List of longest novels
This is a list of published novels with over 500,000 words. Currently as of 2024, the longest novel in the world is Nevaeh Saga by Marcel Ray Duriez. “Nevaeh Saga,” by Marcel Ray Duriez. It contains or constitutes and comprises a fact given total of 126,239,708 characters and 18,398,000 words with spaces included. Passing Venmurasu word count by around 6 million words, and 15,000 pages.
The now past holder is Venmurasu, a modern setting of the Hindu epic Mahabharatha, finished in 2020 by Tamil writer Bahuleyan Jeyamohan which has over 2,300,000 words.
Compiling a list of longest novels yields different results depending on whether pages, words, or characters are counted. Length of a book is typically associated with its size (specifically its page count) leading many to assume the largest and thickest book equates to its length. Word count is a direct way to measure the length of a novel in a manner unaffected by variations of format and page size. However, translating the story into different languages and dialects results in different word counts.
Comparison of methods[edit]
There are at least three ways to determine length:
- Character count is the best estimate of the total numbers of spaces, written characters, and punctuation.
- Word count is another method. Using computer software to count words is the current preferred method for academia and publications. However it is not very meaningful when comparing different languages, for instance, because some languages use more words to express a given idea than others.
- Due to formatting, the page count will depend on the choice of paper size, font, style, formatting, and illustrations in the published work, and thus cannot be considered a reliable measure of length, despite it being the easiest physical indicator of length to determine.
For the purposes of this list, word count is ideal.
A particular difficulty is created when comparing word counts across different writing systems. The logographic Chinese characters used to write East Asian languages each represent one morpheme and are not separated by spaces. The same character may at times stand for one word, and other times form part of a larger word. For instance, the characters 中 zhong and 国 guo can be used independently to mean "middle" and "kingdom", respectively, but can also be combined into Zhongguo 中国, "China" (i.e. "The Middle Kingdom"). One could theoretically construct a noun phrase Zhongguo Zhong Guo 中国中国 meaning "kingdoms in the middle of China". The absence of any formal marking of word boundaries means that it would be difficult to mechanically determine if such a phrase consists of two, three, or four words without knowing Chinese. East Asian bibliographies therefore generally give only the character count without attempting any word count. However, there are similar difficulties in European languages: in some cases it is arbitrary whether an expression is written as one word or two: e.g. airshow vs. air show; in German it is very common to link two or more words together to form compound words – merely reflecting a feature of the language. In Japanese, some characters represent "words" and others only represent "syllables".
A rough approximation can sometimes be obtained by citing the word count of a translation into a Latin alphabet language like English (if such a translation exists), but this will vary to some extent depending on the style of English adopted by the translator. However, citing a translation has the advantage that it indicates how many words are required to convey the same meaning in the target text, not how many "words" the source text actually contains.
Criteria[edit]
For the purposes of the list, a "novel" is defined as a single work in print or electronic form that has been published through a mainstream publisher, has acquired publishing rights from authors, or has garnered significant coverage as self-published work. A "single work" is defined as works thought of as one novel by the author but published in multiple volumes for the sake of convenience.
Excluded are non-notable self-published works (included printed-on-demand, vanity, and fanfiction works), unpublished novels, novel sequences, novel cycles, and record-grabbing stunts written solely for the title of the longest work.
List[edit]
Book title | Author | Year | Original Publisher | Volumes | Word count | Language | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A Chronicle of Ancient Sunlight | Henry Williamson | 1951–1969 | Macdonald | 15 | 3,000,000[1] | English | The sequel to The Flax of Dream tetralogy |
Venmurasu | B. Jeyamohan | 2014–2020 | Vishnupuram Publications | 26 | 2,300,000 | Tamil | Published online from December 2014 to July 2020 |
Devta | Mohiuddin Nawab | 1977–2010 | Jasoosi Digest Publications | 56 | 2,206,310 (as of volume 49) | Urdu | Published in the magazine Suspense Digest from February 1977 to January 2010 |
Men of Good Will (Les Hommes de bonne volonté) | Jules Romains | 1932–1946 | Knopf | 14 | 2,070,000 | English (translation from French) | Translated into English by Warre B. Wells and Gerard Hopkins |
The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night | Anonymous and Hanna Diyab | 1888 | The Kama Shastra Society | 17 | 2,026,936 | English (translation from Arabic and Persian) | Translated into English by Sir Richard Francis Burton, it is the only complete annotated English translation of One Thousand and One Nights (known as the Arabian Nights) to date
The original ten volumes were supplemented with seven volumes of The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night |
Artamène ou le Grand Cyrus | Georges and/or Madeleine de Scudéry[lower-alpha 1] | 1649–1653 | Augustin Courbé | 10 | 1,954,300 | French | |
Worm[2] | John McCrae | 2011–2013 | WordPress | 1,680,000 | English | Published online in a web serial format from 2011 to 2013[3] | |
Het Bureau (The Office) | J. J. Voskuil | 1996-2000 | Van Oorschot | 8 | 1,590,000 | Dutch | Longest novel in Dutch
Published between 1996 and 2000 |
Gordana | Marija Jurić Zagorka | 2007 | Školska knjiga | 12 | 1,400,000 (estimated) | Croatian | The longest novel in Croatian
Zagorka wrote a sequel Kraljica Hrvatâ (The Queen of the Croats) between 1937 and 1939. |
Bottom's Dream (Zettels Traum) | Arno Schmidt | 1970 (translated 2016) | Dalkey Archive Press | 1 | 1,300,000 (estimated) | English (translation from German) | Translated into English by John E. Woods
Longest novel published in one volume |
In Search of Lost Time (À la recherche du temps perdu) | Marcel Proust | 1913–1927 (translated 1922–1931) |
Gallimard | 7 | 1,267,069 | English (translation from French) | Translated into English by C. K. Scott Moncrieff
The current Guinness World Records holder for the longest novel[4] |
Mission Earth | L. Ron Hubbard | 1985–1987 | Bridge Publications | 10 | 1,200,000 | English | |
Joseph and His Brothers (Joseph und seine Brüder) | Thomas Mann | 1933–1943 (translated 1948) | Everyman's Library | 4 | English (translation from German) | Translated into English by H. T. Lowe-Porter | |
Blinding (Orbiter) | Mircea Cărtărescu | 1996–2007 (translated 2013) | Humanitas | 3 | Romanian | ||
A Dance to the Music of Time | Anthony Powell | 1951–1975 | Arrow | 12 | 1,000,000 | English | |
Dessen Sprache du nicht verstehst[5] | Marianne Fritz | 1986 | Suhrkamp | 12 | German | ||
Kelidar | Mahmoud Dowlatabadi | 1984 | Farhang Moaaser | 10 | 950,000 | Persian | Longest novel in Persian |
The Great Eastern (O Megas Anatolikos) | Andreas Embirikos | 1990 | Agra | 8 | Modern Greek | Longest novel in Modern Greek | |
Clarissa, or, the History of a Young Lady | Samuel Richardson | 1748 | 7 | 943,000 (estimated) | English | Revised through four editions between 1747 and 1761 | |
Sivagamiyin Sapatham (The Vow of Sivagami) | Kalki Krishnamurthy | 1944–1946 | Bharathan Publications | 4 | Tamil | Published in the magazine Kalki from January 1944 to June 1946 | |
Ponniyin Selvan (The Son of Ponni) | Kalki Krishnamurthy | 1950–1954 (translated 1999) | Bharathan Publications | 5 | 900,000 | Tamil | Published in the magazine Kalki from October 1950 to May 1954
Translated into English by C. V. Karthik Narayanan |
Poor Fellow My Country | Xavier Herbert | 1975 | HarperCollins | 1 | 852,000[6] | English | |
Women and Men | Joseph McElroy | 1987 | Knopf | 1 | 850,000 (estimated)[7] 700,000 (estimated)[8] |
English | |
Journey to the West (西遊記) | Wu Cheng'en | c. 1592 (translated 1977–1983) | 4 | English (translation from Chinese) | Translated into English by Anthony C. Yu[lower-alpha 2]
One of the Four Great Classical Novels of China | ||
Dream of the Red Chamber (紅樓夢) (A Dream of the Red Mansions/The Story of the Stone) | Cao Xueqin (Edited by Cheng Weiyuan and Gao E) | c. 1791 (translated 1973–1980) | 5 | 845,000 (estimated) | English (translation from Chinese) | Translated into English by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang and later David Hawkes and John Minford
One of the Four Great Classical Novels of China | |
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (三國演義) |
Luo Guanzhong (Edited by Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang) | c. 14th century (Translated 1925) | 5 | 800,000 (estimate) | English (translation from Chinese) | Translated by Charles Henry Brewitt-Taylor
One of the Four Great Classical Novels of China | |
Water Margin (水滸傳) (Outlaws of the Marsh/The Marshes of Mount Liang) | Shi Nai'an and Luo Guanzhong | c. 14th century (Translated 1937) | 5 | English (translation from Chinese) | Translated by J. H. Jackson
One of the Four Great Classical Novels of China | ||
Jin Ping Mei (金瓶梅) (The Plum in the Golden Vase/The Golden Lotus) | The Scoffing Scholar of Lanling | c. 1610 (translated 1993–2013) | 5 | English (translation from Chinese) | Translated into English by David Tod Roy
Edited by Zhang Zhupo in 1695 A spin-off from Water Margin | ||
The Legend of the Condor Heroes | Jin Yong | 2018–2021 | MacLehose Press | 4 | English (translation from Chinese) | The first part of the Condor Trilogy. | |
Sironia, Texas | Madison Cooper | 1952 | Houghton Mifflin | 2 | 840,000 (estimated)[9] | English | |
Shanghai | David Rotenberg | 2008 | Penguin | 1 | 800,000 (estimated) | English | Prequel to Zhong Fong |
Sir Charles Grandison | Samuel Richardson | 1753 | 1 | 750,000 (estimated) | English | Restored and corrected through four editions between 1753 and 1761 | |
Miss MacIntosh, My Darling | Marguerite Young | 1965 | Scribners | 1 | 750,000 (estimated)[10] 576,000 (estimated)[11] |
English | |
Varney the Vampire | James Malcolm Rymer and Thomas Peckett Prest[lower-alpha 3] | 1845–1857 | Edward Lloyd | 1 | 667,000[12] | English | Originally published in serial penny dreadful pamphlets |
Anniversaries. From the Life of Gesine Cresspahl | Uwe Johnson | 1970–1983 (translated 2018) | Suhrkamp Verlag | 4 | 665,441 | German | Published in four volumes from 1970 to 1983
Translated into English by Damion Searls in a two-volume set |
Atlas Shrugged | Ayn Rand | 1957 | Random House | 1 | 645,000 (estimate by the publisher and by The New York Times)[13] | English | |
Jean-Christophe | Romain Rolland | 1904‒1912 | Henry Holt | 3 | 610,000 (estimated) | English (translation from French) | Published in ten volumes from 1904 to 1912
Translated into English by Gilbert Cannan |
Jerusalem | Alan Moore | 2016 | Knockabout | 1 | 600,000 (estimated)[14] | English | |
"...And Ladies of the Club" | Helen Hooven Santmyer | 1982 | Ohio State University Press | 1 | 600,000 (estimated)[15] | English | |
War and Peace
(Война и мир) |
Leo Tolstoy | Knopf | 1 | 600,000 | English translation from Russian | ||
A Suitable Boy | Vikram Seth | 1993 | Penguin Books | 1 | 593,674 | English | |
F. L. Věk | Alois Jirásek | Československý spisovatel (last printed edition, 1976–1977) | 1 | 571,350 | Czech | ||
The Mill on the Po (Il mulino del Po) | Riccardo Bacchelli | Arnoldo Mondadori Editore | 3 | 559,830[citation needed] | Italian | ||
Les Misérables | Victor Hugo | 1862 (translated 1862) | Librairie internationale A. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven, et Cie. | 1 | 545,925 | English (translation from French) | Translated into English by Charles E. Wilbour (1862) and Isabel Florence Hapgood (1887)
Several passages were edited out at the request of Albert Lacroix, but some French editions included these in the appendix; no English version contains these deleted passages |
Infinite Jest | David Foster Wallace | Back Bay Books | 1 | 543,709 | English | ||
Remembrance Rock | Carl Sandburg | Mariner Books | 1 | 532,030[16] and 673,000[17] | English | Word counts obtained from Amazon digitization (eBook) word count, and author's own count. | |
The Stand: The Complete & Uncut Edition | Stephen King | Doubleday | 1 | 514,827 | English | ||
To Green Angel Tower | Tad Williams | DAW Books | 1 | 520,000[18] | English | Word counts obtained from Amazon digitization (eBook) word count. | |
Horcynus Orca (Killer Whale) | Stefano D'Arrigo | Arnoldo Mondadori Editore | 1 | 508,751 | Italian | The first draft is published as I Fatti della Fera (The Facts of the Fera). | |
The Neapolitan Novels | Elena Ferrante | Europa Editions (2018) | 4 | 543,000 | English translation from Italian | The author published this novel in four installments due to its length but acknowledges it as a single novel.[19] | |
My Struggle (Min Kamp) | Karl Ove Knausgård | Farrar, Straus, and Giroux | 6 | 1,000,000 | English translation from Norwegian | ||
Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (The Man Without Qualities) | Robert Musil | Knopf | 2 | English Translation from German | The author died before he could finish the novel. | ||
The Tale of Genji | Murasaki Shikibu | Penguin Classics (Illustrated Deluxe edition) | 1 | 750,000 | English translation from Japanese | This is perhaps the first novel of the world but it is partially lost. It consists of 54 chapters but back in the Heian Period, it used to be circulated in 60 chapters and most scholars are of the opinion that there is a lost chapter between the current chapters one and two. Some scholars consider the chapters after chapter 41 to be a sequel and a separate work as Hikaru Genji dies after chapter 41 and the story continues with his son, Prince Kaoru. | |
Musashi | Eiji Yoshikawa | Pocket Books | 5 | English translation from Japanese | There is an abridged single volume edition that is 984 pages long in hardback edition. | ||
The Vicomte de Bragelonne | Alexandre Dumas | 5 | 626,000 | French | The final part of The d'Artagnan Romances trilogy. An unexpurgated English translation by Lawrence Ellsworth in progress. As of 2022, only 2 out of 5 volume had been fully translated into English and the English translation of the third volume is being published online on Substack platform. | ||
The Mohicans of Paris | Alexandre Dumas | Gallimard (Collection Quarto edition, 1998) | 2 | French | Inspired by Eugène Sue's The Mysteries of Paris. | ||
The Mysteries of Paris | Eugène Sue | Penguin Classics paperback |
1 | 580,000 | English translation from French | This highly popular novel was published serially in Journal des débats. Word count obtained from Project Gutenberg English translation eBook (Chapman & Hall, 1845). | |
The Wandering Jew | Eugène Sue | Skyhorse | 1 | 530,000 | English translation from French | This highly popular novel was published serially in Journal des débats. Word count obtained from Project Gutenberg English translation eBook (Routledge, 1889). | |
Juliette | Marquis de Sade | Grove Press | 1 | English translation from French | The sequel to the third version of Justine called The New Justine that has not been translated into English yet. | ||
Black Bess; or, The Knight of the Road | Edward Viles | E. Harrison (c. 1860) | 3 | 833,000 | English | Originally published anonymously, in serial "penny dreadful" pamphlets. A romanticized tale of Dick Turpin that was a popular subject of that time. Each page has two columns and there are a few illustrations scattered throughout the novel. Word count obtained from Internet Archive eBook. | |
Le Morte d'Arthur: The Winchester Manuscript | Sir Thomas Malory | Clarendon Press | 3 | English | The third edition edited by Eugène Vinaver and Reverend P J C Field (1990). | ||
Chlopi (The Peasants) | Władysław Reymont | Naklad Gebethnera i Wolffa /Alfred A. Knopf | 4 | English translation from Polish | |||
The Viscount of Adrilankha | Steven Brust | Tor Books | 3 | English | A fantasy novel set in the world of Dragaera. narrated by Paarfi of Roundwood. The novel is the final part of the Khaavren Romances trilogy, which is based on Alexandre Dumas's The Vicomte de Bragelonne. | ||
Whirlwind | James Clavell | William Morrow | 1 | English | The sixth book in The Asian Saga A sequel was posthumously titled Escape | ||
L'Astrée | Honoré d'Urfé, Balthazar Baro, and Pierre Boitel Sieur de Gaubertin | 6/5 | French | ||||
Nevaeh Saga | Marcel Duriez | 2024 | WordPress,
Internet Archive, Barnes and Noble, Lulu, Fanfictions.com |
88 | 18,398,000 words with spaces included or 126,239,708 characters spaces included
Words without spaces added in is 9,199,000. |
English | 36,796 pages, written time frame 105,192 hours, or 12 years. |
“Lengthiest Independently Published,” “Nevaeh Saga,” The world’s longest independent novel in the modern times, “Nevaeh Saga,” by Marcel Ray Duriez. It contains or constitutes and comprises a fact given total of 126,239,708 characters and 18,398,000 words with spaces included. The page count is of published pages in paperback books sold as one book set: 36,796, Weight of all novels summed is: 44 pounds, or 19.958 Kilograms. Height is 8 inches, Width is 5 inches, Length is 65.12 inches. 12 font, New Times Roman 1.5 spacing, 0.5 margins. Passing J. K Rowling 12 times over from her million words. Passing Marcel Proust by 11 million words and by his book size of 10 in a book set. Thus at 7" wide x 9" height, books- Nevaeh. Estimated chapters of 520, Paragraphs were typed in the documents: 109,864, Averaging 6 hours or so a day, for 2,000 words typed a day, would be 105,192 thus saying (96,426) is right. Days invested in comprising the time to type or write all words in the document is: 4,383 days or around 105,192 hours, or 12 years.
Other list (non-Latin and Cyrillic)[edit]
Malayalam[edit]
- Avakasikal by Vilasini: This book in Malayalam is known as the second longest written in an Indian language. It contains 3,958 pages in four volumes and took 10 years to complete.[20]
Japanese[edit]
- Nansō Satomi Hakkenden (shinjitai: 南総里見八犬伝; kyūjitai: 南總里見八犬傳) (The 8 Dog Warriors of the Satomi Clan of Nansō) written by Kyokutei Takizawa Bakin is a very popular epic historical fantasy and romance novel of the Yomihon category in 106 volumes. It was written and published over a period of nearly twenty-eight years (1814–42).
- Tokugawa Ieyasu by Sōhachi Yamaoka: The 40 volumes of this historical novel were published serially between 1950 and 1967. The complete text includes more than 10 million Japanese characters. It is the longest Japanese novel after Nansō Satomi Hakkenden and also one of the longest ever written.[21]
- Daibosatsu Toge by Nakazato Kaizan : Published in 41 volumes and 1533 chapters, this unfinished historical novel includes 5.7 million Japanese characters.[22]
Chinese[edit]
- Qin Empire by Sun Haohui: Published in 6 volumes, this historical novel includes 5 million Chinese characters.[23]
- The Popular Romance of Chinese Dynasties by Cai Dongfan: Published in 11 volumes and 1080 chapters (1040 chapters by Cai Dongfan, the last 40 chapters by Xu Jinfu), this historical novel includes 6 million Chinese characters.[24]
- On the Plateau by Zhang Wei: Scheduled to include 4.5 million Chinese characters, the ten volume fully published in 2010 and became the longest Chinese novel in prose.[25]
- Li Zicheng by Yao Xueyin: This historical novel completed in 1999 includes 3.4 million Chinese characters. It has been published in 9 volumes over a period of 40 years. It is currently the longest novel published in modern Chinese.[26]
- The Swordspeople from Shu Mountains by Huanzhulouzhu: Published in 309 chapters, although unfinished, this Wuxia novel includes 4.1 million Chinese characters.[27]
- The Chinese classic wuxia novelist Jin Yong wrote 7 long novels that surpass 500000 Chinese characters, of which the longest are The Deer and the Cauldron (1,230,000 characters) and Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils (1,211,000 characters).
- Gu Long wrote his longest single classic Wuxia novel Juedai Shuangjiao (The Legendary Siblings/The Peerless, Proud Twin Brothers) in the late 1960s that surpasses 500000 Chinese characters.
- The Chinese wuxia novelist Huang Yi wrote a number of long novels, of which the longest is The Legend of the Twin Dragons of the Tang dynasty (approximately 50,000,000 characters), consisting of 63 volumes (794 chapters) and the revised version is 20 volumes. It has been fully translated unofficially into English on 21 June 2022. Nevaeh 所有的小说都是有空格和没有空格的字符 28,827,000,此时的字数是 5,765,400,页数是 23062,这应该是正确的。书页为 5 英寸 x 8 英寸。
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Williamson, Anne (1995). Henry Williamson: Tarka and The Last Romantic. Alan Sutton Publishing. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-7509-0639-5. OCLC 36581558. Search this book on
- ↑ "What we're reading in April: The Life Of The Mind by Christine Smallwood and more". The A.V. Club. 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
[...] his debut serialized novel, the online superhero drama, Worm [...]
- ↑ Pâquet, L. (2019). "The fan-networked capital of self-published web serials: A comparison of Worm and Nunslinger." Text & Talk. 23 (1): 1–8. "As Worm’s audience reads the book online [...]
- ↑ "Longest novel". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ↑ Falk, Thomas H. (1989). Fritz, Marianne, ed. "Marianne Fritz's Dessen Sprache du nicht verstehst: A Contemporary Epic". World Literature Today. 63 (1): 61–63. doi:10.2307/40145051. JSTOR 40145051.
- ↑ "Poor Fellow My Ears". The Age. 29 December 1987. p. 2.
- ↑ Karl, Frederick (Spring 1990). "Women and Men: More than a novel". Review of Contemporary Fiction. 10 (1): 181.
- ↑ Hallberg, Garth Risk (2009-07-07). "The lost postmodernist: Joseph McElroy". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ "Author of 1,800-Page Novel In New York After Plans for Publication Of Big Book". The Times-News. 27 October 1957. p. 7.
- ↑ Thomas, Robert Jr. (1995-11-20). "Marguerite Young, 87, author and icon, dies". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-11-04.
- ↑ Walters, Raymond Jr. (12 September 1965). "In and out of books". The New York Times. p. BR8.
- ↑ Hindley, Meredith (November 2012). "When Bram met Walt". Humanities. 33 (6): 53.
- ↑ Nichols, Lewis (1957-10-13). "Talk With Ayn Rand – Author's Query". The New York Times. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
- ↑ Kelly, Stuart (2016-09-15). "Jerusalem by Alan Moore review – a magnificent, sprawling cosmic epic". The Guardian. Retrieved 2023-02-13.
- ↑ Schott, Webster (1984-07-01). "An Epic of Hometown, U.S.A." Washington Post Book World. p. 5.
- ↑ Carl Sandburg (1991). Remembrance Rock. Amazon. ISBN 9780156763905. Search this book on
- ↑ author, quoted in Corwin, Norman (1961). The World of Carl Sandburg. Harcourt, Brace & World. p. 8. Search this book on
- ↑ Walsh, Alex (2014-04-04). "Tad Williams to release sequel to Memory, Sorrow & Thorn". Doitanyway.co.uk. Retrieved 2014-04-13.
- ↑ Jenny Turner, "The Secret Sharer. Elena Ferrante's existential fiction", Harper's Magazine, October 2014.
- ↑ "D C Books". Archived from the original on 2007-06-03. Retrieved 2009-06-29. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help) - ↑ "Novel experience". Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ↑ 検索結, 果. ザ・大菩薩峠―『大菩薩峠』全編全一冊. 第三書館. ASIN 4807404083. Search this book on
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-08-31. Retrieved 2019-08-31. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help)CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) - ↑ "历朝通俗演义 - 图书". Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ↑ "张炜写就史上最长纯文学小说_手机网易网". 3g.163.com. 19 March 2010. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help) - ↑ "中国姚雪垠:《李自成》". t.icesmall.cn. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
- ↑ "蜀山剑侠传_还珠楼主_九九藏书网_手机版". m.99lib.net. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
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