The population of Hue people as of 2021 is 1,153,795 people. 49.5% of Hue people are male while 50.5% of Hue people are female.[1][not in citation given] The word Hue come from the Cham, which mean 'fragrance'.[2] Although Hue people are part of the Austronesian ethnic group, they are really similar to the Khmer people.
Hue people had arrived by sea in the first millennium BC from Indonesia and the Malay Peninsula, and settling in Thừa Thiên Huế province.[3] Hue people is said to be originated from Indonesia. It is also a descendant of Filipinos and Chams.
Hue people architecture is rich and unique in their own ways. Hue architecture is under the influences of Ancient Oriental, Khmer and Thai architecture. Hue architecture has many types of architecture such as royal, folk, religious, temple, traditional and modern.[4] Many of the palace built by Hue people has golden gilding in the overlapping roofs style which has a meanings. It means the front and the rear of the houses of the electricity are connected by dome roofs system located under the drains along with the water troughs connecting the two roofs.[5]
Hue royal architecture is common among ancient and old places. Fine arts are also used in the royal architecture along with the four main animal symbols, dragons, tigers, turtles and phoenixes. The French modernized some royal architecture during the French rule.[8] There are many influences of Burmese and Thai architecture built by Hue people such as Buddha statues and Thien Lam Pagoda.[9]
Hue royal architecture in the Imperial City of Huế has an intricately carved furniture design on the wooden surface that is enough to look more luxurious and beautiful fashions. Lapis lazuli covered the roofs of the Imperial City of Huế. The gate in the Imperial City of Huế has the military architecture in the dangerous places during the war because it is to protects the country.[10]
Hue people architecture is heavily under influenced by Thai, Khmer and Oriental architecture. Burmese, Indian and Indonesian architecture are also influences some architecture of Hue. Islamic and French also influences only a few architecture of Hue.
House
Hue people built their house is unique and special. House of Hue people is sometimes used to worshipped and public activities of Hue culture. The house is built with hard wooden frame with a thick tiled on the house roof that is strong enough to handle dangerous weathers. In the outside of Hue people house, the roof is not curved to created the flying blades, the house is always bright and light because of the relative high body. Yin and yang tiles covers the roof of the house, on each banks of the house roof, the glass attached with four spirits, the wood frame from the column are thin and slim. Some of its Wooden surfaces are decorated and scattered with dragons, clouds, crescent and star and Chrysanthemums symbols.[11]
Hue house is also decorated with nature. Flowers, fruits, stones, water, mossess, horizontal house, gates, corridors and pools are use and built by Hue people to decorate their house. Hue house features and decorates with Hue's cultural and historical.[12] Hue house is known to be peaceful and nature-friendly, Hue house are decorates with lights, winds and plants all over the house. Green areas are decorated outside Hue house in a neat and organize ways. Large-format sliding glass doors are also sometimes built to shows nature and comforts.[13]
Buddhism is one of the most important to Hue people. It is predominantly believed by Hue people. Buddhism has spreads to Hue people more than 2,000 years ago. Hue people merged Buddhist and Hue culture into one single culture. Because of manu Buddhist believers, Hue people is known as the center of Buddhism.[14] Buddhism are predominantly believed by Hue people with 1,500 Buddhist monks and nuns, 946 dignitaries, 241 Hue Buddhist families that includes 17,733 Buddhist students and 1,992 olders people.[15] Khmer Buddhism is predominantly believed by Hue people because of its heavy Khmer influences followed by Mahayana.
Thích Nhất Hạnh, a world-famous Zen Buddhism master who is Hue people and born in Thừa Thiên Huế and lived for years in exile including France and the United States, returned to his home town which is Thừa Thiên Huế in October 2018 and resided there at the Tu Hieu pagoda until his death in 2022.[16] Thích Nhất Hạnh spreads peace and Buddhism teachings and mindfulness to the world. He is one of the most influential spiritual leaders.[17]
Hue Buddhism is mostly refers as 'Hué, berceau du Bouddhisme', it is the most popular phrase for idiom when refers to Hue Buddhism. The word 'berceau' means place of origin. Buddhism is a humanistic religion, most Hue Buddhists doesn't believed in God.[18] Each Buddhist pagodas and temples is unique in their own ways. There are many Buddhist temples built by Hue people such as Thiên Mụ Temple, a Threvada temple and Tu Hieu Pagoda, a Zen Buddhism temple.[19]
In Truc Lam, Bạch Mã National Park in Thừa Thiên Huế, Hue people worshipped Buddha which is located under the Bodhi Tree while meditating. A Buddha's Statue built by Hue people in Bạch Mã National Park measures 24 metres (79 ft) tall.[20]
Hue people built the largest Islamic mosque in Thừa Thiên Huế. A Muslim mosque was built in 1921 by Hue people with a descendant of Indian people. The Islamic mosque was set to be hold the capacity of 35 individual Muslims. It is located in Chi Lang street nears the Perfume River of Huế City.
According to Maymunada, a Hue Muslim said that: "Muslims also have the same body, heart, and brain structure as normal people. We just differ in our religious beliefs, like some people follow Buddhism in Thừa Thiên Huế."[21]
The cuisine of Hue forms the heart of the Mainland Southeast Asia cuisine, but one of the most striking differences is the prominence of vegetarianism in the city. Several all-vegetarian restaurants are scattered in various corners of the city to serve the locals who have a strong tradition of eating a vegetarian meal twice a month, as part of their Buddhist beliefs. Hue cuisine is notable for often being very spicy.[22]
Hue cuisine has both luxurious and popular simple dishes. It consists of several distinctive dishes from small and delicate creations, originally made to please the appetites of Nguyễn feudal lords, emperors, and their hundreds of concubinages and wives.[23]
Bún bò Huế is a popular noodle. It has the ingredients of flavorful hot stock, smooth and wet noodles, some pieces of tender beef and some fresh herb. The noodle in Bún bò Huế is thick, cylindrical and round.[24] It is made in the 16th century during Nguyễn Hoàng, the founder of Nguyễn lords. This noodles cuisine of Hue is important to Hue people and it is considered to be part of Huế people daily life. It is among one of the most popular cuisine in Thừa Thiên Huế and Đà Nẵng.[25]
Bánh bèo is a popular steam rice cakes. It has the ingredients of rice, fish saucesthat contain green chili peppers sometimes shrimps or pork, noodles, peanuts that is roasted and fried onions. Bánh bèo is served in the bowl called porcelain and it is eaten with bamboo spoon. It is also similar to tapas, a Spanish cuisine.[26]
coconut milk, and a small amount of salt.[27] Bánh khoai is commonly serve with thick and small. It is very different from Bánh xeo but many people confuse between Bánh khoai and Bánh xèo[28] Bánh khoai is similar to the cassava cake of the
Bánh bột lọc is a popular dumpling. It contain the ingredients of tapioca and filled with pork that is minced and shrimp. In the topped that is served the ingredients of shallots that is fired and fish sauce that is spicy.[30]
Bánh ram is a popular steam rice dumpling. They contain with the ingredients of sautéing shrimps and pork that is on the top part of Bánh ram which contains crispy, glutinous rice that is fried. Bánh ram is served in a black plate.[31]
Hue cuisine is influenced by Indonesian and Khmer cuisine Filipino and Thai cuisine influences some of cuisine of Hue.
↑Ngọc, Nguyễn Thị Như (14 May 2020). "Hue royal architecture". thuathienhue.gov.vn/en-us. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
↑Lucy Nguyen-Hong-Nhiem – A Dragon Child: Reflections Of A Daughter Of Annam In America Page 13 2004 "She loved to cook our favorite dishes, bánh xèo and bánh khoái."
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