List of Muslim scientists
From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki
This is a list of Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization.
Astronomers and astrologers[edit]
- Sind ibn Ali (-864)
- Ali Qushji (1403-1474)
- Ahmad Khani (1650-1707)
- Ibrahim al-Fazari (-777)
- Muhammad al-Fazari (-796 or 806)
- Al-Khwarizmi, Mathematician (780-850 CE)
- Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar) (787-886 CE)
- Al-Farghani (800/805-870)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa) (9th century)
- Dīnawarī (815-896)
- Al-Majriti (d. 1008 or 1007 CE)
- Al-Battani (858-929 CE) (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (872-950 CE) (Abunaser)
- Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (903-986)
- Abu Sa'id Gorgani (9th century)
- Kushyar ibn Labban (971-1029)
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900-971)
- Al-Mahani (8th century)
- Al-Marwazi (9th century)
- Al-Nayrizi (865-922)
- Al-Saghani (-990)
- Al-Farghani (9th century)
- Abu Nasr Mansur (970-1036)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (10th century) (Kuhi)
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi (940-1000)
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī (940-998)
- Ibn Yunus (950-1009)
- Ibn al-Haytham (965-1040) (Alhacen)
- Bīrūnī (973-1048)
- Avicenna (980-1037) (Ibn Sīnā)
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (1029-1087) (Arzachel)
- Omar Khayyám (1048-1131)
- Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
- Ibn Bajjah (1095-1138) (Avempace)
- Ibn Tufail (1105-1185) (Abubacer)
- Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (-1204) (Alpetragius)
- Averroes (1126-1198)
- Al-Jazari (1136-1206)
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī (1135-1213)
- Anvari (1126-1189)
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi (-1266)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201-1274)
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236-1311)
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (1250-1310)
- Ibn al-Shatir (1304-1375)
- Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh al-Khalīlī (1320-80)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī (1380-1429)
- Ulugh Beg (1394-1449)
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526-1585)
- Ahmad Nahavandi (8th and 9th centuries)
- Haly Abenragel (10th and 11th century)
- Abolfadl Harawi (10th century)
- Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi (1200-1266)
Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists[edit]
- Aziz Sancar, Turkish biochemist, the first Muslim biologist awarded the Nobel Prize
- Ahmad-Reza Dehpour (1948- ), Iranian pharmacologist
- Ibn Sirin (654-728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation[1]
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy[2]
- Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology[3]
- Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health, [4] medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine[5]
- Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies[6]
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[7]
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception[8]
- Al-Biruni, pioneer of reaction time[9]
- Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of neuropsychiatry,[10] thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness[11]
- Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology[7]
- Syed Ziaur Rahman, pioneer of Environmental Pharmacovigilance
- Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease[7]
- Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture[12]
- Mohammad Samir Hossain, theorist,[13] author and one of the few Muslim scientists[14] in the field of death anxiety research[13] [15]
Chemists and alchemists[edit]
- Khalid ibn Yazid (-704) (Calid)
- Jafar al-Sadiq (702-765)
- Jābir ibn Hayyān (721-815) (Geber), father of chemistry[16][17][18]
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (810-887) (Armen Firman)
- Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus)
- Al-Majriti (fl. 1007-1008)
- Ibn Miskawayh (932-1030)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048)
- Avicenna (980-1037)
- Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201-1274)
- Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406)
- Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (1897-1994)
- Al-Khwārizmī (780-850), algebra, mathematics
- Ahmed H. Zewail (1946-2016), Egyptian Chemist and 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[19]
- Abbas Shafiee (1937-2016)
- Mostafa El-Sayed (1933- )
- Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936- )
- Atta ur Rahman
- Omar M. Yaghi (1965- )
- Sara Akbar
- Tahir Ullah Chemist (1995- )
Economists and social scientists[edit]
- Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699–767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Abu Yusuf (731–798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Al-Saghani (-990), one of the earliest historians of science[20]
- Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048), considered the "first anthropologist"[21] and father of Indology[22]
- Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist
- Ibn Miskawayh (1030-), economist
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist
- Al-Mawardi (1075–1158), economist
- Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist
- Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), sociologist
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), economist
- Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), forerunner of social sciences[23] such as demography,[24] cultural history,[25] historiography,[26] philosophy of history,[27] sociology[24][27] and economics[28][29]
- Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), economist
- Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani social scientist; pioneer of microcredit
- Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Peace Prize winner Bangladeshi economist; pioneer of microfinance
- Shah Abdul Hannan, pioneer of Islamic banking in South Asia
- Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistani economist; developer of Human Development Index and founder of Human Development Report[30][31]
Geographers and earth scientists[edit]
- Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography[32]
- Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science[33]
- al-Hamdani
- Ibn Al-Jazzar
- Al-Tamimi
- Al-Masihi
- Ali ibn Ridwan
- Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
- Ahmad ibn Fadlan
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy,[21][24] considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"[21]
- Avicenna
- Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
- Averroes
- Ibn al-Nafis
- Ibn Jubayr
- Ibn Battuta
- Ibn Khaldun
- Piri Reis
- Evliya Çelebi
Mathematicians[edit]
- Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies
- Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda (1926 Tokyo–2003 Ankara)
- Cahit Arf (1910 Selanik (Thessaloniki)–1997 Istanbul)
- Ali Qushji
- Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar
- Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
- Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Algorismi), father of algebra[34] and algorithms[35]
- 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk
- Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī (1412–1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra[36]
- Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam
- Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
- Al-Mahani
- Ahmed ibn Yusuf
- Al-Majriti
- Al-Battani (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
- Al-Nayrizi
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
- Brethren of Purity
- Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
- Al-Saghani
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
- Ibn Sahl
- Al-Sijzi
- Ibn Yunus
- Abu Nasr Mansur
- Kushyar ibn Labban
- Al-Karaji
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
- Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
- Al-Nasawi
- Al-Jayyani
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)
- Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
- Omar Khayyám
- Al-Khazini
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
- Al-Marrakushi
- Al-Samawal
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
- Ibn Seena (Avicenna)
- Hunayn ibn Ishaq
- Ibn al-Banna'
- Ibn al-Shatir
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
- Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
- Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher
- Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
- Ulugh Beg
- Al-Samawal al-Maghribi (1130–1180)
Philosophers[edit]
For a detailed list of Muslim philosophers, refer to the List of Muslim philosophers, for an exhaustive list of widely-known philosophers with Muslim faith or Islamic background, including modern day philosophers from Muslim community, a list is given here;
- Al-Kindi
- Averroes
- Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
- Al-Farabi
- Avicenna
- Ibn Arabi
- Rumi
- Jami
- Ibn Khaldun
- Mir Damad
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
- Muhammad Iqbal
- Quassim Cassam
Physicians and surgeons[edit]
Physicists and engineers[edit]
- Mimar Sinan (1489-1588), also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ
- Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
- Al-Saghani (d. 990)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century
- Ibn Sahl, 10th century
- Ibn Yunus, 10th century
- Al-Karaji, 10th century
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics,[37] and experimental physics,[38] considered the "first scientist"[39]
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics[40]
- Ibn Sīnā/Seena (Avicenna), 11th century
- Al-Khazini, 12th century
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
- Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century
- Ibn Rushd/Rooshd (Averroes), 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
- Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer,
- Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century
- Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, 16th century
- Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, 17th century
- Lagari Hasan Çelebi, 17th century
- Sake Dean Mahomet, 18th century
- Abdus Salam, 20th century Pakistani physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in 1979
- Fazlur Khan, 20th century Bangladeshi Structural Engineer
- Mahmoud Hessaby, 20th century Iranian physicist
- Ali Javan, 20th century Iranian physicist
- B. J. Habibie, 20th century Indonesian aerospace engineer and president
- Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer, nuclear scientist and the 11th President of India
- Mehran Kardar, Iranian theoretical physicist
- Munir Nayfeh Palestinian-American particle physicist
- Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani metallurgist and nuclear scientist
- Riazuddin, Pakistani theoretical physicist
- Samar Mubarakmand, Pakistani nuclear scientist known for his research in gamma spectroscopy and experimental development of the linear accelerator
- Shahid Hussain Bokhari, Pakistani researcher in the field of parallel and distributed computing
- Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood, Pakistani nuclear engineer and nuclear physicist
- Ali Musharafa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Munir Ahmed Khan, Pakistani nuclear scientist
- Kerim Kerimov, founder of Soviet space program, a lead architect behind first human spaceflight (Vostok 1), and the lead architect of the first space stations (Salyut and Mir)[41][42]
- Farouk El-Baz, NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program[43]
- Cumrun Vafa, Iranian theoretical physicist and string theorist
- Jamal Nazrul Islam, Bangladeshi mathematical physicist and cosmologist
Political scientists[edit]
- Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
- Taqiuddin al-Nabhani
- Syed Qutb
- Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr
- Abul Ala Maududi
- Hasan al-Turabi
- Hassan al-Banna
- Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
- M. A. Muqtedar Khan
- Rashid al-Ghannushi
- Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb
- Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
- Mohammad Ali Jinnah
- Allama Muhammad Iqbal
Notes[edit]
- ↑ Haque 2004, p. 375.
- ↑ Saoud 2004.
- ↑ Haque 2004, p. 361.
- ↑ Deuraseh & Abu Talib 2005.
- ↑ Haque 2004, p. 362.
- ↑ Haque 2004, p. 363.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Martin-Araguz et al. 2002.
- ↑ Khaleefa 1999.
- ↑ Iqbal 1934.
- ↑ Safavi-Abbasi, Brasiliense & Workman 2007.
- ↑ Nasr & Leaman 1996.
- ↑ Russell 1994.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Death and Dying 2009.
- ↑ Siddique 2009.
- ↑ Meyers, Golden & Peterson 2009.
- ↑ Warren 2005.
- ↑ Zahoor 1997.
- ↑ Vallely 2006.
- ↑ "All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry". The Nobel Prize.
- ↑ Rosenthal 1950, p. 559.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Ahmed 1984.
- ↑ Khan 2000.
- ↑ Ahmed 2002.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Mowlana 2001.
- ↑ Abdalla 2007.
- ↑ Ahmed 1999.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Akhtar 1997.
- ↑ Oweiss 1988.
- ↑ Boulakia 1971.
- ↑ ul Haq 1995.
- ↑ Sen 2000.
- ↑ "Mas'udi, al-". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006.
- ↑ Gari 2002.
- ↑ Gandz 1936.
- ↑ Nanisetti 2006.
- ↑ O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu'l Hasan ibn Ali al Qalasadi", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews.
- ↑ Al Deek 2004.
- ↑ Thiele 2005.
- ↑ Al-Khalili 2009.
- ↑ Rozhanskaya & Levinova 1996.
- ↑ Bond 2003.
- ↑ Blair 1995.
- ↑ IslamOnline 2008.
References[edit]
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