Simret (Hawzen) massacre

Simret (Hawzen) massacre
	Part of Tigray War
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Target	Tigrayans
Attack type	Mass killing;
Deaths	48 civilians
Perpetrators	Ethiopian National Defence Force ; Eritrean Defence Forces

Coordinates: 14°05′35″N 39°23′29″E / 14.093086°N 39.391363°E / 14.093086; 39.391363

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The Simret (Hawzen) massacre was a mass extrajudicial killing that took place in Simret (Tigrinya: ስምረት) in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia during the Tigray War, on 29 or 30 January 2021.^[1] Simret is a tabiya that belongs to woreda Hawzen, Eastern zone of Tigray. It is located on the foot of Imba Tsiyon Mt.

Massacre[edit]

The Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) and Ethiopian National Defence Force killed 48 civilians in Simret (Hawzen) (Eastern Tigray) on 29 or 30 January 2021.^[1] The killing spree affected also the neighbouring villages of Degamba and Addi Beles. In line with historical studies of massacres, including those committed during the Armenian genocide,^[2]^[3] a massacre can be defined as a conflict incident in which at least five unarmed civilians were killed on the same day at the same location. Typical massacres committed by Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers in the Tigray war are (1) revenge when they lose a battle; (2) to terrorise and extract information about whereabouts of TPLF leaders; (3) murder of suspected family members of TDF fighters; and (4) terrorising the Tigray society as a whole such as in case of mass killings in churches.^[4]

Perpetrators[edit]

Relatives and witnesses interpreted the identity of the perpetrators as Eritrean soldiers.^[5]

Victims[edit]

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation” mentions 49 victims,^[1] of which four have been identified:^[5]

Felsit Silas (monk) (80), Simret
Gebreanenia Reda (80), Simret
Gebrehiwot Abrha (45), Simret
Gebrehiwot Gebru (55), Simret
Gebrehiwot Gerlse (40), Simret
Gebremichael Gebreselassie (30), Adibeles
Kinfe Zereu (28), Degamba
Priest Birhane Mezgebo (50), Simret
Priest Gebrekorkos Tikue (78), Simret
Priest Gebremariam Desta Hogos (69), Simret

Reactions[edit]

The “Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation”,^[1] that documented this massacre received international media attention, particularly regarding its Annex A, that lists massacres in the Tigray War.^[4]^[6]^[7]^[8]

After months of denial by the Ethiopian authorities that massacres occurred in Tigray, a joint investigation by OHCHR and the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission was announced in March 2021.^[9]

While the Ethiopian government promised that Eritrean troops will be pulled out from Tigray, the Eritrean government denies any participation in warfare in Tigray, let alone in massacres.^[10]

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on
↑ Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray Archived 2021-04-03 at the Wayback Machine
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources Archived 2021-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
↑ EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region Archived 2021-04-10 at the Wayback Machine
↑ CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre Archived 2021-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
↑ The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified Archived 2021-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
↑ France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe Archived 2021-04-22 at the Wayback Machine
↑ DW, 19 March 2021: Fact check: Are other nations involved in the war in Tigray? Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine

External links[edit]

World Peace Foundation: Starving Tigray
Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation
TGHAT: A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources
Twitter: author @tvbempt; hashtags #NeverForget #SayTheirNames #Simret

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[atlas-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Annys, S., Vanden Bempt, T., Negash, E., De Sloover, L., Nyssen, J., 2021. Tigray: Atlas of the humanitarian situation Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine

[2] Levene, Mark; Roberts, Penny (January 1, 1999). The Massacre in History. Berghahn Books. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-57181-934-5. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) Search this book on

[3] Melson, Robert (July 1982). "Theoretical Inquiry into the Armenian Massacres of 1894–1896". Comparative Studies in Society and History. 24 (3): 482–3. doi:10.1017/s0010417500010100.

[world-4] 4.0 ^4.1 The World radio (2 April 2021): Counting the victims in Tigray Archived 2021-04-03 at the Wayback Machine

[tghat-5] 5.0 ^5.1 TGHAT, A compilation of the verified list of civilian victims from different sources Archived 2021-07-11 at the Wayback Machine

[6] EuroNews, 2 April 2021 – See film embedded in the news item: G7 'seriously concerned' about human rights violations in Ethiopia's Tigray region Archived 2021-04-10 at the Wayback Machine

[7] CBC, 2 April 2021: As It Happens: The Friday Edition (from 28:00 to 35:30) Tigray, Ethiopia Massacre Archived 2021-07-16 at the Wayback Machine

[8] The Guardian, 2 April 2021: Ethiopia: 1,900 people killed in massacres in Tigray identified Archived 2021-08-14 at the Wayback Machine

[9] France24, 18 March 2021: UN rights chief agrees to joint Tigray probe Archived 2021-04-22 at the Wayback Machine

[10] DW, 19 March 2021: Fact check: Are other nations involved in the war in Tigray? Archived 2021-09-13 at the Wayback Machine

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