Mashwanis
The Mashwani (Urdu: مشوانی) is an Arab origin tribe living in Afghanistan, the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan in Pakistan, Iran and India.[1][2][3][4][5] Syed Muhammad Masood was the progenitor of the tribe.[6][7][8]
| Mashwani | |
|---|---|
| Ethnicity | Asian People |
| Location | Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India |
| Descended from | Syed Muhammad Masood |
| Parent tribe | Sayyid |
| Population | About 200000 |
| Language | Pashto, Persian, Sindhi, Brahui, Hindi |
| Religion | Islam |
| Surnames | Mashwani, Banoori, Ludin, Kazmi, Roghani, Mousavi |
Ancestor
Mashwanis are descended from the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, through his daughter Fatimah and Ali. Mashwani is said to be one of the sons of Syed Muhammad Hamza (Gesu daraz I) in most of the Persian, Pashto and other historic books.[9][3][5][10][11][12][1][4][13][14][15][16][3] Syed Muhammad (Zafar)[7] was performing Fajr prayer when his maid came and gave him news about the birth of his son, Syed, who was titled "Mashwani" which means light of education or "Feather and Inkpot".[2] While the researcher Mir Syed Saqib Imad Al-Hussaini wrote that there is no such title given to Syed Muhammad Masood. There is no word “Mashwani” with the meaning given by the author of the book[2]; the descendants of Syed Muhammad Masood are called “Mashwani” because he moved from Ishan al Mashwan Basra to Osh and finally settled in the Afghan areas.[7]
Actually “Mashwani” is the name of the tribe, not a person. Mashwanis are descended from Syed Muhammad Masood.[7] He is the great-grandson of Gesudaraz I.[7][8][6]
In books [9][3][5] the authors say that Syed Muhammad Hamza (Gesu daraz I) settled among the Afghans and fixed his residence between the Kerranians, Kakers, and Sheeranies. So these three tribes enjoyed his blessed presence, and, learning from him the fundamental truths, directed their steps to the only true object.
A sudden fright and dread falling upon these three tribes, they had recourse to Syed Muhammad, soliciting his aid, that their calamitous condition might be removed. The Syed performed prayers on their behalf; by which interference of a saint they were released from their perilous situation. Thus the confidence of these tribes in him increased, but Syed Muhammed paid not the least regard to any offer or remuneration. The heads of the three tribes, making an agreement, the chiefs of this people offered him three young girls; the one from the Kerranians, the second from the Kakers, and the third from the Sheeranies. This offer Syed Muhammad accepted, and made them all three his lawful consorts.
“The above story is made by Nimat Allah al-Harawi which is wrong as Gesudaraz I had died in 1038 CE and Genghis Khan was born in 1162 CE.”[7]
Some time after, these three ladies were delivered of four sons; the Kaker lady, of Mashwani; the Sheerani lady, of Ishturani; and the Kerranian lady of twins, Honi and Vardak. These four clans are consequently Seidzadehs, but they are considered as Afghans.
The researcher Mir Syed Saqib Imad Al-Hussaini wrote that the names of “Mashwani”, “Hani”, “Wardag” etc. are not matching with the names of Sayyids. These are the names of tribes, not persons or progenitors. The persons' names are in Arabic language and they are great-grandsons of Gesudaraz I.[7]
Descendants of Ishturani, son of Syed Muhammad (Gesu daraz I):--Ishturani had five sons, Sanji, Tari, Muridi, Omarkhail, and Homar. Descendants of Mashwani, son of Syed Muhammad Kalan (Gesu daraz I):-Mashwani had nine sons, Tukuz, Lodin, Matakati, Suleiman, Roghani, Kazbuli, Ghareb, Khar bari, and Diaz.
“The above conflict of Ishturani is made by Sher Muhammad Khan Gandapur in book[12]; he has very limited knowledge about Sayyids. These all are tribe names. The Ishturani tribe is descended from Syed Abdul Wadood, who was the son of Syed Muhammad Sani, son of Gesudaraz I.”[7]
It must be therefore recollected, that these several clans among the Afghan nations are Syeds; viz. the Ishturanies, among the Sheeranies; the Mashwanis, among the Kakers; Hani and Vardak, among the Kerranians; the Khovandies, among the Davies; the Seidzyes, among the Tarens; the Gharsheens, among the Mianehs; and the Koties, among the Batnies, as has been recorded above:
But they are numbered among the Pathans, and never style themselves Syeds. With regard to this, they unanimously declare, “It would be highly improper and unreasonable, if we should style ourselves Syeds, after having left their order, and joined the nation of the Afghans; so that among them are our affinity and relations, as well as our commerce. Our ancestors also have declared, whoever of our descendants shall assume the title of Syed, is not descended from us.”[9][3]
The historian[4] Nimat Allah al-Harawi has very less information about Sayyids. He has made a lot of imaginary stories and used a lot of names and “Alphabetical characters” which are not used by Sayyids. All other historians have followed him. The high rank scholar and researcher Syed Adam Banuri has written about Gesudaraz I and his sons in his book named “Nikat-al-Asrar”. The modern Islamic researcher and Analyst Mir Syed Saqib Imad said in his research that Naimatullah has shared wrong information because he has very limited information about Sayyids, and made imaginary stories to fit the Sayyid tribes between Pashtuns who are local and indigenous tribes.[7]
Further Mir Syed Saqib Imad Al-Hussaini said in his research that there is no one named “Mashwani”; it’s not even a title. It’s just the name of the tribe given by local people because of the traveling of Syed Muhammad Masood from Ishan al Mashwan Basra.[7] Indigenous Historians who never have knowledge about Sayyids have shared wrong information about the tribes belonging with Gesudaraz I. He never married any Afghan women but his sons. Syed Adam Banuri, Mir Syed Saqib Imad Al-Hussaini, and Afzal Khan Khattak as a historian have shared correct information about the tribes.[8][7][6]
Gesudaraz I and Gesudaraz II
Some historians confused the title "Gesu Daraz" and have mistakenly referred to Bande Nawaz. In the history of Islam there were two personalities who were titled as Gesudaraz. One was Syed Muhammad Hamza (Gesudaraz I) who moved from Baghdad to Zhob, while the second one was Bande Nawaz Syed Muhammad Hussaini Gesudaraz II. Bande Nawaz was born and died in India and had never come to Afghanistan. There are many books written on the life of Bande Nawaz but it is not mentioned in any of them that Bande Nawaz had come to Afghanistan. While on the other hand Syed Muhammad Hamza (Gesudaraz I) is known for being the progenitor of several Arab tribes living in Pashtun people areas.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 (Pakistan), Baluchistan (1979). Balochistan Through the Ages: Tribes. Nisa Traders : sole distributors Gosha-e-Adab. Search this book on
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shah, Syed Yousaf (1930). حالات مشوانی. Lahore: Muhammadi Press. Search this book on
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Dorn, Bernhard (1829). History of the Afghans (2 ed.). pp. 56–57. Search this book on
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Khān, Muḥammad Ḥayāt (1981). Afghanistan and Its Inhabitants. Sang-e-Meel Publications. Search this book on
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Henry, Walter Bellew (1862). Journal of a Political Mission to Afghanistan in 1857, Under Major Lumsden: With an Account of the Country and People. National Library of the Netherlands: Elder Smith, 1862. Search this book on
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 خٹک, استاد افضل خان. تاریخ مرصع. Search this book on
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 عماد, سید ثاقب. "مشجرات سید محمد گیسو دراز الاول". ابحاث و تشریح در نسب شیخ المشائخ سید محمد.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 بنوری, شیخ سید آدم. نکات الاسرار. Search this book on
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 NimatUllah خواجہ خواجہ نعمت اللہ ہروی (1613). تاریخ خان جھانی مخزن افغانی Tarikh-i-khan jahani wa makhzan-i-Afghani (PDF). pp. 648–649. Search this book on
- ↑ Balfour, Edward (1885). The Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia: Commercial, Industrial and Scientific, Products of the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures, Volume 2. India: B. Quartitch, 1885. p. 215. Search this book on
- ↑ کرمانی, شاہ عطااللہ. روضہ الاحباب. Search this book on
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Gandapur, Sher Muhammad Khan (1894). تواریخ خورشید جھاں. Lahore: Islamiya Kutab. pp. 275–309. Search this book on
- ↑ Bellew, Henry Walter (1862). Journal of a Political Mission to Afghanistan, in ,1857 Under Major (now Colonel) Lumsden: With an Account of the Country and People. Orient Research Centre. Search this book on
- ↑ (Pakistan), Baluchistan (1907). Baluchistan District Gazetteer Series: Quetta-Pishin. printed at Bombay Education Society's Press. Search this book on
- ↑ Khalil, Malik Muhammad. Tribe Khalil & The Brighten Persons Of Khalil: Tribe Khalil, famous people of tribe khalil (in العربية). AttaUrRehman. Search this book on
- ↑ Juma, Khan (2015). Hayat-e-Mashwani. Search this book on
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