Lübeck disaster
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note: Lübeck vaccine disaster and Lübecker Impfunglück should redirect here.
From 1929 to 1933, 251 infants in Lübeck, northern Germany, were given three doses of the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis, which was accidentally contaminated with the bacteria responsible for the disease. 173 later developed signs of the illness and 72 died.[1][2]
This vaccine itself was initially blamed, until an inquiry headed by Bruno Lange of the Robert Koch Institute and Ludwig Lange of the Ministry of Health identified contamination as the cause. The event later became known as the Lübeck disaster,[1][2] or in German, the Lübecker Impfunglück (Lübeck vaccine disaster). Major scientific journals worldwide commented on the disaster and subsequent trials of the medical staff, such as The Lancet[3] and the Journal of the American Medical Association.[4]
On 6 February 1932, Georg Deycke, the head of the general hospital in Lübeck, was found guilty of negligent homicide and negligent bodily harm, and sentenced to two years in prison.[5] Deycke negligently cultivated the BCG vaccine in a laboratory unsuitable for vaccine production and refrained from animal experiments. Ernst Altstaedt was sentenced to 15 months in prison for negligent homicide and negligent bodily harm as he did not test the vaccine in animal experiments and only insufficiently observed the children. The co-accused chairman of the Lübeck health department, Max Klotz, was acquitted, as was Deycke's laboratory assistant, Anna Schütze.[6] Illustrator Emil Stumpp drew portraits of those involved in the trial.[7]
As a result of negative public opinion on the BCG vaccine, caused by media reports, the Weimar government de facto stopped all compulsory vaccination.[8] Compulsory BCG vaccination of infants was reinstated in East Germany in 1952.[9]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Fox, Gregory J.; Orlova, Marianna; Schurr, Erwin (21 January 2016). "Tuberculosis in Newborns: The Lessons of the 'Lübeck Disaster' (1929–1933)". PLOS Pathogens. 12 (1): e1005271. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005271. ISSN 1553-7374.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Luca, Simona; Mihaescu, Traian (2013). "History of BCG Vaccine" (PDF). Mædica. 8 (1): 55.
- ↑ "REPORT ON THE LÜBECK DISASTER". The Lancet. 215 (5571): 1244. June 1930. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)70979-2. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Lohse, Hanna. "The BCG disaster, Lübeck, 1930: An Oral History Project of the 'Calmette Children' and their Survivorship." Int J Urol Hist 1 (2021): 12.
- ↑ Akgün, Burhan; Hot, İnci (2015). "[DEYCKE PASHA AND THE LÜBECK DISASTER]". The New History of Medicine Studies (21): 11–37. ISSN 1300-669X.
- ↑ Hanna Elisabeth Jonas. (2017) The Lübeck vaccine disaster of 1930 as perceived by contemporary witnesses, pp. 94–95, Dissertation, Lübeck, 2017 (in German)
- ↑ Work directory (PDF; 1.6 MB) Stump with the litigants in the Calmette trial. (in German)
- ↑ Marcetic, Branko (18 September 2021). "You Know Who Else Opposed Vaccine Mandates? Hitler". Jacobin.
- ↑ Escobar, Luis E.; Molina-Cruz, Alvaro; Barillas-Mury, Carolina (28 July 2020). "BCG vaccine protection from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (30): 17720–17726. doi:10.1073/pnas.2008410117. ISSN 0027-8424.
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