Early December 2020 Hawzen massacre
Coordinates: 13°58′47″N 39°25′46″E / 13.97967°N 39.42942°E
| Early December 2020 Hawzen massacre | |
|---|---|
| Part of Tigray War | |
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| Location | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Date | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Target | Tigrayans |
Attack type | |
| Deaths | 5 civilians |
| Perpetrators |  Ethiopian National Defence Force  Eritrean Defence Forces |
The Early December 2020 Hawzen massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing that took place in Hawzen (Tigrinya: ሓውዜን) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 1 December 2020.[1] Hawzen is the capital of the woreda with the same name, in the Eastern zone of Tigray.
Massacre[edit]
The Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) and Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) killed five civilians in Hawzen (Eastern Tigray) on 1 December 2020.[1] In line with historical studies of massacres, including those committed during the Armenian genocide,[2][3] a massacre can be defined as a conflict incident in which at least five unarmed civilians were killed on the same day at the same location. Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters;[4] and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole such as in case of mass killings in churches.[5]
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Victims[edit]
The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” mentions five victims.[1]
Reactions[edit]
The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation”,[1] that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly with regard its Annex A, that lists the massacres.[5][6][7][8]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
- ↑ Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter
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- ↑ Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.
- ↑ Tigray Defence Forces, a military structure that came into existence during the Tigray War, consisting of a merger of Special Forces of the Tigray Regional Government, defected soldiers of the Ethiopian National Defense Force, local militia, members of Tigrayan political parties (TPLF, National Congress of Great Tigray, Salsay Weyane Tigray, Tigray Independence Party, ...) and numerous youth who fled to the mountains.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray
- ↑ EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region
- ↑ CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre
- ↑ The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified
External links[edit]
- Twitter: author @tvbempt; hashtags #NeverForget #SayTheirNames #Hawzen
- World Peace Foundation: Starving Tigray
- Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
- TGHAT: A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources
See also[edit]
- Hawzen massacre (1988)
- November 2020 Hawzen massacre
- Late December 2020 Hawzen massacre
- January 2021 Hawzen massacre
- February 2021 Hawzen massacre
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