Mongol destruction of Iran
| Mongol destruction of Iran | |
|---|---|
| Part of Mongol invasions and conquests and Destruction under the Mongol Empire | |
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| Date | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
Attack type | scorched earth, mass killing |
| Deaths | 2,500,000 to 15,000,000 (3/4s to 75% of the Iranian population)[1][2] |
| Perpetrators | Mongol Empire |
The Mongol destruction of Iran[3] refers to Mongol conquest of Iran[4] and the ensuing mass killing there after. Before his death in 1227, Genghis had reached western Azerbaijan, pillaging and burning cities along the way. The Mongol invasion was disastrous to the Iranians. Although the Mongol invaders were eventually converted to Islam and accepted the culture of Iran, the Mongol destruction of the Islamic heartland marked a major change of direction for the region. Much of the six centuries of Islamic scholarship, culture, and infrastructure was destroyed as the invaders burned libraries, and replaced mosques with Buddhist temples.[5]
According to the works of the Iranian historian Rashid al-Din (1247–1318), the Mongols killed more than 700,000 people in Merv and more than a million in Nishapur. The total population of Persia may have dropped from 2,500,000 to 250,000 as a result of mass extermination and famine. Population exchanges did also in some cases occur but depends as of when.[1] Destruction of qanat irrigation systems destroyed the pattern of relatively continuous settlement, producing numerous isolated oasis cities in a land where they had previously been rare.[6] A large number of people, particularly males, were killed; between 1220 and 1258, 90% of the total population of Iran may have been killed as a result of mass extermination and famine.[7] Steven R. Ward claims 10,000,000 to 15,000,000 Iranians where killed in the conquest.[2]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Battuta's Travels: Part Three – Persia and Iraq Archived December 31, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Steven R. Ward (2009). Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces. Georgetown University Press. p. 39. ISBN 978-1-58901-587-6. Retrieved 21 June 2013. Search this book on
- ↑ https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C48&q=Mongol+destruction+of+Iran&btnG=
- ↑ https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C48&q=Mongol+conquest+of+Iran&btnG=
- ↑ The Il-khanate Archived 2007-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Water, ch. 3
- ↑ "Battuta's Travels: Part Three – Persia and Iraq". Archived from the original on 2008-04-23.
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