Dok-1 Max
| Combination of | |
|---|---|
| Paracetamol | Analgesics and antipyretics |
| Guaifenesin | Expectorants |
| Phenylephrine | Decongestants |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Marion Biotech Dok-1 Max, others |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Max.html Monograph |
| Routes of administration | Oral |
| ATC code |
|
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Identifiers | |
| E number | {{#property:P628}} |
| ECHA InfoCard | {{#property:P2566}} |
| (verify) | |
Dok-1 Max is a brand of cold medicine manufactured by Marion Biotech Pvt. Ltd.[1] Produced in India, it contains paracetamol, guaifenesin, and phenylephrine hydrochloride.[2] The drug is sold in the form of tablets and syrup and is available as an over-the-counter medication.[2]
Medical uses
Dok-1 Max is used to alleviate symptoms of the common cold, acute respiratory diseases, cough, and nasal inflammation. The recommended dose of the drug (as a syrup) is 10 ml taken 3 to 4 times a day at concentrations of 10 ml for adults over 12 years old, 5 ml for children 6 to 12 years old, and 2.5 ml for those between 2 and 6 years of age.[3]
Pharmacology
Dok-1 Max belongs to the analgesic and antipyretic groups as a paracetamol-based combination drug.[4]
Pharmacodynamics
Paracetamol is an analgesic, antipyretic, and weak anti-inflammatory drug. It affects pain receptors and thermoregulation in the hypothalamus through its inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and blocking of cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2) in the central nervous system. Guaifenesin is an expectorant that reduces the surface tension and viscosity of sputum, thus facilitating its evacuation from the respiratory tract. Phenylephrine hydrochloride has a vasoconstrictive effect and reduces the swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and nasal sinuses.[4]
Pharmacokinetics
Paracetamol is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and reaches the highest plasma concentration 10 to 60 minutes after ingestion. Guaifenesin is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract (25 to 30 minutes after consumption), metabolized in the liver with a half-life of 1 hour, and excreted in the urine in the form of inactive metabolites. Phenylephrine hydrochloride, in oral administration, is the slowest component to be eliminated. It is metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO) during its passage through the intestinal wall and liver, with part of the dose excreted unchanged in the urine.
Adverse effects
Common side effects observed in many cases are headaches, dizziness, rash, nausea, and epigastric pain. Rarer side effects include acute pancreatitis, mydriasis, glaucoma, depression, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, low blood sugar, and difficulty urinating.
In overdoses of Dok-1 Max, diarrhea, gastrointestinal bleeding, psychomotor dysfunction, acute kidney injury, and coma can occur.[4]
History
On December 27, 2022, Dok-1 Max was withdrawn from sale in all pharmacies in Uzbekistan when tampered imports of the drug were found to contain lethal amounts of ethylene glycol, which had resulted in the deaths of 18 children.[5]
References
- ↑ "Dok-1 Maks tabletki". Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Dok-1 Maks". Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ↑ "Dok-1" (in русский). Archived from the original on December 29, 2022.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Dok-1 Maks (sirop)" (in русский). Retrieved December 29, 2022.
- ↑ "«Dok-1 Maks» dorisi tarkibida zaharli modda — etilenglikol topildi". Retrieved December 29, 2022.
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