Hasan Ibrahim Hasan
| Hasan Ibrahim Hasan | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1892 Egypt |
| 19681968 | |
| 🏫 Education | Faculty of Arts and Humanities, History department |
| 💼 Occupation | Historian, author, researcher |
Hasan Ibrahim Hasan (Arabic:حسن إبراهيم حسن) (1892-1968), an Egyptian historian, specializing in Islamic history, author of a book on The History of Political, Religious, Cultural and Social Islam.[1]
His Life
Hasan Ibrahim Hasan, a well-informed historian, well-arranged and well-produced, deep in depth. He enriched the Arab library with abundant treasures from his magical pen. He was a director of the University of Assiut. He was born in Tanta from a family belonging to Egypt in 1892. In 1897, his father enrolled him in Tanta Primary School. His love for history began from middle school, so he came to history books during that period, so he first read the history of al-Tabari and Mafaraj al-Karoub by Abu Wasel and Al-Maqrizi's writings. He graduated in 1910 with an outstanding grade, and his teachers praised his character and his gentleness. Hassan Ibrahim Hassan moved to Cairo Al-Muizz, where he joined the Egyptian University in 1910, Arts and Humanities, Department of History, where he graduated with an excellent grade in 1915. He was seventeen years old and he began preparing his master's thesis, choosing the character of Amr bin Al-Aas, so he passed the discussion with distinction, and the university chose him for a scholarship to prepare for his doctorate.[2]
His Academic Career
For his doctorate, Hasan chose the title of the Fatimids in Egypt and their political and religious works. His message contained nine chapters, which are as follows: the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, the Fatimid da'wa, the fall of the Fatimid state, the Fatimid internal policy, the Fatimid foreign policy, the Fatimid regimes, the economic situation, the social situation, the Fatimid caliphs in Egypt from Al-Muizz to al-Hafiz. This letter marked the beginning of a new era for historical writing in terms of completeness of references and accuracy of observation. He established a new school in writing Islamic history, in which the researcher is exhausted with the capacity of knowledge within a rigorous, rational approach that is far from emotion and selectivity. Thomas Arnold supervised him, giving him advice until the letter was completed. The discussion of the thesis was on the sixth of September 1928 in a committee headed by Sir Thomas Arnold. Hassan Ibrahim Hassan obtained his doctorate with an excellent degree. Sir Arnold wrote about the promising historian that the thesis submitted by Dr. Hassan Ibrahim to obtain his doctorate at the University of London. He said his thesis earned the maximum possible praise of the examiners appointed by the university. There is no doubt that the letter is considered the greatest document that has appeared on this subject to date, and in it the author’s scientific ability and literary home, which he is distinguished by in all his books.
His Method
Dr. Hassan Ibrahim Hassan returned and was appointed as a teacher of Islamic history at the University of Fouad the First. In October 1935, he published the first part of the history of political, religious, cultural and social Islam. The book deals with the history of Islam from the Prophet’s migration to the end of the Umayyad state. The book was received with a wide flow of studies and responses. Some took it as a dependence on Western books and sometimes went to extremes in judging historical figures. His book dealt with books including Abd al-Hamid al-Abadi, Mahmoud Abu Raih, Mahmoud Hassan Zanati, Muhammad Gad al-Mawla and Zaki Mubarak. He covered in his book the Arabs before Islam, the Prophet’s mission, the impact of Islam on the Arabs, the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, and the era of the Umayyad state. Dr. Hassan Ibrahim Hassan and his brother Ali in 1939 co-authored the book Islamic Systems, a book that discusses the political, administrative and judicial systems and the system of slavery among Muslims throughout ages. The issue of Islamic systems is a topic that only a few jurists and historians intend to discuss, with its importance and danger. And I have to say that this topic is not really new. Abu al-Hasan al-Mawardi, who died in the year 450 AH, is considered at the forefront of the authors who wrote about Islamic systems and his book Al-Ahkam Al-Sultani was the first to be written in Arabic in that regard, and that the ambiguity surrounding the Mawardi style raises the status of what was written by later people such as Ibn Tabataba, who wrote his honorary book on royal literatures.
Ibrahim Al-Allaf says that Hassan Ibrahim Hasan refused to commit to one school, "and took the plurality of different schools of interpretation and restructuring of events as they occurred, and the commitment to neutrality and objectivity and not focusing on the political aspects of history, but rather dealing with the economic, social and cultural aspects, so his books and studies came to be sober and scientific." He was invited to lecture at the mothers of Arab and international universities. Jamal al-Din al-Kilani described him as “Tabari” in the modern era, because of his scholarly position among modern historians.” In which Hisham Jaait said his writings are characterized by sobriety, objectivity and comprehensiveness together, and these characteristics are manifested together in his book, History of Political, Religious, Cultural and Social Islam, which is indispensable.[3]
Publications
- History of political, religious, cultural and social Islam
- Islamic systems: in association with (his brother) Ali Ibrahim Hassan.
- The history of Amr ibn al-Aas.
- The Fatimids in Egypt.
- The spread of Islam in the African continent.
- Leaders of Islam: translations of thirty-one Muslim leaders from the Prophet’s mission to the end of the Umayyad era.
- Islamic Egypt.
- Obaidullah Al-Mahdi.
- Yemen is a Happy Country.
- Al-Muizz the Fatimid.
- History of the Middle Ages in the East and the West.
- The history of the Fatimid state: in Morocco, Egypt, Syria and the Arab countries.[4]
Translations
- Arab Sovereignty by Van Floten[disambiguation needed].
- Papyrus by Grohman.
- The Call for Islam by Sir Thomas Arnold.
- The History of Cairo, by Stanley Lynn Paul
Other works
- Introduction to the book: The Great Plight of Islam or the Decline of the Caliphate at the Hand of the Mongols, by Dr. Mustafa Taha Badr.
- Introduction to the book: The Islamic World Before the Mongol Occupation, by Dr. Hafez Ahmad Hamdi
His book on the fatimid state
And Dr. Hassan Ibrahim Hassan produced in 1948 his book Al-Muizz Li Din Allah the Fatimid, which during his reign the Fatimids tried to take from the islands of Sicily and Qarqosh, from which they crossed to Italy in the north and to Egypt and the Levant in the east. The precise systems of government that Al-Muizz Ladin Allah the Fatimid walked had a far-reaching impact on the advancement of his country and Lagro, as he represented the enlightened ruler who gathered in his hand all the powers but always sought to please his people and considered judgment as a trust from God that he entrusted with and that the comforting city of Cairo - which is now considered, praise be to God, one of the Mothers of the Eastern cities - along with Al-Azhar Mosque - the oldest university in the world - owe their existence to Al-Muizz Ladin Allah Al-Fatimid. Dr. Hassan Ibrahim Hassan spoke about the conquest of Egypt at the hands of Al-Muizz in great detail and spoke about the systems of government during his reign, then he dealt with art, culture and the most important social aspects.
His travels
In 1940, the Iraqi Ministry of Education invited Dr. Hassan Ibrahim Hassan to teach history at the University of Baghdad. He answered the invitation and resided between 1940-1944, where he lived in Baghdad during the revolution of Rashid Ali al-Kilani. During that period, he became acquainted with many writers and historians, including Muhammad Baqir al-Shabibi, Minister of Education. Later, he returned to Egypt, where he was appointed director of Assiut University, as director of King Fuad University, so he was a successful administrator, and an honest professor. Dr. Hassan Ibrahim Hassan produced a translation in 1947 of a book by his teacher, Thomas Arnold, The Call for Islam, in cooperation with Abdel-Majid Abdeen and Ismail Al-Nahrawi.
In the same year he published his book on the Fatimid leader Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi, founder of the Fatimid state in Morocco, with Dr. Taha Ahmed Sharaf. Dr. Hasan Ibrahim Hasan had been writing about the Fatimid leader years before his book on the pages of Al-Risalah magazine, where he said about him: Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi is one of the religious men who is known for his respectable qualities. He was able to worry the Abbasid state's mind, this was due to the qualities that Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi possessed, for he was distinguished by patience and one of his most important qualities was generosity, so he spent more than his money, and this was not due to his money, but because he was a leader by nature, and thanks to his jihad, he was able to attract to him the people of Salamiyah and its workers until the tongues praised him. He was handsome, with strong forearms, brutally strong, and strong, known since his early years. These and other characteristics indicate that the Mahdi was worthy of leadership.
His trip to the states
Dr. Hassan taught history at the University of Pennsylvania between 1951 and 1953, and after that he taught history in 1958 at the University of Rabat. Then, he continued issuing the second and third parts of the history of Islam. In 1968, the pen of the great historian stopped with his death, leaving the fourth part of the history of Islam in a complete manuscript, which was issued years after his death.
Writing the history of Islam
In all of his writings he follows the scientific historical approach, especially in returning to the original sources and comparing them with each other, marginalization, textualization, analysis and interpretation without committing to one school, but taking into account the multiplicity of different schools of interpretation, reshaping events as they occurred, and adhering to neutrality, objectivity and not focusing on political aspects. In the historical period, he dealt with the economic, social and cultural aspects, so his books and studies were sober and scientific. Hence, he was invited to lecture at the mothers of Arab and international universities. In the first part of his book: "History of Political, Religious, Cultural and Social Islam". He deals with the history of the Arab Islamic state in Shaq, Egypt, Morocco and Andalusia from 1-132 AH = 622-749 AD. In the second part he deals with the history of the Arab Islamic state in the first Abbasid era in the East, Egypt, Morocco and Andalusia from 132-232 AH = 749-847 AD. In the third part it deals with the history of the Arab Islamic state in the second Abbasid era in the East, Egypt, Morocco and Andalusia from 323-447 AH = 847-1055 AD. In the fourth part it deals with the history of the Arab Islamic state in the second Abbasid era in the East, Egypt, Morocco and Andalusia 447-656 AH = 1055-1258 AD. The first edition of this book - the encyclopedia - appeared in the month of October 1935 in five chapters looking at the history of the Arabs before Islam, the mission of the Prophet, the Rightly Guided Caliphs, the Umayyad state and Arab civilization during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs and the Umayyad. The author began developing the book and adding additions to it and stopped at Islam in China, Sind, Morocco and Andalusia and translated about the caliphs and dealt with conquests, political and religious movements, conditions of culture, arts and sciences, and the tail of the book with important indexes that facilitate reference to his discussions. The book was translated into Urdu and into English.
References
- ↑ "تصفح وتحميل كتاب تاريخ الإسلام السياسي والديني والثقافي والاجتماعي – حسن إبراهيم حسن Pdf". مكتبة عين الجامعة (in العربية). 2019-09-14. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ↑ "حسن ابراهيم حسن". المعرفة (in العربية). Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ↑ "حسن إبراهيم حسن.. مؤلف "تاريخ الإسلام السياسي والديني والثقافي"". www.aljazeera.net (in العربية). Retrieved 2021-03-11.
- ↑ "مؤلفات حسن إبراهيم حسن - حسن إبراهيم حسن - مكتبتنا". www.maktbtna2211.com. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
This article "Hasan Ibrahim Hasan" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Hasan Ibrahim Hasan. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
