Roma in Belgium
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| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 30,000[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Flanders, Brussels, Antwerp, Ghent, Sint-Niklaas | |
| Languages | |
| Dutch, German, French, Romani, Sinte Romani | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity |
There are no official statistics, but the Council of Europe estimates that there are around 30,000 Romani people living in Belgium (0.29% of the population).[2][3] This population is further divided into several groups:[3]
- Roma who lack Belgian nationality (20,000)
- Travellers/Voyageurs (7,000)
- Manouches and Sinti (1,500)
- Roms (750)
History[edit]
Origins[edit]
The Romani people originally came to Europe from Northern India,[4][5][6][7][8][9] presumably from the northwestern Indian states of Rajasthan[8][9] and Punjab.[8]
The linguistic evidence has indisputably shown that roots of the Romani language lie in India: the language has grammatical characteristics of Indian languages and shares with them a big part of the basic lexicon, for example, body parts or daily routines.[10]
More exactly, Romani shares the basic lexicon with Hindi and Punjabi. It shares many phonetic features with Marwari, while its grammar is closest to Bengali.[11]
Genetic findings in 2012 suggest the Romani originated in northwestern India and migrated as a group.[5][6][12] According to a genetic study in 2012, the ancestors of present scheduled tribes and scheduled caste populations of northern India, traditionally referred to collectively as the Ḍoma, are the likely ancestral populations of the modern European Roma.[13]
World War II[edit]
After 1933, many Roma from Germany and the Netherlands migrated to Belgium to flee from the Nazis who had just assumed power in the German Reich. When the Nazis began occupying territory in Belgium and the north of France in 1940, some fled further south. The remaining Roma population were prohibited from living in coastal areas from 1941, and forced to cary Zigeuner kaarten in 1942.[14] 354 Roma were imprisoned in Mechelen transit camp from 1942 to 1944, most of whom were then deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau.[15]
Recognition[edit]
Notable people[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ REYN Belgium
- ↑ "Belgium | European Commission". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2022-11-23.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The situation of Roma" (PDF). FRANET National Focal Point. Retrieved 2023-02-04.
- ↑ Hancock, Ian F. (2005) [2002]. We are the Romani People. Univ of Hertfordshire Press. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-902806-19-8: ‘While a nine century removal from India has diluted Indian biological connection to the extent that for some Romani groups, it may be hardly representative today, Sarren (1976:72) concluded that we still remain together, genetically, Asian rather than European’ Search this book on
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Mendizabal, Isabel (6 December 2012). "Reconstructing the Population History of European Romani from Genome-wide Data". Current Biology. 22 (24): 2342–2349. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.10.039. PMID 23219723.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sindya N. Bhanoo (11 December 2012). "Genomic Study Traces Roma to Northern India". New York Times.
- ↑ Current Biology.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 K. Meira Goldberg; Ninotchka Devorah Bennahum; Michelle Heffner Hayes (2015-10-06). Flamenco on the Global Stage: Historical, Critical and Theoretical Perspectives. p. 50. ISBN 9780786494705. Retrieved 2016-05-21. Search this book on
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Simon Broughton; Mark Ellingham; Richard Trillo (1999). World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Rough Guides. p. 147. ISBN 9781858286358. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
Roma Rajastan Penjab.
Search this book on
- ↑ Šebková, Hana; Žlnayová, Edita (1998), Nástin mluvnice slovenské romštiny (pro pedagogické účely) (PDF), Ústí nad Labem: Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity J. E. Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem, p. 4, ISBN 978-80-7044-205-0, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04 Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Hübschmannová, Milena (1995). "Romaňi čhib – romština: Několik základních informací o romském jazyku". Bulletin Muzea Romské Kultury. Brno (4/1995).
Zatímco romská lexika je bližší hindštině, marvárštině, pandžábštině atd., v gramatické sféře nacházíme mnoho shod s východoindickým jazykem, s bengálštinou.
- ↑ "5 Intriguing Facts About the Roma". Live Science. 23 October 2013.
- ↑ Rai, N; Chaubey, G; Tamang, R; Pathak, AK; Singh, VK (2012), "The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations", PLOS ONE, 7 (11): e48477, Bibcode:2012PLoSO...748477R, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048477, PMC 3509117, PMID 23209554
- ↑ "Voices of the victims – Belgium". RomArchive.
- ↑ "Factsheet on the Roma Genocide in Belgium - Roma Genocide - publi.coe.int".
External links[edit]
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