Name of the Catholic Church
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The name of the Catholic Church is typically derived from Catechism of the Catholic Church,[citation needed] promulgated for the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1992.[1][2] Attributed constitutional bearing, it sums up the teachings of the church.
In combination with criticism of Catholic ecclesiology, the name has sometimes been a subject of dispute due to its perceived unjust pretentions of exclusivity by proponents of other Christian denominations, most notably by Protestants during the 17th–19th centuries. Although these objections have been refuted on respective arguments of the right of self-designation, some public authorities, encyclopedias, media outlets and individuals have insisted on maintaining a criticial stance as implied to this retention until this day.[citation needed][original research?]
Terminology[edit]
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Catholic (from Ancient Greek: καθολικός, romanized: katholikos, lit. 'universal') was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century.[4] The first known use of the phrase "the catholic church" (Greek: he katholike ekklesia) occurred in the letter written about 110 AD from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans.[note 1] In the Catechetical Lectures (c. 350) of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name "Catholic Church" was used to distinguish it from other groups that also call themselves "the church".[5][6] The "Catholic" notion was further stressed in the edict De fide Catolica issued 380 by Theodosius I, the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire, when establishing the state church of the Roman Empire.[7]
Since the East–West Schism of 1054, the Eastern Church has taken the adjective "Orthodox" as its distinctive epithet (however, its official name continues to be the "Orthodox Catholic Church"[8]) and the Western Church in communion with the Holy See has similarly taken "Catholic", keeping that description also after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when those who ceased to be in communion became known as "Protestants".[9][10]
The use of the adjective "Roman" to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome (the Pope) became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages (6th–10th century).
Position of the Catholic Church[edit]
"Roman Catholic Church" has occasionally been used by the Catholic Church, including in documents produced both by the Holy See[note 2] and by certain national episcopal conferences,[note 3] as well as appearing in the names of certain ecumenical bodies such as the International Anglican–Roman Catholic Commission for Unity and Mission.[better source needed]
Prominent individuals of authority in the Catholic Church tend to support this name: "It is the Catholic Church, not the Roman Catholic Church. I know Pope Benedict is strongly against using ‘Roman Catholic’ [to describe the whole Catholic Church] because like me he lived through the Nazis. The Nazis called us römisch-katholisch to emphasize the Roman and downplay the Catholic. No German Catholic theologian would use ‘Roman Catholic’ in that way." – Cardinal Walter Kasper[11]
The name "Catholic Church" is usually applied in the church's own documents. Catholic Church is the only name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church,[12] and was the name with which Pope Paul VI signed the documents of the Second Vatican Council.[13][14][15]
Notes[edit]
- ↑ Quote of St Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans (c. 110 AD): "Wheresoever the bishop shall appear, there let the people be, even as where Jesus may be, there is the universal [katholike] Church."[5]
- ↑ Examples uses of "Roman Catholic" by the Holy See: the encyclicals Divini Illius Magistri Archived 23 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine of Pope Pius XI and Humani generis Archived 19 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine of Pope Pius XII; joint declarations signed by Pope Benedict XVI with Archbishop of Canterbury Rowan Williams on 23 November 2006 Archived 2 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine and Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople on 30 November 2006.
- ↑ Example use of "Roman" Catholic by a bishop's conference: The Baltimore Catechism, an official catechism authorised by the Catholic bishops of the United States, states: "That is why we are called Roman Catholics; to show that we are united to the real successor of St Peter" (Question 118) and refers to the Church as the "Roman Catholic Church" under Questions 114 and 131 (Baltimore Catechism).
References[edit]
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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., page 7
- ↑ MacCulloch, Christianity, p. 127.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Thurston, Herbert (1908). "Catholic". In Knight, Kevin. The Catholic Encyclopedia. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
- ↑ "Cyril of Jerusalem, Lecture XVIII, 26". Tertullian.org. 6 August 2004. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
- ↑ http://webu2.upmf-grenoble.fr/Haiti/Cours/Ak/Constitutiones/Thessalonique.htm Edictum de fide catholica
- ↑ "Eastern Orthodoxy", Encyclopædia Britannica online.
- ↑ "catholic, adj. and n." Oxford English Dictionary Online. Oxford University Press, June 2014. Web. 7 August 2014. Excerpt: "After the separation of East and West 'Catholic' was assumed as its descriptive epithet by the Western or Latin Church, as 'Orthodox' was by the Eastern or Greek. At the Reformation the term 'Catholic' was claimed as its exclusive right by the body remaining under the Roman obedience, in opposition to the 'Protestant' or 'Reformed' National Churches. These, however, also retained the term, giving it, for the most part, a wider and more ideal or absolute sense, as the attribute of no single community, but only of the whole communion of the saved and saintly in all churches and ages. In England, it was claimed that the Church, even as Reformed, was the national branch of the 'Catholic Church' in its proper historical sense." Note: The full text of the OED definition of "catholic" can be consulted here.
- ↑ McBrien, Richard (2008). The Church. Harper Collins. p. xvii. Online version available Browseinside.harpercollins.com Archived 27 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Quote: "[T]he use of the adjective 'Catholic' as a modifier of 'Church' became divisive only after the East–West Schism... and the Protestant Reformation. … In the former case, the Western Church claimed for itself the title Catholic Church, while the East appropriated the name Orthodox Church. In the latter case, those in communion with the Bishop of Rome retained the adjective "Catholic", while the churches that broke with the Papacy were called Protestant." "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2009.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
- ↑ https://prounione.blog/2012/02/
- ↑ http://ccc.scborromeo.org.master.com/texis/master/search/mysite.html?q=Roman+&sufs=0&order=r&n=0%7Chere
- ↑ The Vatican. Documents of the II Vatican Council Archived 5 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 4 May 2009. Note: The pope's signature appears in the Latin version.
- ↑ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13121a.htm
- ↑ http://www.ewtn.com/library/ANSWERS/HOWNAME.HTM
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