Northern Black Racer

Northern Black Racer
Coluber constrictor constrictor, northern black racer
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Genus:	Coluber Linnaeus, 1758
Species:	C. constrictor
Binomial name
Coluber constrictor Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
Coluber constrictor Linnaeus, 1758 Bascanion constrictor — Baird & Girard, 1853 Coryphodon constrictor — A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1854 Zamenis constrictor — Boulenger, 1893 Coluber constrictor — Stejneger & Barbour, 1917

The northern black racer (Coluber constrictor constrictor) is a subspecies of the eastern racer (Coluber constrictor), a nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The subspecies is present in the northeastern United States.

Geographic range

C. constrictor constrictor ranges from Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi in the south, to central New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine in the north, to Tennessee, Kentucky, and eastern Ohio in the west. At the southern end of their range, they overlap with Coluber constrictor priapus, the southern black racer, and at the westward end they overlap with Coluber constrictor flaviventris, the eastern yellow-bellied racer.

Symbol

The northern black racer is the state reptile of Ohio.

Gallery

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  Adult northern black racer, C. c. constrictor

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  Adult northern black racer, C. c. constrictor in typical habitat

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  Adult black rat snake, Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta, often confused with the northern black racer

External links

• Coluber Constrictor, The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
• "Black Snakes": Identification and Ecology - University of Florida fact sheet.
• Coluber constrictor, University of Michigan, Animal Diversity Web.
• Racer, Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa.
• Species Coluber constrictor at The Reptile Database

• "Blacksnake" . Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.

Further reading

• Behler, John L.; King, F. Wayne (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp., 657 color plates. ISBN 0-394-50824-6 Search this book on .. (Coluber constrictor, pp. 596–599 + Plates 468, 478, 480, 486).
• Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Zamenis constrictor, pp. 387–388).
• Conant, Roger; Bridges, William (1939). What Snake Is That?: A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (with 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (Coluber constrictor, pp. 44–47 + Plate 5, figure 15; Plate 6, figure 16).
• Goin, Coleman J.; Goin, Olive B.; Zug, George R. (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. xi + 378 pp. ISBN 0-7167-0020-4 Search this book on .. (Coluber constrictor, pp. 122–123, 322-323).
• Linnaeus C (1758). Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Stockholm: L. Salvius. 824 pp. (Coluber constrictor, new species, p. 216). (in Latin).
• Morris, Percy A. (1948). Boy's Book of Snakes: How to Recognize and Understand Them. (A volume of the Humanizing Science Series, edited by Jaques Cattell). New York: Ronald Press. viii + 185 pp. (Coluber constrictor, pp. 37–41, 179).
• Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp. , 47 plates, 207 Figures. ISBN 978-0-544-12997-9 Search this book on .. (Coluber constrictor, pp. 368–370, Figure 176 + Plate 32).
• Schmidt, Karl P.; Davis, D. Dwight (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Coluber constrictor, pp. 125–126 + Plates 4, 13).
• Smith, Hobart M.; Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3 Search this book on . (paperback), ISBN 0-307-47009-1 Search this book on . (hardcover). (Coluber constrictor, pp. 190–191).
• Stebbins RC (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. xiii + 533 pp. ISBN 978-0-395-98272-3 Search this book on .. (Coluber constrictor, pp. 351–352 + Plate 43 + Map 141).
• Wright, Albert Hazen; Wright, Anna Allen (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and New York: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). (Coluber constrictor, pp. 131–152, Figures 42-47, Map 17).
• Zim HS, Smith HM (1956). Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species: A Golden Nature Guide. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (Coluber constrictor, pp. 85, 156).

References

This article "Northern Black Racer" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Northern Black Racer. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.

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