House of Hakim
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House of Hakim was the royal house of Nawabs of Punjab. The Hakims were a branch of the Timurid dynasty of Turco-Mongol origin from Central Asia[1] through Mughal prince Bidar Bakht.[2] Being a Gūrkāniyāns, they were fond of literature, culture, art and language.
| Nawab-ul-Mulk of Punjab | |
|---|---|
 Royal Seal | |
| File:Hakim Shah Jahan Bakht.jpg Hakim Shah Jahan | |
| Details | |
| Style | His Imperial Highness |
| First monarch | Bidar Dil Mirza |
| Last monarch | Hakim Shah Jahan |
| Formation | 1715 |
| Abolition | 1858 |
| Residence | Lahore Fort Shahi Mahal |
The first Nawab was Bidar Dil Mirza, a Mughal prince and the viceroy of different Subahs from 1713 to 1715.[3] After the short tenure of Jahandar Shah, Mughal empire greatly fragmented due to which Mirza announced his independence.
History[edit]
Muhammad Azam Shah, the grandfather of first Nawab, Bidar Dil Mirza, was the Mughal Emperor and successor of Aurangzeb Alamgir.[4] But unfortunately due to political struggles following the disputed succession, he and his son Sultan Bidar Bakht were defeated and killed on 8 June 1707 at the Battle of Jajau by his step-brother, Prince Muhammad Mu'azzam.[5]
Afterthat, Bidar Dil Mirza was taken to Red Fort from where he was released in the reign of Jahandar Shah and made viceorcy of Malwa and then Multan. Mughal empire was fragmented into small kingdoms due to the invasions of Marathas, Durranies, rebels of Sikhs and wars of succession.[6][7] In such situation during tenure of Farrukhsiyar, a agreement signed between Mughal Emperor and Nawab according to which two-system government was introduced. According to this, Abdus Samad Khan became governor of Lahore and he considered the viceroy of Mughals and Hakims at the same time. This tradition was also followed by Khan's son, Zakariya Khan Bahadur and until the Battle of Lahore.[8][9]
After the Siege of Lahore, the Hakims remained only nominal rulers as main cities of Lahore and Multan was gone to Durrani Empire[10] and followed by Sikh Empire and then British Raj. But however this house held some power among regional Nawabs till Indian Rebellion. After War of Independence 1857, British abolished their title.[11]
Nawabs of Punjab[edit]
Nawabs of Hakim dynasty were the only Muslim rulers among other Sikh Misls in Punjab Region after the end of rule of Mughals.
| Tenure | Nawab of Punjab |
|---|---|
| 3 March 1715 - 6 September 1739 | Bidar Dil Mirza |
| 6 September 1739 – 12 June 1761 | Humayun Bakht[12] |
| 12 June 1761 – 4 June 1788 | Muhammad Ali I |
| 4 June 1788 – 13 August 1809 | Muhammad Ali II |
| 13 August 1809 – 17 April 1846 | Nassur-u-ddin Khan |
| 17 April 1846 – 19 April 1858 | Hakim Shah Jahan |
References[edit]
- ↑ B.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006
- ↑ Richards, J.F. (1995). Mughal empire (Transferred to digital print. ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 272. ISBN 9780521566032. Search this book on
- ↑ Kumkum Chatterjee, Merchants, Politics, and Society in Early Modern India: Bihar, 1733-1820, Brill. Copyrights, 2017.
- ↑ Eraly, Abraham (2000). Emperors of the peacock throne : the saga of the great Mughals ([Rev. ed.]. ed.). New Delhi: Penguin books. pp. 510–513. ISBN 9780141001432. Search this book on
- ↑ Mughal dynasty
- ↑ History of Modern India
- ↑ Alikuzai, Hamid Wahed (October 2013). Concise History of Afghanistan. ISBN 9781490714417. Retrieved 26 September 2018. Search this book on
- ↑ bahādur.), Muḥammad Laṭīf (Saiyid, khān (1891). History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time. Calcutta Central Press Company, limited. Search this book on
- ↑ History of the Panjáb from the Remotest Antiquity to the Present Time. Calcutta Central Press Company, limited. 1891. Search this book on
- ↑ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005-01-01). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707–1813. Sterling Publishers. ISBN 9781932705546. Search this book on
- ↑ Griffin, Sir Lepel Henry; Conran, W. L.; Craik, Sir Henry (1993). The Punjab Chiefs. Sang-e-Meel. Search this book on
- ↑ "List of Punjabian Monarchs". List of Punjabian Monarchs. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
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