Shield and sink strategy
Diseases transmitted by droplets and aerosols like Covid-19 call for source control measures blocking transfer of potentially infected materials from patients to bystanders.[1]. The shield and sink strategy[2] denotes a source control measure in infectious respiratory diseases that minimizes transmission of potentially infectious respiratory secretions by blocking larger respiratory droplets through "cough shields"[3] and concomitantly removing expired aerosols through a strategically placed air purification[4] device.
The combination of the shield and the sink element overcome the limitation of each of the element when used in isolation:
- a "cough shield" alone may block the path of larger droplets with ballistic trajectories but at the same time splits and redirects the aerosol containing air jet in multiple directions, thus maintaining distribution of potentially infectious secretions across space, rendering it only partially effective for prevention[5]
- an "air purification device" alone reduces the persistence time of aerosol in a contaminated room[6] but is incapable of directly capturing the high-velocity jet and the ballistic droplets produced by coughing an sneezing and therefore does purify the air from infectious particles only slowly, after (potentially prolonged) recirculation in a room.
In accordance with the World Health Organization's[7] and expert's[8] call for minimization strategies of airborne transmission of the Covid-19 virus, the "Shield & Sink" approach has an application in minimizing disease transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic and in other respiratory infections transmitted by droplets and/or aerosols.
References[edit]
- ↑ Swissnoso; Sommerstein, Rami; Fux, Christoph Andreas; Vuichard-Gysin, Danielle; Abbas, Mohamed; Marschall, Jonas; Balmelli, Carlo; Troillet, Nicolas; Harbarth, Stephan; Schlegel, Matthias; Widmer, Andreas (December 2020). "Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosols, the rational use of masks, and protection of healthcare workers from COVID-19". Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control. 9 (1): 100. doi:10.1186/s13756-020-00763-0. ISSN 2047-2994. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Hunziker, Patrick (2020-12-16). "Minimizing exposure to respiratory droplets, 'jet riders' and aerosols in air-conditioned hospital rooms by a 'Shield-and-Sink' strategy". doi:10.1101/2020.12.08.20233056. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Lindsley, William G.; Noti, John D.; Blachere, Francoise M.; Szalajda, Jonathan V.; Beezhold, Donald H. (2014-08-03). "Efficacy of Face Shields Against Cough Aerosol Droplets from a Cough Simulator". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 11 (8): 509–518. doi:10.1080/15459624.2013.877591. ISSN 1545-9624. PMC 4734356. PMID 24467190.
- ↑ Ham, Seunghon (2020-04-17). "Prevention of exposure and dispersion of COVID-19 using air purifiers: challenges and concerns". Epidemiology and Health. 42: e2020027. doi:10.4178/epih.e2020027. ISSN 2092-7193. PMC 7340613 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32311865 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Akagi, Fujio; Haraga, Isao; Inage, Shin-ichi; Akiyoshi, Kozaburo (2020-12-01). "Effect of sneezing on the flow around a face shield". Physics of Fluids. 32 (12): 127105. Bibcode:2020PhFl...32l7105A. doi:10.1063/5.0031150. ISSN 1070-6631. PMC 7757660 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 33362403 Check|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Doremalen, Neeltje van; Bushmaker, Trenton; Morris, Dylan H.; Holbrook, Myndi G.; Gamble, Amandine; Williamson, Brandi N.; Tamin, Azaibi; Harcourt, Jennifer L.; Thornburg, Natalie J. (2020-03-17), "Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1", New England Journal of Medicine (letter), 382 (16): 1564–1567, doi:10.1056/nejmc2004973, PMC 7121658 Check
|pmc=value (help), PMID 32182409 Check|pmid=value (help), retrieved 2020-12-24 - ↑ "WHO's Science in 5 on COVID-19 - Ventilation - YouTube". www.youtube.com. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ↑ Somsen, G Aernout; van Rijn, Cees; Kooij, Stefan; Bem, Reinout A; Bonn, Daniel (July 2020). "Small droplet aerosols in poorly ventilated spaces and SARS-CoV-2 transmission". The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 8 (7): 658–659. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30245-9. PMC 7255254 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 32473123 Check|pmid=value (help).
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