Flora of Ankara
The flora of Ankara describes the plant life that arose due to and were shaped by factors such as the climate, temperature, and rainfall within Ankara's city borders. Recent records hold that the flora of the city consists of 99 families containing 495 genuses and 1365 species of flowering plants. Twenty two of these species are endemic to Ankara, and 271 (19.85%) to Türkiye.[1]
A majority of Ankara consists of steppes, with the city's altitude ranging from 550-2000 meters above sea level and a climate described as a "semi-arid, very cold Mediterranean climate." The average yearly rainfall ranges 346-564 millimeters, and average yearly temperatures 10.2-13.2 degrees Celsius.[citation needed] The highest areas, and the ones with most rainfall, are located in the northwestern parts of the city surrounding Kızılcahamam. While Western Black Sea Region flora is most common here, at the northern areas of Lake Tuz near Şereflikoçhisar, xerophytic and halophytic plants are typical instead.[1]
Another variable that effects plant diversity in Ankara is soil composition. Near Ayaş, plants that can survive in clay and limestone are most common; in the areas surrounding Nallıhan and Polatlı, plants that prefer gypseous soil; and in and around Bala and Kalecik, plants unique to limestone-less soil containing heavy metals like magnesium, nickel, and cadmium. [1]
History
The first herbarium in Ankara was established in 1933, by German scientist Prof. Dr. Kurt Krause in the Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture. This herbarium was transferred to the Botany Institute of Ankara University upon its founding in 1948. A list of the plants in the herbarium were published by Hikmet Birand under the title "Türkiye Bitkileri" (Plants of Türkiye) in 1952. In the same year, Kurt Krause donated nearly 5600 plant specimens gathered in Türkiye to the Botany Museum of the Humboldt University of Berlin. However, this collection was lost to a fire resulting from the World War II bombing of Berlin.[1]
Species
Endemic species
There are 22 species endemic to Ankara.[citation needed] These are:
- Achillea ketenoglui
- Aethionema dumanii
- Astragalus physodes subsp. acikirensis[2]
- Astragalus beypazaricus[2]
- Astragalus demirizii[2]
- Astragalus densifolius subsp. ayashensis[2]
- Astragalus kochakii[2]
- Astragalus trichostigma[2]
- Astragalus yildirimlii[2]
- Campanula damboldtiana[3]
- Campanula ekimiana
- Centaurea halophila[4]
- Centaurea tchihatcheffii[5]
- Cytisus acutangulus
- Isatis glauca subsp. galatica
- Muscari adili
- Salsola grandis[5]
- Salvia aytachii[6]
- Sideritis galatica[7]
- Silene cserei subsp. aeoniopsis [8]
- Verbascum gypsisola[9]
- Verbascum heterobarbatum[10]
Species named after Ankara
Along with species endemic to the city, there are certain plants that get their name from the fact that they were discovered in Ankara. These are:
- Crocus anycrensis[5]
- Jurinea ancyrensis
- Paracaryum ancyritanum[11]
- Dianthus ancyrensis[12]
- Verbascum ancyritanum[5]
List of plant families found in Ankara
A
- Acanthaceae
- Acoraceae
- Adoxaceae
- Alismataceae
- Altingiaceae
- Amaranthaceae
- Aizoaceae
- Amaryllidaceae
- Anacardiaceae
- Apiaceae
- Apocynaceae
- Apodanthaceae
- Aquifoliaceae
- Araceae
- Araliaceae
- Aristolochiaceae
- Asparagaceae
- Aspleniaceae
- Asteraceae
- Athyriaceae
B
- Balsaminaceae
- Berberidaceae
- Betulaceae
- Biebersteiniaceae
- Bignoniaceae
- Blechnaceae
- Boraginaceae
- Brassicaceae
- Butomaceae
- Buxaceae
C
- Campanulaceae
- Cannabaceae
- Capparaceae
- Caprifoliaceae
- Caryophyllaceae
- Casuarinaceae
- Celastraceae
- Ceratophyllaceae
- Cistaceae
- Cleomaceae
- Colchicaceae
- Commelinaceae
- Convolvulaceae
- Cornaceae
- Crassulaceae
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cupressaceae
- Cymodoceaceae
- Cyperaceae
- Cystopteridaceae
- Cytinaceae
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
L
- Lamiaceae
- Lauraceae
- Lentibulariaceae
- Liliaceae
- Linaceae
- Linderniaceae
- Loranthaceae
- Lycopodiaceae
- Lythraceae
M
- Malvaceae
- Marsileaceae
- Melanthiaceae
- Meliaceae
- Menyanthaceae
- Molluginaceae
- Montiaceae
- Moraceae
- Myrtaceae
N
O
P
- Paeoniaceae
- Papaveraceae
- Pedaliaceae
- Phrymaceae
- Phyllanthaceae
- Phytolaccaceae
- Pinaceae
- Plantaginaceae
- Platanaceae
- Plumbaginaceae
- Poaceae
- Polemoniaceae
- Polygalaceae
- Polygonaceae
- Polypodiaceae
- Portulacaceae
- Posidoniaceae
- Potamogetonaceae
- Primulaceae
- Pteridaceae
R
S
- Salicaceae
- Salviniaceae
- Santalaceae
- Sapindaceae
- Saxifragaceae
- Scrophulariaceae
- Selaginellaceae
- Simaroubaceae
- Smilacaceae
- Solanaceae
- Staphyleaceae
- Styracaceae
T
U
V
W
X
Z
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Vural, Mecit. "Ankara'nın Florası ve Korunması Gereken Endemik Bir Türü: "Yanardöner" Hakkında...".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 "Beypazarı Geveni (Astragalus beypazarcus) Tür Eylem Planı" (in Turkish). Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı. 2014. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2019.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "Ayaş Çançiçeği (Campanula damboldtiana)" (PDF) (in Turkish). Ankara: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Orman ve Su İşleri Bakanlığı. November 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Şahin, Bİlal. "İç Anadolu Bölgesi'nden (Türkiye) yeni bir tür: Verbascum aydogdui (Scrophulariaceae)". Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Ankara'ya Özgü Bitkilerle Tanışalım". Bilim Genç (in Turkish). TÜBİTAK. 31 May 2018. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "Salvia aytachii - Ay şalbası". Türkiye bitkileri. Retrieved 9 December 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Sideritis galatica - Kırçayı". Türkiye bitkileri. Retrieved 9 December 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Silene cserei ssp aeniopsis - Has nakıl". Türkiye bitkileri. Retrieved 9 December 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Verbascum gypsicola - Mermer sığırkuyruğu". Türkiye bitkileri. Retrieved 9 December 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Verbascum heterobarbatum - Sakallı sığırkuyruğu". Türkiye bitkileri. Retrieved 9 December 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Paracaryum ancyritanum - Ankara çarşağı". Türkiye bitkileri. Retrieved 25 September 2019.[permanent dead link]
- ↑ "Dianthus ancyrensis". Yabani Çiçekler (in Türkçe). Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
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