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Unitary authorities of England

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Unitary authority area
Areas of England with a unitary authority system of local government as of 2026 (red)
CategoryLocal government in England
LocationEngland
Found inStrategic authority areas (some)
Number132[1] (as of 2026)
Possible types
Possible status
Populations2,224–1,141,816
This article is part of a series within the
Politics of the United Kingdom on the
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
England

In England, a unitary authority or unitary council[2][3] is a type of local authority that performs all local government functions, which is used in 132 of the districts of England.

The unitary authority system replaces the previous two-tier system of local government which was used near-universally across England from 1974 to 1986, in which local government responsibilities are shared between county councils and district councils. The two-tier system of local government has been replaced with the unitary system gradually over time, with the last remaining two-tier areas scheduled to be replaced by unitary authorities by 2028 as part of the upcoming changes to local government.

The districts which are under the jurisdiction of a unitary authority are also referred to as "unitary authority areas"[4][5] or "unitary areas".[3][6] The terms "unitary district" and, for those which are coterminous with a former two-tier county council area, "unitary county" are also sometimes used.[7][8][9][10] The term unitary authority is also sometimes used to refer to the area governed, such as in the ISO 3166-2:GB standard defining a taxonomy for subdivisions of the UK,[11] and in colloquial usage.[12][13][14][15]

Types

All unitary authorities carry out all local government functions in the district in question, but they have different legal definitions depending on the law by which they were created.

London boroughs and metropolitan boroughs

The London boroughs, created in 1965,[16] and metropolitan districts, created in 1974,[17] originally had two-tier local government, and became unitary authorities in 1986 following the abolition of the Greater London Council and metropolitan county councils.[1][18][12][19]

City of London and Isles of Scilly

The City of London and the Isles of Scilly, each having a unique form of local governance, have always been single-tier.[1] The Council of the Isles of Scilly is a sui generis authority created in 1890, and since 1930 has held the "powers, duties and liabilities" of a county council.[20] The City of London Corporation is also a sui generis local authority with similar functions to a London borough council.[21]

Non-metropolitan districts

In the rest of England outside of the London boroughs, metropolitan boroughs, City of London, and Isles of Scilly, unitary authorities are constituted under the Local Government Act 1992. This act amended the Local Government Act 1972 to allow the existence of non-metropolitan counties that consist of a single non-metropolitan district, thereby giving a unitary form of government. Most of the unitary non-metropolitan districts were established during the 1990s, with more created in 2009 and 2019–23.

These are usually constituted as a coterminous non-metropolitan district and non-metropolitan county. In Berkshire, they are constituted as non-metropolitan districts in the Royal county of Berkshire, with Berkshire retaining its status as a non-metropolitan county despite having no role in government after the abolition of Berkshire County Council.[22]

The size of the areas governed by the unitary non-metropolitan districts varies greatly. The authorities created in the 1990s are generally coterminous with one former two-tier district area and cover a single large town or city, while those created since 2009 generally cover larger areas, with some coterminous with an entire former two-tier county council area.

History

Background

The term "unitary authority" was first used in the Redcliffe-Maud Report in 1969 in its current sense of a local government authority which combines the functions of a county council and a district council.[23] Strictly speaking, the term does not necessarily mean a single level of local government within an area, because in some cases there are also parish councils in the same area.

Although the term was not applied to them, county boroughs between 1889 and 1974 were effectively unitary authority areas, that is, single-tier administrative units. Before 1889, local government authorities had different powers and functions, but from medieval times some cities and towns had a high degree of autonomy as counties corporate. Some smaller settlements also enjoyed some degree of autonomy from regular administration as boroughs or liberties.

The Local Government Act 1972 created areas for local government where large towns and their rural hinterlands were administered together. The concept of unitary units was abandoned with a two-tier arrangement of county and district councils enacted in all areas of England from 1974, except the Isles of Scilly where the small size and distance from the mainland made it impractical.

1986 reform

The Local Government Act 1985 brought about the abolition the six metropolitan counties and Greater London in 1986, with their functions being split between central government, the borough councils and joint boards. The London boroughs and metropolitan boroughs thereby became unitary authorities, marking the first step away from the two-tier system introduced across England in 1974.[24]

1990s reform

A review in the 1990s was initiated to select non-metropolitan areas where new unitary authorities could be created.[25] The resulting structural changes were implemented between 1995 and 1998. Bristol, Herefordshire, the Isle of Wight and Rutland were established as counties of a single district; the county administration of Berkshire was dissolved, though the county legally preserved to retain for its territory its royal designation, and each of its district councils became unitary; the counties of Avon, Humberside and Cleveland were broken up to create several unitary authorities; and a number of districts were split off from their associated counties.[24] The changes caused the ceremonial counties to be defined separately, as they had been before 1974. The review caused 46 unitary authorities to be created.[24]

2009 changes

A further review was initiated in 2007 and was enacted in 2009. The review established Cornwall and Northumberland as counties of a single district; established unitary authorities in County Durham, Shropshire and Wiltshire covering the part of the county that was not already split off in the 1990s review; and divided the remainder of Bedfordshire and Cheshire into two unitary authority areas. The review caused nine unitary authorities to be created.

2019−2023 changes

In 2017, it was proposed that two unitary authority areas be formed to cover the ceremonial county of Dorset. One of the authorities would consist of the existing unitary authorities of Bournemouth, Poole and the two-tier district of Christchurch, the other would be composed of the remainder of the county.[26] In November 2017, Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Sajid Javid stated that he was "minded to approve the proposals" and a final decision to implement the two unitary authority model was confirmed in February 2018. Statutory instruments for the creation of two unitary authorities, to be named Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council and Dorset Council, have been made and shadow authorities for the new council areas were formed ahead of their creation on 1 April 2019.[27][28]

Buckinghamshire County Council and the two-tier districts of Aylesbury Vale, Chiltern, South Bucks, and Wycombe in Buckinghamshire were replaced by a single unitary authority known as Buckinghamshire Council on 1 April 2020. The existing unitary authority of Milton Keynes was not affected; from 1 April 2020, therefore, the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire has been composed of two unitary authority areas.[29][30]

Following the declaration of insolvency by Northamptonshire County Council in early 2018, government-appointed commissioners took over control of the council's affairs. A March 2018 independent report commissioned by the Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government proposed to abolish the existing county council and district councils and to create two new unitary authorities in their place. [31] One authority, West Northamptonshire, would consist of the existing districts of Daventry, Northampton and South Northamptonshire and the other authority, North Northamptonshire would consist of Corby, East Northamptonshire, Kettering and Wellingborough districts.[32] This was confirmed in May 2019, with the new councils being created in April 2021.

In July 2021 the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government announced that in April 2023, the non-metropolitan counties of Cumbria, North Yorkshire and Somerset would be reorganised into unitary authority areas.[33] The new authorities, Cumberland, Westmorland and Furness, North Yorkshire Council and Somerset Council were first elected in May 2022 and formally assumed their powers on 1 April 2023.

English Devolution Bill

The Labour Party returned to power following the 2024 general election, and in her Autumn budget statement, Chancellor of the Exchequer Rachel Reeves outlined that a forthcoming English Devolution Bill would include plans for "working with councils to move to simpler structures that make sense for their local areas", suggesting that a new round of local government reorganisation could be likely.[34][35]

In February 2025 Jim McMahon, the Minister for Local Government and English Devolution, wrote to all two-tier and unitary councils in England stating that all local government will move to a unitary system with new council areas having a target population of at least 500,000. Councils were invited to work together and submit an interim plan by 21 March 2025 and a final proposal for reorganisation by 28 November 2025.[36] Local elections in East Sussex, West Sussex, Essex, Thurrock, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Norfolk, Suffolk and Surrey were delayed in May 2025, to accommodate local reorganisation.[37]

Restructuring

The process of changing from a two-tier local government to a structure based on unitary authorities is called 'restructuring'. The Secretary of State responsible for local government invites proposals from local areas to restructure into unitary authorities, and the Secretary decides whether or not the change should be implemented. The restructuring is carried out by an Order. There are no examples in the UK of councils restructuring back into a two-tier system.[38]

Criticism

Unitary government has been criticised for damaging local democracy. Opponents to unitary authority criticise the 'bigger is better' assumption and highlight that larger councils breed mistrust of councillors and reduction in public engagement and voter turnout. Outside the UK, multi-level local government is the prevailing system, with major towns normally having a local authority. The average size of a local authority in England is 170,000, three times that of Europe.[39]

Comparison

Unitary authorities combine the powers and functions that are delivered separately by the councils with two-tier governance. These functions are housing, waste management, waste collection, council tax collection, education, libraries, social services, transport, planning, consumer protection, licensing, cemeteries and crematoria. The breakdown of these services is as follows:[40]

Template:Non-metropolitan local authority functions

Electoral arrangements

Electoral arrangements for unitary authorities are set-out within the act of Parliament or statutory instrument establishing the authority. Most unitary authorities in England are divided into a number of wards from which councillors are elected.

Eight unitary authorities are instead divided into electoral divisions: Cornwall, County Durham, Isle of Wight, North Yorkshire, Northumberland, Shropshire, Somerset, and Wiltshire – legally, these are continuing county councils gaining district council functions.[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Buckinghamshire and Dorset unitary authorities were, however, established as new councils and divided into wards.[49][50]

List of unitary authorities

Unitary authorities are usually named after a town, city, geographical area or county (historic and or ceremonial). With no effect on powers or functions, districts can be granted the status of royal borough, borough or city. A district having a charter is dependent on the charter's wording: as a charter trustee to a place in the district; having joint charter to the place and district or to the district itself.

As of June 2026, there are 132 unitary authorities in England.

Unitary authority area Council Land area[51] Population (2024) Density[51] Created Type Ceremonial county Strategic authority
(km2) (mi2) (/km2) (/mi2)
Barking and Dagenham[16] Barking and Dagenham London Borough Council 36.11 13.94 212,906 6,447 16,700 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Barnet[16] Barnet London Borough Council 86.75 33.49 395,869 4,668 12,090 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Barnsley[17] Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council 329.1 127.1 246,866 765 1,980 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
South Yorkshire South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority
Bath and North East Somerset[52] Bath and North East Somerset Council 345.9 133.6 193,282 578 1,500 1996 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Somerset West of England CA
Bedford[53] Bedford Borough Council 476.4 183.9 173,292 409 1,060 2009 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Bedfordshire None
Bexley[16] Bexley London Borough Council 60.58 23.39 248,287 4,234 10,970 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Birmingham[17] Birmingham City Council 267.8 103.4 1,141,816 4,420 11,400 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Midlands West Midlands CA
Blackburn with Darwen[54] Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council 137.0 52.9 149,696 1,186 3,070 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lancashire Lancashire CCA
Blackpool[54] Blackpool Council 34.85 13.46 139,446 4,135 10,710 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lancashire Lancashire CCA
Bolton[17] Bolton Metropolitan Borough Council 139.8 54.0 287,550 2,218 5,740 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole[50] Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council 161.3 62.3 395,331 2,523 6,530 2019 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Dorset None
Bracknell Forest[22] Bracknell Forest Borough Council 109.4 42.2 122,549 1,196 3,100 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district
Berkshire None
Bradford[17] Bradford City Council 366.4 141.5 539,776 1,538 3,980 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Yorkshire West Yorkshire CA
Brent[16] Brent London Borough Council 43.23 16.69 329,771 8,164 21,140 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Brighton and Hove[55] Brighton and Hove City Council 82.79 31.97 290,885 3,427 8,880 1997 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
East Sussex Sussex and Brighton CCA
Bristol[52] Bristol City Council 109.7 42.4 463,377 4,508 11,680 1996 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Bristol West of England CA
Bromley[16] Bromley London Borough Council 150.1 58.0 332,336 2,234 5,790 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Buckinghamshire[49] Buckinghamshire Council [convert: needs a number] 543,973 370 960 2020 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Buckinghamshire None
Bury[17] Bury Metropolitan Borough Council 99.46 38.40 190,990 2,000 5,200 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Calderdale[17] Calderdale Metropolitan Borough Council 364.0 140.5 211,455 580 1,500 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Yorkshire West Yorkshire CA
Camden[16] Camden London Borough Council 21.79 8.41 270,029 9,961 25,800 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Central Bedfordshire[53] Central Bedfordshire Council 715.7 276.3 288,648 441 1,140 2009 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Bedfordshire None
Cheshire East[56] Cheshire East Council 1,166 450 384,152 361 930 2009 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Cheshire Cheshire and Warrington CA
Cheshire West and Chester[56] Cheshire West and Chester Council 916.7 353.9 343,071 404 1,050 2009 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Cheshire Cheshire and Warrington CA
Cornwall[41] Cornwall Council 3,546 1,369 569,578 165 430 2009 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Cornwall None
Coventry[17] Coventry City Council 98.64 38.09 371,521 3,741 9,690 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Midlands West Midlands CA
Croydon[16] Croydon London Borough Council 86.49 33.39 386,710 4,734 12,260 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Cumberland[57] Cumberland Council [convert: needs a number] 93 240 2023 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Cumbria Cumbria CA
Darlington[58] Darlington Borough Council 197.5 76.3 106,803 570 1,500 1997 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
County Durham Tees Valley CA
Derby[59] Derby City Council 78.03 30.13 257,302 3,514 9,100 1997 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Derbyshire East Midlands CCA
Doncaster[17] Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council 568.0 219.3 311,890 563 1,460 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
South Yorkshire South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority
Dorset[50] Dorset Council 2,491 962 378,508 157 410 2019 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Dorset None
Dudley[17] Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council 97.96 37.82 321,596 3,388 8,770 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Midlands West Midlands CA
County Durham[42] Durham County Council 2,226 859 530,094 242 630 2009 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
County Durham North East Mayoral Strategic Authority
Ealing[16] Ealing London Borough Council 55.54 21.44 341,806 6,949 18,000 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
East Riding of Yorkshire[60] East Riding of Yorkshire Council 2,405 929 341,173 148 380 1996 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
East Riding of Yorkshire Hull and East Yorkshire CA
Enfield[16] Enfield London Borough Council 80.83 31.21 333,794 4,052 10,490 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Gateshead[17] Gateshead Metropolitan Borough Council 142.4 55.0 202,055 1,424 3,690 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Tyne and Wear North East Mayoral Strategic Authority
Greenwich[16] Greenwich London Borough Council 47.33 18.27 287,942 6,331 16,400 1965 Royal Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Hackney[16] Hackney London Borough Council 19.05 7.36 281,120 14,007 36,280 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Halton[61] Halton Borough Council 79.08 30.53 129,410 1,663 4,310 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Cheshire Liverpool City Region CA
Hammersmith and Fulham[16] Hammersmith and Fulham London Borough Council 16.40 6.33 185,143 11,504 29,800 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Haringey[16] Haringey London Borough Council 29.60 11.43 268,647 8,912 23,080 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Harrow[16] Harrow London Borough Council 50.46 19.48 251,160 5,365 13,900 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Hartlepool[62] Hartlepool Borough Council 93.56 36.12 93,663 1,048 2,710 1996 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
County Durham Tees Valley CA
Havering[16] Havering London Borough Council 112.3 43.4 259,552 2,459 6,370 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Herefordshire[63] Herefordshire Council 2,180 840 192,801 88 230 1998 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Herefordshire None
Hillingdon[16] Hillingdon London Borough Council 115.7 44.7 306,870 2,845 7,370 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Hounslow[16] Hounslow London Borough Council 55.98 21.61 271,523 5,350 13,900 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Isle of Wight[43] Isle of Wight Council 380.2 146.8 141,771 373 970 1995 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Isle of Wight Hampshire and the Solent CCA
Isles of Scilly[20] Council of the Isles of Scilly 16.34 6.31 2,224 145 380 1890 Sui generis local government area Cornwall None
Islington[16] Islington London Borough Council 14.86 5.74 242,467 15,010 38,900 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Kensington and Chelsea[16] Kensington and Chelsea London Borough Council 12.12 4.68 156,129 11,918 30,870 1965 Royal Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Kingston upon Hull[60] Hull City Council 71.45 27.59 259,778 3,848 9,970 1996 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
East Riding of Yorkshire Hull and East Yorkshire CA
Kingston upon Thames[16] Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council 37.26 14.39 177,507 4,635 12,000 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Kirklees[17] Kirklees Metropolitan Borough Council 408.6 157.8 439,787 1,096 2,840 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Yorkshire West Yorkshire CA
Knowsley[17] Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council 86.50 33.40 150,862 1,879 4,870 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Merseyside Liverpool City Region CA
Lambeth[16] Lambeth London Borough Council 26.81 10.35 326,034 11,822 30,620 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Leeds[17] Leeds City Council 551.7 213.0 793,139 1,532 3,970 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Yorkshire West Yorkshire CA
Leicester[64] Leicester City Council 73.34 28.32 354,224 5,295 13,710 1997 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Leicestershire None
Lewisham[16] Lewisham London Borough Council 35.15 13.57 305,842 8,572 22,200 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Liverpool[17] Liverpool City Council 111.8 43.2 498,042 4,551 11,790 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
Merseyside Liverpool City Region CA
City of London[1] City of London Corporation 2.90 1.12 9,721 5,229 13,540 886 City,
Sui generis local government area
City of London GLA
Luton[65] Luton Borough Council 43.35 16.74 213,052 5,515 14,280 1997 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Bedfordshire None
Manchester[17] Manchester City Council 115.6 44.6 552,858 5,099 13,210 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Medway[66] Medway Council 193.5 74.7 278,556 1,511 3,910 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Kent None
Merton[16] Merton London Borough Council 37.62 14.53 206,548 5,808 15,040 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Middlesbrough[62] Middlesbrough Council 53.89 20.81 140,980 2,898 7,510 1996 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
North Yorkshire Tees Valley CA
Milton Keynes[67] Milton Keynes City Council 308.6 119.2 269,457 991 2,570 1997 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Buckinghamshire None
Newcastle-upon-Tyne[17] Newcastle City Council 113.5 43.8 302,820 2,826 7,320 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
Tyne and Wear North East Mayoral Strategic Authority
Newham[16] Newham London Borough Council 36.20 13.98 353,134 10,347 26,800 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
North East Lincolnshire[60] North East Lincolnshire Council 191.9 74.1 159,563 830 2,100 1996 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lincolnshire Greater Lincolnshire CCA
North Lincolnshire[60] North Lincolnshire Council 375.4 144.9 133,570 365 950 1996 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lincolnshire Greater Lincolnshire CCA
North Northamptonshire[68] North Northamptonshire Council [convert: needs a number] 379 980 2021 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Northamptonshire None
North Somerset[52] North Somerset Council 373.8 144.3 215,052 601 1,560 1996 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Somerset None
North Tyneside[17] North Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council 82.32 31.78 207,913 2,613 6,770 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Tyne and Wear North East Mayoral Strategic Authority
North Yorkshire[44] North Yorkshire Council [convert: needs a number] 79 200 2023 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
North Yorkshire York and North Yorkshire CA
Northumberland[45] Northumberland County Council 5,014 1,936 322,434 66 170 2009 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Northumberland North East Mayoral Strategic Authority
Nottingham[69] Nottingham City Council 74.61 28.81 332,900 4,437 11,490 1998 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Nottinghamshire East Midlands CCA
Oldham[17] Oldham Metropolitan Borough Council 142.3 54.9 237,110 1,767 4,580 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Peterborough[70] Peterborough City Council 343.4 132.6 202,259 651 1,690 1998 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Cambridgeshire Cambridgeshire and Peterborough CA
Plymouth[71] Plymouth City Council 79.83 30.82 262,100 3,407 8,820 1998 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Devon None
Portsmouth[72] Portsmouth City Council 40.39 15.59 214,905 5,307 13,750 1997 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hampshire Hampshire and the Solent CCA
Reading[22] Reading Borough Council 40.40 15.60 161,780 4,528 11,730 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district
Berkshire None
Redbridge[16] Redbridge London Borough Council 56.42 21.78 305,222 5,696 14,750 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Redcar and Cleveland[62] Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council 244.8 94.5 137,150 568 1,470 1996 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
North Yorkshire Tees Valley CA
Richmond upon Thames[16] Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council 57.41 22.17 198,019 3,427 8,880 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Rochdale[17] Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council 158.1 61.0 222,412 1,490 3,900 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Rotherham[17] Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council 286.5 110.6 265,411 965 2,500 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
South Yorkshire South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority
Rutland[64] Rutland County Council 381.8 147.4 39,927 109 280 1997 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Rutland None
Salford[17] Salford City Council 97.20 37.53 258,834 3,028 7,840 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Sandwell[17] Sandwell Metropolitan Borough Council 85.56 33.03 328,450 4,135 10,710 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Midlands West Midlands CA
Sefton[17] Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council 155.0 59.8 276,410 1,828 4,730 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Merseyside Liverpool City Region CA
Sheffield[17] Sheffield City Council 367.9 142.0 584,853 1,583 4,100 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
South Yorkshire South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority
Shropshire[46] Shropshire Council 3,197 1,234 323,136 104 270 2009 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Shropshire None
Slough[22] Slough Borough Council 32.54 12.56 149,539 5,143 13,320 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district
Berkshire None
Solihull[17] Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council 178.3 68.8 216,374 1,241 3,210 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Midlands West Midlands CA
Somerset[47] Somerset Council [convert: needs a number] 171 440 2023 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Somerset None
South Gloucestershire[52] South Gloucestershire Council 496.9 191.9 285,093 616 1,600 1996 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Gloucestershire West of England CA
South Tyneside[17] South Tyneside Metropolitan Borough Council 64.39 24.86 150,976 2,350 6,100 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Tyne and Wear North East Mayoral Strategic Authority
Southampton[72] Southampton City Council 49.91 19.27 252,520 5,201 13,470 1997 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hampshire Hampshire and the Solent CCA
Southend-on-Sea[73] Southend-on-Sea City Council 41.76 16.12 183,125 4,445 11,510 1998 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Essex Greater Essex CCA (planned)
Southwark[16] Southwark London Borough Council 28.86 11.14 318,830 10,901 28,230 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
St Helens[17] St Helens Metropolitan Borough Council 136.4 52.7 180,585 1,385 3,590 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Merseyside Liverpool City Region CA
Stockport[17] Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council 126.0 48.6 293,423 2,411 6,240 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Stockton-on-Tees[62] Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council 205.0 79.2 197,348 1,009 2,610 1996 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
County Durham
and
North Yorkshire
Tees Valley CA
Stoke-on-Trent[74] Stoke-on-Trent City Council 93.45 36.08 256,375 2,894 7,500 1998 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Staffordshire None
Sunderland[17] Sunderland City Council 137.4 53.1 277,705 2,100 5,400 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
Tyne and Wear North East Mayoral Strategic Authority
Sutton[16] Sutton London Borough Council 43.85 16.93 206,349 4,893 12,670 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Swindon[75] Swindon Borough Council 230.1 88.8 222,193 1,060 2,700 1997 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Wiltshire None
Tameside[17] Tameside Metropolitan Borough Council 103.2 39.8 226,493 2,323 6,020 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Telford and Wrekin[76] Telford and Wrekin Borough Council 290.3 112.1 179,854 675 1,750 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Shropshire None
Thurrock[73] Thurrock Council 163.5 63.1 174,341 1,105 2,860 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Essex Greater Essex CCA (planned)
Torbay[71] Torbay Council 62.89 24.28 136,264 2,228 5,770 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Devon Devon and Torbay CCA
Tower Hamlets[16] Tower Hamlets London Borough Council 19.79 7.64 324,745 16,787 43,480 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Trafford[17] Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council 106.0 40.9 237,354 2,273 5,890 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Wakefield[17] Wakefield City Council 338.6 130.7 348,312 1,086 2,810 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Yorkshire West Yorkshire CA
Walsall[17] Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council 104.0 40.2 285,478 2,843 7,360 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Midlands West Midlands CA
Waltham Forest[16] Waltham Forest London Borough Council 38.81 14.98 276,983 7,208 18,670 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Wandsworth[16] Wandsworth London Borough Council 34.26 13.23 329,677 9,855 25,520 1965 Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Warrington[61] Warrington Borough Council 180.6 69.7 210,014 1,192 3,090 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Cheshire Cheshire and Warrington CA
West Berkshire[22] West Berkshire Council 704.2 271.9 158,450 234 610 1998 Non-metropolitan district Berkshire None
West Northamptonshire[68] West Northamptonshire Council [convert: needs a number] 319 830 2021 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Northamptonshire None
Westminster[16] Westminster City Council 21.49 8.30 261,317 9,775 25,320 1965 City,
Borough,
London Borough
Greater London GLA
Westmorland and Furness[57] Westmorland and Furness Council [convert: needs a number] 61 160 2023 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Cumbria Cumbria CA
Wigan[17] Wigan Metropolitan Borough Council 188.2 72.7 328,662 1,833 4,750 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Greater Manchester Greater Manchester CA
Wiltshire[48] Wiltshire Council 3,255 1,257 500,024 161 420 2009 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Wiltshire None
Windsor and Maidenhead[22] Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council 196.5 75.9 151,422 809 2,100 1998 Royal borough,
Non-metropolitan district
Berkshire None
Wirral[17] Wirral Metropolitan Borough Council 157.0 60.6 324,011 2,044 5,290 1974 Borough,
Metropolitan district
Merseyside Liverpool City Region CA
Wokingham[22] Wokingham Borough Council 179.0 69.1 171,119 1,046 2,710 1998 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district
Berkshire None
Wolverhampton[17] Wolverhampton City Council 69.44 26.81 263,357 4,050 10,500 1974 City,
Borough,
Metropolitan district
West Midlands West Midlands CA
York[77] City of York Council 271.9 105.0 210,618 770 2,000 1996 City,
Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
North Yorkshire York and North Yorkshire CA

Upcoming unitary authorities

The Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government has decided to approve the creation of the following upcoming unitary authorities.[78][79]

Unitary authority area Council Land area[51] Population (2024) Density[51] Status Creation date Type Ceremonial county Strategic authority
(km2) (mi2) (/km2) (/mi2)
East Surrey East Surrey Council 563,643 Confirmed[80] 1 April 2027 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Surrey None
West Surrey West Surrey Council 685,006 Confirmed[80] 1 April 2027 Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Surrey None
Mid Essex Mid Essex Council 337,260 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Essex Greater Essex CCA (planned)
North East Essex North East Essex Council 521,285 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Essex Greater Essex CCA (planned)
South East Essex South East Essex Council 365,652 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Essex Greater Essex CCA (planned)
South West Essex South West Essex Council 374,621 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Essex Greater Essex CCA (planned)
West Essex West Essex Council 330,792 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Essex Greater Essex CCA (planned)
Mid Hampshire Mid Hampshire Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hampshire Hampshire and the Solent CCA
North Hampshire North Hampshire Council 402,023 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hampshire Hampshire and the Solent CCA
South East Hampshire South East Hampshire Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hampshire Hampshire and the Solent CCA
South West Hampshire South West Hampshire Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hampshire Hampshire and the Solent CCA
East Norfolk East Norfolk Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Norfolk Norfolk and Suffolk CCA (planned)
Greater Norwich Greater Norwich Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Norfolk Norfolk and Suffolk CCA (planned)
West Norfolk West Norfolk Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Norfolk Norfolk and Suffolk CCA (planned)
Central and Eastern Suffolk Central and Eastern Suffolk Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Suffolk Norfolk and Suffolk CCA (planned)
Ipswich and South Suffolk Ipswich and South Suffolk Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Suffolk Norfolk and Suffolk CCA (planned)
Western Suffolk Western Suffolk Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Suffolk Norfolk and Suffolk CCA (planned)
Fylde Coast Fylde Coast Council 348,381 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lancashire Lancashire CCA
North Lancashire North Lancashire Council 373,664 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lancashire Lancashire CCA
Pennine Lancashire Pennine Lancashire Council 520,653 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lancashire Lancashire CCA
South Lancashire South Lancashire Council 358,947 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lancashire Lancashire CCA
Devon Devon Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Devon Devon and Torbay CCA
Exeter Exeter City Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Devon Devon and Torbay CCA
Central Hertfordshire Central Hertfordshire Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hertfordshire None
East Hertfordshire and Broxbourne East Hertfordshire and Broxbourne Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hertfordshire None
South West Hertfordshire South West Hertfordshire Council 313,190 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hertfordshire None
West Hertfordshire West Hertfordshire Council 312,432 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Hertfordshire None
East Kent East Kent Council 424,559 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Kent None
Mid Kent Mid Kent Council 411,726 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Kent None
North Kent North Kent Council 528,337 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Kent None
West Kent West Kent Council 567,062 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Kent None
Greater Oxford Greater Oxford Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Oxfordshire None
North Oxfordshire North Oxfordshire Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Oxfordshire None
Ridgeway Ridgeway Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Berkshire, Oxfordshire None
Leicestershire and Rutland Leicestershire and Rutland Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Leicestershire, Rutland None
Greater Nottingham Greater Nottingham Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Nottinghamshire East Midlands CCA
Nottinghamshire Nottinghamshire Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Nottinghamshire East Midlands CCA
North Staffordshire North Staffordshire Council 494,803 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Staffordshire None
South and Mid Staffordshire South and Mid Staffordshire Council 682,775 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Staffordshire None
North Warwickshire North Warwickshire Council 331,060 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Warwickshire None
South Warwickshire South Warwickshire Council 301,147 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Warwickshire None
North Worcestershire North Worcestershire Council 293,445 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Worcestershire None
South Worcestershire South Worcestershire Council 327,915 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Worcestershire None
Derbyshire North Derbyshire North Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Derbyshire East Midlands CCA
Derbyshire South Derbyshire South Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Derbyshire East Midlands CCA
Lincoln City of Lincoln Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lincolnshire Greater Lincolnshire CCA
Lincolnshire Lincolnshire Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Lincolnshire Greater Lincolnshire CCA
East Sussex East Sussex Council Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
East Sussex Sussex and Brighton CCA
Gloucestershire Gloucestershire Council 669,380 Decided 2028 (planned) Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Gloucestershire None

Former unitary authorities

Unitary authority area Council Created Dissolved Type Ceremonial county Replaced by
Bournemouth[81] Bournemouth Borough Council 1997 2019 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Dorset Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole
Poole[81] Poole Borough Council 1997 2019 Borough,
Non-metropolitan district,
Non-metropolitan county
Dorset Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole

See also

References

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Notes

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