Cavatak
Cavatak is the trade name for a preparation of wild-type Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) developed by the Australian biotechnology company Viralytics Ltd. for the treatment of malignant melanoma[1][2][3] and other cancers such as breast, prostate[4] and head and neck cancer.[5]
Pre-clinical research[edit]
Within the Picornaviradae family of viruses, Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) is a member of the Human enterovirus C species. The virus consists of a single positive-stranded RNA genome within a capsid of approximately 28 nm in diameter. The virus is known to utilise the viral entry receptor ICAM-1 as its primary entry receptor, with DAF as a co-receptor to infect host cells.[6] Traditionally known as a common-cold virus that causes mild upper respiratory tract infections, the anti-cancer properties of this virus for the destruction of malignant melanoma cells was first published in 2004.[7] The proposed mechanism of CVA21 oncolysis is through the preferential targeting of melanoma cells that over-express the molecules ICAM-1 and/or DAF compared to normal cells.
CVA21 has also been found to have preclinical activity against breast[8] and prostate[9] cancer and multiple myeloma.[10]
Clinical trials[edit]
Cavatak is currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of malignant melanoma.[3] This is an open label study, and classified as a safety/efficacy study. Outcome measures will include immune-related Progression-Free Survival (irPFS) at 6 months, Durable Response Rate at 6 months, 6 month Progression-Free Survival, 1 year Survival, Overall Survival and provide information on the safety of intratumorally administered Cavatak and Quality of Life.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Intratumoural Administration of Coxsackievirus A21 for the Control of Malignant Melanoma". clinicaltrials.gov. PMID nct00235482. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
- ↑ "A Safety Study of Two Intratumoural Doses of Coxsackievirus Type A21 in Melanoma Patients". clinicaltrials.gov. PMID NCT00438009. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "A Study of Intratumoral CAVATAK in Patients With Stage IIIc and Stage IV Malignant Melanoma". clinicaltrials.gov. PMID nct01227551. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
- ↑ "Coxsackie Virus A21 Administered Intravenously (IV) for Solid Tumour Cancers". clinicaltrials.gov. PMID NCT00636558. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
- ↑ "Intratumoural Administration of Coxsackievirus A21 for the Control of Malignant Melanoma". clinicaltrials.gov. PMID nct00832559. Retrieved 2013-01-07.
- ↑ Shafren DR, Dorahy DJ, Ingham RA, Burns GF, Barry RD (1997). "Coxsackievirus A21 binds to decay-accelerating factor but requires intercellular adhesion molecule 1 for cell entry". J Virol. 71 (6): 4736–43. PMC 191695. PMID 9151867.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Shafren DR, Au GG, Nguyen T, Newcombe NG, Haley ES, Beagley L; et al. (2004). "Systemic therapy of malignant human melanoma tumors by a common cold-producing enterovirus, coxsackievirus a21". Clin Cancer Res. 10 (1 Pt 1): 53–60. PMID 14734451.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Skelding KA, Barry RD, Shafren DR (2009). "Systemic targeting of metastatic human breast tumor xenografts by Coxsackievirus A21". Breast Cancer Res Treat. 113 (1): 21–30. doi:10.1007/s10549-008-9899-2. PMID 18256929.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Berry LJ, Au GG, Barry RD, Shafren DR (2008). "Potent oncolytic activity of human enteroviruses against human prostate cancer". Prostate. 68 (6): 577–87. doi:10.1002/pros.20741. PMID 18288643.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ Au GG, Lincz LF, Enno A, Shafren DR (2007). "Oncolytic Coxsackievirus A21 as a novel therapy for multiple myeloma". Br J Haematol. 137 (2): 133–41. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06550.x. PMID 17391493.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
External links[edit]
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