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Harald Malmgren

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


Harald Malmgren
Born(1935-07-13)July 13, 1935
Boston, Massachusetts
💀DiedFebruary 13, 2025(2025-02-13) (aged 89)
Warrenton, Virginia[1]February 13, 2025(2025-02-13) (aged 89)
🏫 Education
💼 Occupation

Harald Bernard Malmgren (July 13, 1935 – February 13, 2025[1]) was an American writer, lobbyist, and government employee. He was recruited into the federal government by the John F. Kennedy administration, and worked under several presidents.

Framing himself as an American political insider, he lobbied for Japanese organizations, such as the Japan External Trade Organization and the Japan Whaling Association. In the 1970s, Malmgren promoted his consulting firm as having "access to power" through his former association with Senator Abraham Ribicoff, a claim Ribicoff publicly refuted as "completely out of line".[2]

Early life and education

Harald Malmgren was born in Boston, Massachusetts on July 13, 1935.[1][self-published source] He earned an undergraduate degree in economics from Yale University.[3] Malmgren worked as a research assistant to Thomas Schelling, who encouraged him to go to Oxford University for his doctorate of philosophy. He entered Nuffield College, Oxford, and studied business under J.R. Hicks.[4][5] While at Oxford, Malmgren published the article "Information, expectations, and the theory of the firm" in The Quarterly Journal of Economics. In 1996, the scholar Nicolai J. Foss wrote that the article was "a strikingly original paper that, had it been duly recognized, could have changed the course of the theory of economic organization", arguing that it anticipated later developments in the theory of the firm and "complementarities between stocks of knowledge."[5]

Career

Government service

Malmgren lectured at Cornell University,[3] where in 1962 he was an assistant professor of economics,[6] until recruited by the John F. Kennedy administration.[3] Malmgren served as a deputy in the office of the United States Trade Representative during the presidency of Lyndon Johnson and the presidency of Richard Nixon.[7] He edited the 1972 book Pacific Basin Development: The American Interests, for the Overseas Development Council.[8][9] That year he also wrote the book International Economic Peacekeeping in Phase II, sponsored by the Atlantic Council of the United States. A revised and slightly expanded version would be published in 1973.[10][11]

In May 1972 he was confirmed by the Senate as a deputy special representative for trade negotiations. In this capacity, with the rank of ambassador,[12] he was involved in negotiations on Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade under William Denman Eberle.[13] Malmgren resigned from this position on February 19, 1975, during the administration of president Gerald Ford.[14][15] He later worked as a staff analyst for United States Senate Committee on Finance member Abraham Ribicoff.[2]

Lobbying for foreign business and governments

Malmgren was known for his paid advocacy of Japanese business interests in the United States.[16] From the 1970s to at least 1990, he was a consultant for the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) and was one of a number of American lobbyists and advisors who, according to Newhouse News Service, "hampered ... the United States' effort to reduce its huge trade deficit with Japan".[17] During this period, according to the Center for Public Integrity, "Malmgren never acknowledged his relationship [with JETRO] in his filings at Justice".[7] He was paid more than $700,000 by JETRO.[7]

Malmgren also represented the Japan Whaling Association and was paid $300,000 to help Japanese TV manufacturers avoid import duties for dumping their merchandise in the U.S. market.[7][18] According to Pat Choate, the results of Malmgren's work contributed to the demise of the American electronics industry.[19] Toshio Obi, in his 1980 book The Japan Lobby, wrote that Japan's lobbying in the U.S. was "next to idiotic" as Malmgren's fees were "out of order" with the standard fees lobbyists were then charging.[20][7]

The Ribicoff access affair

In 1978, according to the New York Times, Malmgren and his business partner circulated an ad for their consulting business which claimed they enjoyed "access to power" that could be leveraged for the commercial interests of potential clients, citing Malmgren's previous Senate work with United States Senator Abraham Ribicoff.[2] In reporting on the affair, the Associated Press wrote that Malmgren "tried to use his connection with Sen. Abraham Ribicoff to solicit corporate clients at $200,000 each".[21]

Ribicoff told the Times he was "shocked" at the solicitation.[2] He noted that Malmgren and his partner "have absolutely no special relationship with me and are completely out of line to make such a representation".[2] According to a person close to Ribicoff interviewed by The Washington Post, "if they had any access to Ribicoff, they've lost it".[22]

Personal life

Malmgren married twice. His first wife was Patricia Malmgren (1934-2010), née Nelson, with whom he had three children (Erika, Pippa, and Britt).[23] He later married Linda Einberg and had three more children.[1][24]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Harald B. Malmgren". FauquierNow. 11 March 2025. Retrieved 2025-04-21.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Chalton, Linda (April 11, 1978). "Lobbyists Find Directness Can Be 'Awful Mistake'". New York Times. Retrieved April 23, 2025.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 McGee, Harry (November 8, 2017). "Meet the Malmgrens: the extraordinary family US presidents turned to". Irish Times. Retrieved April 23, 2025.
  4. ↑ Arena, List. From Economics of the Firm to Business Studies at Oxford: An Intellectual History (1890s-1990s) (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of Oxford. Retrieved April 23, 2025.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Foss, Nicolai J. (October 1996). "Harald B. Malmgren's Analysis of the Firm: lessons for modern theorists?". Review of Political Economy. 8 (4): 349–366. doi:10.1080/09538259600000071. ISSN 0953-8259.
  6. ↑ "Cornell Alumni Face Busy Weekend". Elmira Star-Gazette. 1962-06-06. p. 7. Retrieved 2025-04-24 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Lewis, Charles. America's Frontline Trade Officials (PDF). Center for Public Integrity. Search this book on
  8. ↑ Mendel, Douglas H. (1974). "Review of Pacific Basin Development: The American Interests". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 411: 182–183. ISSN 0002-7162.
  9. ↑ Hellmann, Donald C. (1976). "Review of Pacific Basin Development: The American Interests". The American Political Science Review. 70 (1): 221–222. doi:10.2307/1960358. ISSN 0003-0554.
  10. ↑ Messieh, Nancy (2021-11-09). "What the Atlantic Council was like in its early years". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 2025-04-24.
  11. ↑ Isaak, Robert A. (1974). Calleo, David P.; Rowland, Benjamin M.; Malmgren, Harald B., eds. "American Policy and the World Economic Crisis". Journal of International Affairs. 28 (1): 91–95. ISSN 0022-197X.
  12. ↑ "Senate Approves Malmgren". The New York Times. 1972-05-09. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2025-04-24.
  13. ↑ Swinbank, Alan (2023-09-03). "British Perspectives on the GATT Article XXIV Negotiations Following the First EC Enlargement: 'Probably More Important and More Difficult than the Consideration of the Treaty of Rome Itself'". The International History Review. 45 (5): 824–841. doi:10.1080/07075332.2023.2220337. ISSN 0707-5332.
  14. ↑ "Malmgren Resigns". The Indianapolis Star. 1975-02-20. p. 38. Retrieved 2025-04-24 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ↑ President Accepts Resignation of Harold B. Malmgren as Deputy Special Representative for Trade Negotiations. White House Press Releases. Search this book on
  16. ↑ Cigler, Alan (2006). Interest Group Politics (PDF). CQ Press. pp. 323–329. ISBN 1933116765. Search this book on
  17. ↑ Benson, Miles (February 4, 1990). "U.S. Insiders Hired as Lobbyists for Japan". Star-Ledger. Newhouse News Service. Retrieved April 23, 2025.
  18. ↑ Shapiro, Walter (October 1, 1990). "Ethics: Is Washington in Japan's Pocket?". Time. Retrieved April 23, 2025. Choate never talked to Harald Malmgren, a top trade official with the Nixon and Ford administrations, whom the book describes as the trailblazer in working for the Japanese. In 1977 Malmgren received a $300,000 payment from Japanese TV manufacturers for helping them avoid crippling import duties for selling their sets below the cost of production. This dumping case, Choate argues, hastened the death of the American electronics industry. Malmgren now calls his fee “a reasonable salary for my time but not what I would have gotten had I gone into investment banking.”
  19. ↑ Cook, Robin (January 31, 1992). "Japan is Taking U.S. to the Cleaners". Manhattan Mercury. Retrieved April 23, 2025.
  20. ↑ Obi, Toshiro (1980). The Japan Lobby. Tokyo: Yell Shuppansha. p. 46. Search this book on
  21. ↑ "Ribicoff Friend Rues Mistake". Danville Register. Associated Press. April 11, 1978. Retrieved April 23, 2025.
  22. ↑ Lardner, George (April 10, 1978). "Ribicoff's Ex-Aides Offer to Sell Influence to Firms". Huntsville Times. Washington Post News Service. Retrieved April 23, 2025.
  23. ↑ "Obituaries". The Washington Post. 2010-04-26. ISSN 0190-8286.
  24. ↑ "Alumni at large: Pippa Malmgren - Summer 2014 - LSE Connect - Alumni - Home". Archived from the original on 2017-08-03. Retrieved 2017-08-03. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)


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