Johan Gaume
| Johan Gaume | |
|---|---|
| File:ETH-BIB-Gaume, Johan (1985-)-Portr 19752.jpgETH-BIB-Gaume, Johan (1985-)-Portr 19752.jpg Johan Gaume (2022) | |
| Born | 18 September 1985 |
| 🏳️ Nationality | French |
| 🎓 Alma mater | University Grenoble Alpes, France |
| 💼 Occupation | |
| Known for | Snow mechanics, Avalanches, Gravitational Mass Movements |
Johan Gaume (born 18 September 1985) is associate professor of alpine mass movements at ETH Zürich and at the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF in Davos, Switzerland.
Biography
Johan Gaume obtained his mechanical engineering and Master's degrees in 2008 from the Grenoble Institute of Technology. His MSc thesis focused on investigating the local and nonlocal rheological behavior of dense granular flows using the Discrete Element Method. He received a Ph.D. from Grenoble Alpes University in 2013 with a thesis entitled „Evaluation of avalanche release depths. Combined statistical – mechanical modeling”. He was then a postdoctoral researcher at WSL/SLF in Davos. In 2016, he joined EPFL as a Research and Teaching Associate with extensive visits to UCLA and UPenn. From 2019 to 2022, Gaume was an Assistant Professor at EPFL and head of the Snow and Avalanche Simulation Laboratory. Since 2022, he is Associate Professor of Alpine Mass Movements at ETH Zürich, a position which is jointly affiliated with the WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF in Davos, Switzerland where most of his group is located.[1][2][3] Johan Gaume was also a semi-professional snowboarder specialized in Big Air and Slopestyle.[4][5]
Research
His research interest is in the initiation and propagation of gravitational mass movements with a particular focus on snow and avalanche mechanics, including the development of multiscale methods based on computational geomechanics validated using laboratory and field experiments. In 2018, he proposed a new approach based on a novel snow constitutive law and a numerical technique known as the Material Point Method to simulate both the release and flow at the slope scale.[6] This model later allowed him and his group to discover a transition from sub-Rayleigh anticrack to supershear crack propagation during the release process of snow avalanches.[7][8] His work on snow avalanches was extended to model glacier calving and tsunamis as well as multiphase alpine mass movements.[9] is work improves the physical understanding of slope instability and mass flows with impacts on applied research related to risk assessment and management in mountainous regions.
3-D simulation of avalanches
Gaume developed in collaboration with experts from the UCLA the first realisitic three-dimensional simulation of slab avalanches.[10] Avalanches can be better predicted using such simulations. They can also be used to create better digital snow for animated films, such as in the Disney animated film Frozen. [11][12][13]
Explanation for the accident on the Dyatlov Pass
In 2021, Gaume proposed together with his colleague Alexander Puzrin a possible explanation for the accident at the Dyatlov Pass Incident, a famous Russian cold case surrounded by conspiracy theories.[14][15] The two researchers argued in an open access journal published by Nature that the tourers could quite simply have been surprised by a slab avalanche.[16][17] The Neue Züricher Zeitung wrote "das Medienecho [war] gewaltig. Rund um den Globus berichteten Journalisten über die Arbeit der Schweizer Forscher" (English: the media response was tremendous. Journalists around the world reported on the work of the Swiss researchers).[18] The New York Times,[19] Der Standard,[20] National Geographic,[21] SWI swissinfo[22] and other magazines reported. A documentary on the subject was shown on the Italian-speaking Swiss television channel RSI.[23] Nature later invited the two researchers to contribute an opinion piece. They were asked to describe how the publication had affected their careers. [24] In 2024, the podcast The Disappearing Spoon dedicated an episode to the events at the Dyatlov Pass.[25]
Teaching and Outreach
Johan Gaume is involved in the class „Physics and Hydrology of Snow” (EPFL Master course) and teaches the course „Granular mechanics” at ETH Zürich (Fall semester). He is involved every year in outreach activities: he gives lectures and organizes practical workshops during the international avalanche education events. Gaume is a member of the Science Alliance of Protect Our Winters Switzerland.[5]
Awards
Johan Gaume has received the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship (SEFRI) and was awarded the SNSF Ambizione grant and Eccellenza Professorial fellowship. In 2023 he was a recipient of the IUGG Early Career Scientist Award.[26]
References
- ↑ ETH Zürich (August 4, 2022). "New Professor of Alpine Mass Movements and farewells". Retrieved April 4, 2024.
- ↑ SLF (n.d.). "Prof. Dr. Johan Gaume". Retrieved April 4, 2024.
- ↑ Bettzieche, Jochen (March 15, 2023). ""Ich war wirklich stur."" (in Deutsch). Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ↑ Mickein, Iris (February 2, 2023). "From board sports to cutting-edge research'". Retrieved April 4, 2024.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Eggert, Christiane (December 24, 2022). "PowderPeople - Lawinenforscher Johan Gaume" (in Deutsch). Retrieved April 4, 2024.
- ↑ Gaume, J.; Gast, T.; Teran, J.; Van Herwijnen, A.; Jiang, C. (2018). "Dynamic anticrack propagation in snow". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 3047. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9.3047G. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05181-w. PMC 6076253. PMID 30076290.
- ↑ Trottet, B.; Simenhois, R.; Bobillier, G.; van Herwijnen, A.; Jiang, C.; Gaume, J. (2022). "Transition from sub-Rayleigh anticrack to supershear crack propagation in snow avalanches". Nature Physics. 18 (9): 1094–1098. Bibcode:2022NatPh..18.1094T. doi:10.1038/s41567-022-01662-4. PMC 9458539 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 36097630 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Perroud, Sandrine (July 26, 2022). "Die Physik von Schneebrettlawinen ähnelt derjenigen von Erdbeben" (in Deutsch). Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ↑ Cicoira, A.; Blatny, L.; Li, X.; Trottet, B.; Gaume, J. (2022). "Towards a predictive multi-phase model for alpine mass movements and process cascades". Engineering Geology. 310. Bibcode:2022EngGe.31006866C. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106866.
- ↑ science.ORF.at/sda (August 6, 2018). "Realistische 3-D-Simulation von Lawinen" (in Deutsch). Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ↑ "Computersimulation - Dank Schweizer Forschern kann es Disney schöner schneien lassen" (in Deutsch). August 7, 2018. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ↑ "Avalanche prediction model a boon for rescuers and filmmakers". August 4, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- ↑ Simon, Matt (August 13, 2018). "A Mind-Bending Avalanche Animation That Could Save Your Life". Wired. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- ↑ Andrews, Robin George (May 17, 2023). "Has science solved one of history's greatest adventure mysteries?". National Geographic Society. Retrieved December 11, 2024.
- ↑ Simons, Paul (2021-02-20). "Children's hit film Frozen helped solve puzzle of how Urals hikers met their fate". www.thetimes.com. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
- ↑ Gaume, J.; Puzrin, A. M. (2021). "Mechanisms of slab avalanche release and impact in the Dyatlov Pass incident in 1959". Communications Earth & Environment. 2 (1): 10. Bibcode:2021ComEE...2...10G. doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00081-8.
- ↑ Bundell, Shamini (January 28, 2021). "Explaining the icy mystery of the Dyatlov Pass deaths - A sixty-year-old mystery from Soviet Russia could be explained by snow science". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00234-5. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- ↑ Speicher, Christian (March 24, 2024). "Wie das Unglück am Djatlow-Pass die Karriere von zwei Lawinenforschern umkrempelte". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in Deutsch). Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ↑ Yuhas, Alan (April 1, 2022). "Researchers Find Another Clue in the Dyatlov Pass Mystery". The New York Times. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- ↑ Taschwer, Klaus (January 29, 2021). "Forscher erhärten Theorie zum legendären Unglück vom Djatlow-Pass" (in Deutsch). Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ↑ Andrews, Robin George (February 1, 2021). "Forscher erhärten Theorie zum legendären Unglück vom Djatlow-Pass" (in Deutsch). Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ↑ "Swiss scientists uncover possible cause of mysterious hiking accident in Russia". January 30, 2021. Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ↑ Matteo, Born (January 10, 2022). "Il mistero Dyatlov" (in italiano). Retrieved December 12, 2024.
- ↑ Puzrin, A. M.; Gaume, J. (2022). "Post-publication careers: follow-up expeditions reveal avalanches at Dyatlov Pass". Communications Earth & Environment. 3 (1): 63. Bibcode:2022ComEE...3...63P. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00393-x.
- ↑ "The Russian Roswell". April 30, 2024. Retrieved December 17, 2024.
- ↑ "IUGG Early Career Scientist Awards 2015 – 2023". 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
External links
This article "Johan Gaume" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Johan Gaume. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
-Portr_19752.jpg){kind=link}