List of damaged Islamic and Azerbaijani sites during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
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After Shusha was captured in 1992 during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict,[1] according to Armenian commander Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan, the city was looted and burnt by Armenian citizens from nearby Stepanakert, who had endured months of bombing and shelling from Azerbaijani forces. He also noted it was part of a Karabakh Armenian superstition of burning houses to prevent the enemy from returning.[2] As of 2002, ten years later after the city's capture by the Armenian forces, some 80% of the town was in ruins.[3] Armenians also dismantled and sold off historic dark bronze busts of three Azerbaijani musicians and poets from Shusha.[4]
OIC Resolution 10/11 stated the concern of the member states over "any looting and destruction of the archeological, cultural and religious monuments in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan" (including Islamic monuments).[5][6] The third part of OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37 expressed concern over Armenian aggression on the Islamic heritage such as mosques, mausoleums, graves, archaeological excavations, museums, libraries, art exhibition halls, and government theatres and conservatories, recognized these acts as an attempt to totally annihilate Islamic heritage in the occupied Azerbaijani territories and asserted Azerbaijan's entitlement to "adequate compensation for the damages it has sustained" and affirmed the Republic of Armenia's responsibility to pay up full compensation for such damages.[7][8]
OSCE fact-finding mission found the Fuzuli city in ruins in 2005.[9] Agdam city was destroyed in and after Armenian attack. Armenians searched the ruins for anything useful even after destruction.[10] After the end of 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, it has been found out that not only houses, but graveyards were destroyed by Armenian side. Pictures of a mosque in Alkhanli village that had been turned into a cowshed, caused outrage in Azerbaijani side. Azerbaijani Ministry of Culture also noted alterations to the Shahbulaq fortress in Aghdam.[11]
In late 2020, both Armenia and Azerbaijan filed cases against each other related to the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Armenia v. Azerbaijan as well as Azerbaijan v. Armenia. The Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights is to consider both cases.[12] In Azerbaijan v. Armenia case, Azerbaijani side claims that Azerbaijani sites including mosques, libraries, historical monuments were destroyed by Armenian side until 2020. It includes Shusha cemeteries and 65 mosques (or Islamic shrines) out of 67. Remaining two mosques were damaged.[13]
Karabagh Armenians restored Shuhsa's two mosques. But it became another controversy because of the fact that they were presented as "Iranian" or "Persian" when in fact Turkic-speaking Shiite founders of these religious sites were related more to modern Azerbaijanis.[11]
List[edit]
| Site | Azerbaijani side claims | Third party views |
|---|---|---|
| Sheykh Babi Yagub Mausoleum | It was heavily damaged by the Armenian Armed Forces on 29 September, 2020, during the clashes with Azerbaijan.[14][third-party source needed] | |
| Azerbaijani graves in Jabrayil | Several ambassadors who visited the ruined city in February 2021 expressed their shock at the state of the city[15] and added that a number of graves had been defaced or dug up.[16] A BBC report noted that the homes and graves of Azerbaijanis had been completely destroyed during the Armenian occupation[17] | |
| Shikh Baba Mausoleum | The Shikh Baba Mausoleum in the Shykhlar village of the Jabrayil District, which was liberated after 27 years, has not been demolished, although it is in a neglected condition.[18][third-party source needed] | |
| Agdam Mosque | Associated Press reported that the Agdam Mosque was the only structurally intact building in the city, and that Armenians vandalized it with graffiti and used it as a stable for cattle and swine for years.[19] | |
| Graves in the Martyr’s Alley in the Aghdam district | Graves were excavated in order to find construction material and gold teeth.[20] | |
| Grave and commemorative complex of Natavan Hurshudbani | Vandalized and partly destroyed.[20] | |
| Azerbaijani graves in Kalbajar | According to Donatella Rovera, Amnesty International's senior crisis adviser, who traveled to Kalbajar soon after it was returned to Azerbaijan's control, "during 27 years of occupation all was looted – not a door, nor a window, not a single roof tile was left in the houses of the Azerbaijanis who had to flee in 1993".[21][better source needed] She also reported observing in the cemetery of Kalbajar smashed graves "of Azerbaijanis who were buried here before the 1993 Armenian occupation. Some graves were freshly smashed, seemingly by Armenians who left the area last week after 27 years of occupation".[22][better source needed] | |
| Sari Ashig memorial Museum | Destroyed and plundered.[13][third-party source needed] | |
| Istisu resort | During the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, after the occupation of Kalbajar by Armenian forces in 1993, the resort was completely destroyed.[23] | |
| House of Khurshidbanu Natavan (museum) | According to the Azerbaijani officials, the Armenian forces destroyed and looted hundreds of paintings, carpets, miniatures, souvenirs and archaeological samples collected in the museum.[24][third-party source needed] | |
| House-Museum of Bulbul (Shusha) | The museum was closed following the capture of Shusha by Armenian forces in 1992.[25] It has since been vandalized and the bust of Bulbul in front of the museum has been destroyed.[26][third-party source needed] | |
| Vagif Mausoleum | Azerbaijani state media has claimed that the mausoleum has been vandalized by Armenian forces following the capture of Shusha in 1992.[27] The state of the mausoleum steadily deteriorated during the Armenian control over the town from 1992 to 2020.[28][third-party source needed] | |
| Mamar Mosque | Azerbaijan's presidential aide Hikmat Hajiyev posted footage of the mosque and wrote on Twitter that during Armenia's occupation, the mosque was "transformed into a pigsty", calling on UNESCO, ICESCO, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) to condemn and take action against Armenia.[29][30][31] | The General Secretariat of the OIC expressed concern about the "condition of historical monuments in and around Nagorno-Karabakh that are an integral part of Islamic heritage", criticizing the "misappropriation and falsification of history" and the "deliberate destruction and looting of material and spiritual artifacts" with regard to the destroyed Mamar Mosque.[32] |
| Giyasly village Mosque | The photojournalist Reza Deghati, who visited Aghdam shortly after it, noted that before leaving the region, the Armenians set the mosque in Giyasly on fire.[33]
The Kommersant correspondent Kirill Krivosheev, who also visited the village, noted that there were piles of hay in the village mosque, and a corral was made nearby.[34] | |
| Qochehmedli mosque | According to the Deputy Minister of Culture of Azerbaijan, “as a result of the Armenian occupation, the village mosque was partially destroyed and was used by the Armenians as a barn”.[35][third-party source needed] | |
| Qochehmedli mosque | According to the Deputy Minister of Culture of Azerbaijan, “as a result of the Armenian occupation, the village mosque was partially destroyed and was used by the Armenians as a barn”.[36][third-party source needed] | |
| Imamzadeh of Ganja | Damaged as result of Armenian shelling in 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War.[13][third-party source needed] | |
| Ganja Men's Gymnasium | Damaged as result of Armenian shelling in 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War.[13][third-party source needed] |
References[edit]
- ↑ "Шуша - цитадель Карабаха: почему она важна для азербайджанцев и армян" [Shusha is the citadel of Karabakh: why is it important for Azerbaijanis and Armenians]. BBC Russian Service (in русский). 7 November 2020. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Shusha Armenians recall their bittersweet victory". IWPR. 10 May 2002. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2021. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ de Waal, Thomas (10 May 2002). "Shusha Armenians Recall Their Bittersweet Victory". Institute for War and Peace Reporting. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ de Waal, Thomas (2003, 2013). Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace And War. New York University Press, pp. 196-197.
- ↑ "Organization of Islamic Conference. RESOLUTIONS ON POLITICAL AFFAIRS ADOPTED BY THE ELEVENTH SESSION OF THE ISLAMIC SUMMIT CONFERENCE" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2010-12-13. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "OIC RESEARCH CENTRE FOR ISLAMIC HISTORY, ART AND CULTURE" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-12-13.
- ↑ "Organization of Islamic Conference. The Destruction and Desecration of Islamic Historical and Cultural Relics and Shrines in the Occupied Azerbaijan Territories Resulting From the Aggression of the Republic of Armenia Against the Republic of Azerbaijan" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ↑ R. Orujev (2010-05-20). "Министры иностранных дел ОИК приняли три резолюции по Нагорному Карабаху" [Ministers of Foreign Affairs of OIC adopted three resolutions on Nagorno-Karabakh]. Ekho. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
- ↑ OSCE Minsk Group, 31 January-5 February 2005, Report of the OSCE Fact-Finding Mission (FFM) to the Occupied Territories of Azerbaijan Surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) (April 2005), pp. 7–8.
- ↑ P. Osterlund, “After the war: Touring Azerbaijan’s reclaimed territories”, Eurasianet (22 December 2020), available at https://eurasianet.org/after-the-war-touring-azerbaijans-reclaimedterritories.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Thomas de Waal, “Perspectives | Now comes a Karabakh war over cultural heritage”, Eurasianet (16 November 2020), available at https://eurasianet.org/perspectives-now-comes-a-karabakh-war-over-cultural-heritage .
- ↑ Ghazanchyan, Siranush (12 May 2021). "ECtHR Grand Chamber to examine two inter-state cases lodged by Armenia and Azerbaijan". Public Radio of Armenia. Retrieved 28 September 2021.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN v. REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA). APPLICATION INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGS filed in the Registry of the Court on 23 September 2021
- ↑ "Erməni təxribatı nəticəsində Şeyx Babı türbəsinə ciddi ziyan dəyib". apa.az (in azərbaycanca). 29 September 2020. Archived from the original on 29 September 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
- ↑ "It's really painful to see such scenes in Jabrayil – Croatian ambassador". azernews.az. AzerNews. 6 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ↑ "Afghanistan's ambassador: The sight we saw in Jabrayil was terrible". apa.az. APA. 6 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ↑ "Who Won the Karabakh War?". bbc.co.uk. BBC. 26 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ↑ "Füzulinin 3, Cəbrayılın 4 kəndi işğaldan azad edilib". report.az. October 22, 2020. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
- ↑ Manenkov, Kostya (20 November 2020). "Azerbaijani leader hails handover of region ceded by Armenia". Associated Press. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 T. Kuzio, “Mines, Karabakh and Armenia’s crisis”, New Eastern Europe (16 April 2021), available at https://neweasterneurope.eu/2021/04/16/mines-karabakh-andarmenias-ccrisis
- ↑ Rovera, Donatella. "Twit on Kalbajar district, 2 December 2020". Twitter. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ↑ Rovera, Donatella. "Twit on Kalbajar cemetery, 2 December 2020". Twitter. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
- ↑ Kucera, Joshua (August 5, 2018). "For Armenians, they're not occupied territories – they're the homeland". eurasianet.org.
- ↑ ""Qarabağ – mədəniyyətimizin beşiyi": Xurşidbanu Natəvanın evi" ["Karabakh – the cradle of our culture": The House of Khurshidbanu Natavan]. Azerbaijani Ministry of Culture (in azərbaycanca). 8 October 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2021. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "BRANCH". bulbulmuseum.az. Retrieved 2020-02-18.
- ↑ "Prezident İlham Əliyev Füzuli rayonunda Füzuli-Şuşa yolunun və hava limanının təməlini qoyub, Şuşa şəhərində səfərdə olub". apa.az. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ↑ "Şuşa Azərbaycan mədəniyyətinin paytaxtı, Xarı bülbül Qarabağın azadlıq rəmzi oldu". azertag.az (in azərbaycanca). Azer Tac. 8 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ↑ "İlham Əliyev Vaqif türbəsini ziyarət edib". baku.ws (in azərbaycanca). 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ↑ Aydogan, Merve (6 November 2020). "Mosque turned into pigsty under Armenia's occupation". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 17 November 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Ismayilova, Vafa (6 November 2020). "Azerbaijan slams Armenia's desecration of mosque in Gubadli". AzerNews. Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Baku publishes video of Yerevan's desecration of mosques, cemeteries in Kar". news.ru. 7 November 2020. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- ↑ "OIC Expresses Concern over Destruction of Islamic Historical Shrines in Occupied Territories of Azerbaijan" (Press release). Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. 11 November 2020. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Reza Deqati: Ötən bir neçə gündə Qarabağda qəbiristanlıqların dağıdıldığını, evlərin yandırıldığını, məscidlərin tövləyə çevrildiyini gördüm" (in azərbaycanca). Azerbaijan State News Agency. November 11, 2020. Archived from the original on January 29, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
- ↑ Кирилл Кривошеев (December 20, 2020). ""Мы живем мечтой хотя бы увидеть снова родные места". Репортаж из Агдамского района, который должен стать базой миротворцев в Карабахе" (in русский). theins.ru. Archived from the original on January 30, 2021. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
- ↑ 1news. "Армянские вандалы разрушили мечеть XVIII века в Физулинском районе и превратили ее в хлев – ФОТО". 1news.az (in русский). Retrieved 2021-01-23.
- ↑ 1news. "Армянские вандалы разрушили мечеть XVIII века в Физулинском районе и превратили ее в хлев – ФОТО". 1news.az (in русский). Retrieved 2021-01-23.
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