Sampra yoga

Sampra yoga - is a concept of the path of yoga set forth in the writings of the Indian philosopher, linguist and writer Patanjali (II century BC). in Yoga Sutras (pātanjala-yoga-sūtrāii).

Yoga in the Sutras of Patanjali is also called ashtanga yoga (Sanskrit, asht-anga) - which means the eight parts of yoga, i.e. the 'eightfold path of yoga' (not to be confused with ashtanga vinyasa yoga - the author's style of Pattabhi Joyce).

The eightfold path of Sampra yoga consists of the initial direction - vini yoga, eight parts and the final direction - sam yoga. Patanjali never called his yoga by his own name - i.e. Patanjali yoga, this name is given conditionally by the researchers of his works. In the Yoga Sutras, Patanjali calls the whole path of yoga - sampra yoga.

Currently, Sampra yoga is understood as the traditional native Indian yoga known to the modern world, but not only as the performance of asanas, pranayamas and kriyas, but also the entire path of Sampra yoga - from vini yoga, the eight parts and sam yoga. In other words, the path of a yogi from vini yoga, the eight parts and sam yoga, is sampra yoga.

Differences of Sampra Yoga from the Buddhist Eightfold Path and Kshatriya Warrior Yoga

1. Preparation for the eightfold path (turan), i.e. the initial level in Buddhist warrior yoga - Patanjali conveys another term 'tīvra' with the same meaning - 'energetic, intense, strong', and makes tīvra a preparatory stage in all eight parts of yoga. This is the original direction of yoga, known in martial arts as turan yoga - Patanjali calls vini yoga, emphasizing that this is not a style of yoga, but a direction of yoga.
2. Patanjali does not use the term hatha, but calls this yoga direction asanas.
3. Patanjali does not use the term kundalini, but gives a broader concept of energy and breathing - prana.
4. Patanjali does not use the term bhakti, but gives the concept of isvarapranidhanani, with the same meaning - 'devotional service to the Supreme'.
5. Patanjali does not use the term nirvana, but gives a broader concept of 'kayvalya', and calls the final direction of yoga sam-yoga.

In the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, yoga is called only the initial level - vini yoga, the middle level - kriya yoga, and the final level - sam yoga, and the whole path of yoga is called sampra yoga.

Definition of yoga according to Patanjali Yoga Patanjali in Sutra 1st, section 2m gives the following definition of the concept of yoga:

Yogash chitta vritta nerodha.

(Translation:

yogash = yoga is

chitta = purity of mind from

vritta = rotations of life and

nerodha = not birth to them again.

Or in other words: yoga is the control of mind modifications).

The conceptual meaning of the Eightfold Path, according to Sampra Yoga

0. Tīvra (preparation), - turan in the Rig Veda, and Turan yoga in the Buddhist eightfold path. Vini yoga at Patanjali.

I. Tīvra Yama and Yama (abstinence), Karma yoga in the Buddhist eightfold path. This includes the five universal commandments:

1. Ahimsa — nonviolence;
2. Satya — truthfulness;
3. Asteya — non-acquisition of someone else's (non-theft);
4. Brahmacharya is a state of mind in which a brahmachari (one who adheres to brahmacharya) is completely absorbed in the study of holy Vedic knowledge, constantly resides in Brahman and knows that everything exists in Brahman;
5. Aparigraha — non-possessiveness (rejection of gifts), non-accumulation, non-attachment.

II. Tīvra Niyama and Niyama (observance), Jnana yoga in the Buddhist eightfold path. Niyama — five rules:

1. Shaucha is purity, both external (cleanliness) and internal (purity of mind). Shaucha is considered on three levels. A) Cleanliness of the body is the practice of kriya, asana and pranayama; hygiene, wearing clean clothes, cleanliness of food, keeping the house clean and tidy. B) Purity of speech. This is compliance with the norms of language, good diction and the morality of statements. C) Purity of thoughts. This is the absence of negative emotions, such as hatred, fear, greed, pride, anger, lust, etc.;
2. Santosha — modesty, satisfaction with the present, optimism;
3. Tapas — self-discipline, diligence in achieving a spiritual goal;
4. Svadhyaya — cognition, study of spiritual and scientific literature, formation of a culture of thinking;
5. Ishvara-pranidhana is the acceptance of Ishvara (God) as one's goal, the only ideal in life.

III. Tīvra Asanas and Asanas (comfortable and stable body positions). Hatha Yoga in the Buddhist Eightfold path.

IV. Tīvra Prana and Pranayama (breath control), life force management, proper breathing). Kundalini yoga in the Buddhist Eightfold path.

V. Tīvra Pratyahara and Pratyahara (elimination of the senses), the distraction of the senses from their objects. Raja Yoga in the Buddhist Eightfold path.

VI. Tīvra Dharana and Dharana (concentration), Bhakti yoga in the Buddhist eightfold path.

VII. Tīvra Dhyana and Dhyana meditation. Kriya yoga in the Buddhist eightfold path and in Patanjali.

VIII. Tīvra Samadhi and Samadhi — contemplation. Tantra yoga in the Buddhist Eightfold path.

IX. Kaivalya - the discernment of purusha, the conscious witness, as separate from prakriti, and the liberation of purusha from the entangled defilements of prakriti. The exit to ananta is infinity. Nirvana in the Buddhist Eightfold path. Sam-yoga at Patanjali.

Bibliography

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