Yamai national theory
Script error: No such module "AfC submission catcheck".
The Yamai national theory theory (邪馬壹国説) is a theory about the Yamatai advocated by Takehiko Furuta, a historian of Japanese thought. It was argued in his article "Yamaichikoku" (邪馬壹国) (published in the "Journal of History"),[1] his book There was no Yamatai, and other works such as "Civic Antiquity" and "No. The History of Truth".
It revolves around the two different names of Yamatai in Chinese sources: Yamatai guo (traditional Chinese: 邪馬臺國) or Yemayi guo (traditional Chinese: 邪馬壹國) (Japanese Yamai)
There are two different characters in the name 臺 Tai meaning platform in Yamatai and 壹 I in Yamai meaning faithful
Summary[edit]
All of the books published in Records of the Three Kingdoms (Wajinden), without exception, refer to the country as either Yamai or Yamaichikoku (邪馬一国). There is little evidence to support the idea that this is the Yamatai.
In There was no Yamatai, the following are cited as arguments.
- Having checked all the examples of the use of "tai/臺" and "i/壹" in all the volumes of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and there is no place where it seems to have been mistakenly written as "i/壹".[2]
- In all the volumes of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "tai/臺" was a "supreme character" used only in the royal court of the Wei Dynasty or its equivalent. It is impossible for the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms to assign a supreme character to the name of a barbarian nation to which low characters such as "evil," "horse," and "base" are applied.[2]
- In the annotated edition on which the existing Romance of the Three Kingdoms is based, the author left no commentary on the "邪馬壹国" notation, although it was his policy not to revise the original text even after carefully comparing it strictly with other editions that had survived as of the fifth century. This suggests that all editions of the book at the time were written as "i/壹".[2]
- From the third century, when the Records of the Three Kingdoms was established, to the fifth century, when the existing editions were written, a study was conducted to see if the characters for "tai/臺" and "i/壹" were similar, but it cannot be said that they were similar enough to be misspelled.[2]
Although the "Later Hanshou" and other books refer to the country as the Yamatai Kingdom, as the example of the "Liang Shou" shows, not all of the books other than the "Wei Shi Waden" refer to the country as the Yamatai Kingdom, and this is not a basis for assuming that the Yamatai Kingdom is correct.
As far as the Book of Later Han Dynasty is concerned, there is no reason to believe that it is correct. (As far as the Book of Later Han is concerned, the country of Yamatai seems to be a kind of place name that refers to the location of the Japanese king.
In addition, Takehiko Furuta states that in light of the examples of usage in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc., it can be understood that the Chinese characters were assigned to include such favorable nuances as "ya/邪" (mysterious), "ma/馬" (affectionate like livestock), and "i/壹" (respectful to the Son of Heaven without double-mindedness).
Hypothesis[edit]
As for where the Yamatai kingdom existed, Takehiko Furuta advocates the Hakata Bay theory.
Hakata Bay Theory[edit]
The outline of the Hakata Bay theory is as follows. The following is a brief summary of the Hakata Bay theory: * The content of the Wei Wei biography should be interpreted without any revision of the original text and without any contradiction.
- It is inconsistent to mix "riyo" and "itinerary" in the itinerary article from Obikata-gun to Wicked Idoma. The reason is that as long as the total distance is stated as "12,000 ri," it should be possible to write the partial distance in ri. Therefore, the common theory that has interpreted the "20 days of water travel" to Tomakuni and the "10 days of water travel and one month of land travel" to Jima I-koku as part of the journey from Obikata-gun to Jima I-koku is erroneous.
- It is not a part of the journey from Obikata-gun to Jima-Ikoku, as there are no "preceding verbs" in the journey to Nukoku and Touma. It is a "side-line itinerary.
- The "main line itinerary" shows that the Yamatai is located south of Fumiakuni.
- The "ten days of water travel and one month of land travel" to Yamatai is a schedule from Obikata-gun.
- If the above interpretation is taken, the interpretation of the "half-circle" between the country of Tsushima and the country of Itaikoku would be consistent with the partial and total mileage in the Book of Records of Wei Wei, and can be interpreted without contradiction.
This can be summarized as follows.
(A) Sectional mileage
- 7,000-plus li Obikata-gunji → Guji Korea
- 1,000-odd miles Gouja Korea→Taihaeguk
- Fang 400-plus li Area of Tuhaeguk
- 1,000-plus ri Antihaeguk → One great country
- 300 li in a direction Area of a large country
- 1,000-odd miles Idaigoku → Surogoku
- Five hundred li Suuro to Itokoku
- Hundred li Itukoku → Nukoku (sideline)
- 100 ri Itukoku → Fuyakuni
(B) Total distance
- Obikata-gunji → Queen Country
(C) Schedule
- 20 days of water travel Fuya Province → Nukoku (side-lined itinerary)
- Ten days on water and one month on land Obikata → Queen's capital
Problems[edit]
- It is not clear where it existed in Yamai National Theory of Shichimando, but it is a question of where there is room for Shichimando in the northern Kyushu region.
- The "I" of Itokuni is taken as meaning "near this", and Itokuni is taken as meaning "near this capital", but "I" is sometimes used as "this", but never as "near this". If we apply Furuta's idea to Itokuni, it becomes "the country of this capital.
- In the Korean peninsula, roads and bridges were not built until modern times, and people generally came and went by boat along rivers and coasts. In addition, the Viceroy Yumzun of Obiang-gun was killed in battle in the Han Rebellion around the year Jeongseo 7 (246), and the security of the Korean Peninsula at that time was extremely poor and dangerous. In the first place, according to the description in the Book of Wei, the Wei envoy left Obikata-gun by boat, and I do not understand the reason why he abandoned the boat on the way and went all the way to zigzag inside the Korean peninsula where there was no road and it was dangerous.
- There are no "preceding verbs" on the way to Nukonukoku and Toumaukoku, and it is not a part of the journey from Obikata-gun to Toumaukoku. It is claimed to be a "side-line itinerary", but there is no usage support in the Chinese classics.
Related items[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Takehiko, Furuta. "邪馬壹国". Shigaku zasshi.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 1934-, Yasumoto, Biten (1980). 「邪馬臺国」はなかった : 古田武彦說の崩壊. Shin Jimbutsu Ōraisha. OCLC 978080897. Search this book on
This article "Yamai national theory" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Yamai national theory. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
