices in order to reduce loading on the cloud servers, and improve responsiveness for latency-sensitive IoT applications like vital signs monitoring of patients, vehicle-to-vehicle communication of autonomous driving, and critical failure detection of industrial devices that may cause injury and loss of life.[1] Implementation of fog computing in IoT is beneficial for efficient network resource utilization by distributing secondary importance computational process of data to the edge.[2] There are two types of decentralization of IoT as per below:
How Decentralized IoT Different from the Original IoT?[edit]
Original IoT is connected via a mesh network but led by a major head node (centralized controller).[3] The head node decides everything including how a data being created, stored, and transmitted.[4] In short, head node is the final decision maker of its entire IoT system.[5] In contrast, Decentralized IoT break the original IoT system into smaller divisions.[6] The head node authorizes partial decision making power to lower level sub-nodes under mutual agreed policy. [7] The performance and flexibility is greatly improved especially for huge IoT systems with millions of nodes.[8] Decentralized IoT is the product of Blockchain and the Original IoT which serves as the foundation of the Internet-of-Everything that revolutionized how devices connecting with each other.[9]
Significance of Decentralized IoT[edit]
By leveraging lightweight blockchain into IoT, the problem with limited bandwidth[10] and hashing capacity of battery-powered or wireless IoT devices was solved[11] for enhanced cybersecurity, access control[12], web of trust, and system authentication[13]. Decentralized IoT subsequently reduces the size of identity metadata in almost four times and security overhead up to five times.[14] Another experiment shows that, decentralized IoT able to detects up to 99% accuracy even in the presence of 40% adversaries in federated machine learning.[15] Decentralized IoT no more a conceptual idea or solely a theory, as many blockchain-based decentralized IoT platforms have already being developed for real life applications.[16][17][18]
Decentralized IoT Network Security[edit]
Cyberattack identification can be done fast and accurately through early detection and mitigation at the edge nodes with more efficient traffic monitoring and evaluation.[19] The internet world is huge, it took longer and longer time transmitting data from an end to another. Hence, it is good to distribute important task to be processed in the middle points in between ends.
Decentralized IoT Sensor Data Storage[edit]
IoT sensor data stored nearer to the edge nodes for more responsive queries by reducing the data transmission frequency between IoT sensors and core servers at the cloud while maintaining privacy of users by eliminating the trust issues raising during the data exchange mediated by any third party node between cloud and users.[20]
References[edit]
- ↑ Cui, Laizhong; Yang, Shu; Chen, Ziteng; Pan, Yi; Ming, Zhong; Xu, Mingwei (May 2020). "A Decentralized and Trusted Edge Computing Platform for Internet of Things". IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 7 (5): 3910–3922. doi:10.1109/JIOT.2019.2951619. ISSN 2327-4662. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Mocnej, Jozef; Pekar, Adrian; Seah, Winston K.G.; Papcun, Peter; Kajati, Erik; Cupkova, Dominika; Koziorek, Jiri; Zolotova, Iveta (February 2021). "Quality-enabled decentralized IoT architecture with efficient resources utilization". Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 67: 102001. doi:10.1016/j.rcim.2020.102001.
- ↑ Nguyen, Tien-Dung; Huh, Eui-Nam; Jo, Minho (June 2019). "Decentralized and Revised Content-Centric Networking-Based Service Deployment and Discovery Platform in Mobile Edge Computing for IoT Devices". IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 6 (3): 4162–4175. doi:10.1109/JIOT.2018.2875489. ISSN 2327-4662.
- ↑ Xiong, Zehui; Zhang, Yang; Luong, Nguyen Cong; Niyato, Dusit; Wang, Ping; Guizani, Nadra (January 2020). "The Best of Both Worlds: A General Architecture for Data Management in Blockchain-enabled Internet-of-Things". IEEE Network. 34 (1): 166–173. doi:10.1109/MNET.001.1900095. ISSN 1558-156X.
- ↑ Din, Sadia; Paul, Anand; Ahmed, Syed Hassan; Ahmad, Awais; Jeon, Gwanggil (October 2017). "A multi-layer low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy for wireless sensor network". 2017 IEEE 19th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom): 1–6. doi:10.1109/HealthCom.2017.8210770.
- ↑ Alhaizaey, Yousef; Singer, Jeremy; Michala, Anna Lito (June 2021). "Optimizing Task Allocation for Edge Micro-Clusters in Smart Cities". 2021 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM): 341–347. doi:10.1109/WoWMoM51794.2021.00062.
- ↑ Guo, Hongzhi; Liu, Jiajia; Qin, Huiling (January 2018). "Collaborative Mobile Edge Computation Offloading for IoT over Fiber-Wireless Networks". IEEE Network. 32 (1): 66–71. doi:10.1109/MNET.2018.1700139. ISSN 1558-156X.
- ↑ "A survey on machine learning in Internet of Things: Algorithms, strategies, and applications". Internet of Things. 12: 100314. 2020-12-01. doi:10.1016/j.iot.2020.100314. ISSN 2542-6605.
- ↑ Xu, Li Da; Lu, Yang; Li, Ling (July 2021). "Embedding Blockchain Technology Into IoT for Security: A Survey". IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 8 (13): 10452–10473. doi:10.1109/JIOT.2021.3060508. ISSN 2327-4662.
- ↑ Cherupally, Sumanth Reddy; Boga, Srinivas; Podili, Prashanth; Kataoka, Kotaro (January 2021). "Lightweight and Scalable DAG based distributed ledger for verifying IoT data integrity". 2021 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN): 267–272. doi:10.1109/ICOIN50884.2021.9334000.
- ↑ Hiren, Dutta; Department of Information Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.; Parama, Bhaumik; Department of Information Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. (2020). "SURVEY ON SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE FOR INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)". i-manager’s Journal on Software Engineering. 15 (1): 23. doi:10.26634/jse.15.1.17818. ISSN 0973-5151.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Fan, Xinxin; Chai, Qi; Xu, Lei; Guo, Dong (2020-10-06). "DIAM-IoT: A Decentralized Identity and Access Management Framework for Internet of Things". Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Blockchain and Secure Critical Infrastructure. BSCI '20. Taipei, Taiwan: Association for Computing Machinery: 186–191. doi:10.1145/3384943.3409436. ISBN 978-1-4503-7610-5.
- ↑ Durand, Arnaud; Gremaud, Pascal; Pasquier, Jacques (2017-10-22). "Decentralized web of trust and authentication for the internet of things". Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things. IoT '17. Linz, Austria: Association for Computing Machinery: 1–2. doi:10.1145/3131542.3140263. ISBN 978-1-4503-5318-2.
- ↑ Fedrecheski, Geovane; Costa, Laisa C. P.; Afzal, Samira; Rabaey, Jan M.; Lopes, Roseli D.; Zuffo, Marcelo K. (2021-07-21). "A low-overhead approach for self-sovereign identity in IoT". arXiv:2107.10232 [cs].
- ↑ Yadav, Krishna; Gupta, B. B. (January 2021). "Clustering based Rewarding Algorithm to Detect Adversaries in Federated Machine Learning based IoT Environment". 2021 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE): 1–6. doi:10.1109/ICCE50685.2021.9427586.
- ↑ Donnal, John S. (January 2020). "Wattsworth: An Open-Source Platform for Decentralized Sensor Networks". IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 7 (1): 189–196. doi:10.1109/JIOT.2019.2946853. ISSN 2327-4662.
- ↑ Wangsaputra, Nikolas; Catur Candra, Muhammad Zuhri (November 2018). "Cadfort: A Decentralized Internet of Things Platform Based on Kademlia". 2018 5th International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE): 1–5. doi:10.1109/ICODSE.2018.8705912.
- ↑ Zhou, Lijing; Wang, Licheng; Sun, Yiru; Lv, Pin (2018). "BeeKeeper: A Blockchain-Based IoT System With Secure Storage and Homomorphic Computation". IEEE Access. 6: 43472–43488. doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2847632. ISSN 2169-3536.
- ↑ Rathore, Shailendra; Wook Kwon, Byung; Park, Jong Hyuk (2019-10-01). "BlockSecIoTNet: Blockchain-based decentralized security architecture for IoT network". Journal of Network and Computer Applications. 143: 167–177. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2019.06.019. ISSN 1084-8045.
- ↑ Uddin, Md. Ashraf; Stranieri, Andrew; Gondal, Iqbal; Balasubramanian, Venki (March 2020). "Blockchain leveraged decentralized IoT eHealth framework". Internet of Things. 9: 100159. doi:10.1016/j.iot.2020.100159. hdl:1959.17/172574. ISSN 2542-6605.
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