Maida of Aukh
Maida of Aukh | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Ӏовхойн Майда |
| Allegiance | Aukh |
| Service/ | Army |
| Wars/Battles | Timur's campaign in Aukh Timur's campaign in mountainous Dagestan
Timur's campaign in Aukh Timur's campaign in mountainous Dagestan |
Maida[lower-alpha 1] was the chieftain of Aukh from the last quarter of the 14th century to possibly 1396 and the successor of his father, Yanbek.[1][2][3][4]
Under him, the Insurgency in Aukh was won, and together with the Gazikumukh Shamkhalate, he participated in the struggle against Timur, which failed however, costing him the independence of Aukh and the death of his ally, Shovkhal I.[1][2][5][6]
Life[edit]
Insurgency in Aukh[edit]
Maida served as a commander in the uprisings of Aukhs against the Golden Horde. During the 3rd battle, in which his father Yanbek was killed, he managed to win with the support of the Gazikumukh Shamkhalate, who had now arrived with an army to support them. Following the death of his father, Maida was elected the new leader of Aukh and the commander of the Insurgency in Aukh. In the next battle, he once again managed to defeat the Mongol forces.[2][3][7]
In the 5th and final battle, the Battle of Gebak-Ghala, Timur had sent a messenger to Maida, expressing support for his struggle against the Golden Horde, whom Timur planned for a campaign against. Following his victory at the Terek River, Timur arrived with his army in Aukh, and with the combined army of Aukh, the Gazikumukh Shamkhalate and the Timurid Empire, they successfully defeated the Golden Horde, granting the Aukhs independence, although that would come at a heavy cost for them, as most of their settlements were destroyed. Although having started off as allies, relations between the Aukhs and the Timurids would soon break, due to the support of the former for Simsim.[2][3][8]
Timur's campaign in Aukh[edit]
In retrubution for their recent support for Simsim, Timur, following his invasion of Nokhch-Mokhk, invaded and plundered Aukh (Chechen: Ӏовхой; romanized: Ovkhoy), known as Avakhar in Zafarnama. Timur devastated the region until eventually meeting with the main army of the Avakhar led by Maada. The Chechen forces were outnumbered and during the fierce battle that ensued, their forces were almost defeated. During the battle however, a commander and ambassador of the Gazikumukh Shamkhalate by the name Shovkhal arrived and asked the Avakhar «Hey, you people, if you are Muslim, tell us what kind of war you are fighting and who are fighting against!». The Avakhar replied «We are Muslim, alhamdulillah, but we are inferior in arms». Shovkhal told the Avakhar to use their bows until a Gazikumukh army arrives. The Avakhar made use of the advice and rained down arrows on the enemy. This greatly hampered the advance of Timurid troops and with the arrival of the Gazikumukhs, the army of Timur was forced to retreat.[9][10]
Timur's campaign in mountainous Dagestan[edit]
In winter of 1395, Tamerlanes campaign in Dagestan began. Coming from Almak, Timur crossed the Terek River and eventually reached modern-day Tarki, where he then moved to an area known as Ushkudzhe, where the villages Kadar and Dorgeli are located nearby. Although the Avakhar and Gazikumukhs had previously, before the Timurid invasions, waged Jihad in the region, they went to help the native people out in their fight against Timur. With an army numbering 3,000, the joint army led by Maida and Shovkhal met the hordes of Timur in Ushkudzhe. In the fierce battle that ensued, the army of Aukh and the Gazikumukh Shamkhalate was defeated. Shovkhal was also killed during the battle, and his head was later on brought to Timur.[11][12]
He, with the head, approached the enemy soldiers his army had captured during the battle, and asked them «Before, you, adherents of Islam, always fought with the infidels; what has become now, that you, stepping back from this, went to their aid?» The captives admitted their guilt and vowed not to attack Timur again, for which they received large gifts and were released under the condition that they keep "Fighting the enemies of the faith". Later on, the elders, nobles and rulers of both Aukh and the Gazikumukh Shamkhalate appeared to Timur, who recognized him and his rule, for which they also received gifts. The later life of Maida is unknown.[11][12]
Notes[edit]
See also[edit]
- Yanbek
- Shovkhal I
- Battle of A'rm-Kurt
- Battle of Ushkudzhe
- Battle of Gebak-Ghala
- Timurid invasions of Simsim
- Mongol invasions of Durdzuketi
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Тесаев 2020a, p. 32.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Адилсултанов 1993.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Ангуни 2013, p. 52.
- ↑ А.Адилсултанов. Аккинцы (ауховцы). p. 194
- ↑ Ангуни 2013, p. 52, 73-74.
- ↑ А.Адилсултанов. Аккинцы (ауховцы). p. 194
- ↑ А.Адилсултанов. Аккинцы (ауховцы). p. 194
- ↑ А.Адилсултанов. Аккинцы (ауховцы). p. 194
- ↑ Хизриев 1974, p. 13.
- ↑ Ангуни 2013, p. 71-72.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Ангуни 2013, p. 73-74.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Хизриев 1980, p. 11.
Sources[edit]
- Хизриев, Х.А. (1974). К истории чеченцев и их борьбы против монголо-татарских завоевателей и Тимура (in Russian). Грозный.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on
- Адилсултанов, А.А. (1993). Чеченцы-аккинцы (ауховцы) и их гражданские формирования (in Russian). Грозный.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on
- Тесаев, 3.А. (2020). Исторические личности Чечни (XI-XXI вв.) (in Russian). Грозный: Акционерное общество Издательско-полиграфический комплекс Грозненский рабочий. pp. 1–720.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on
- Ангуни, Амин (2013). Государственность Народа Нохчий (in русский). Грозный: Издательский аппарат общества Бяццара Кхиэташуо (БК). pp. 1–96. Search this book on
- Хизриев, Х.А. (1980). Борьба народов Северного Кавказа с экспансией Тимура (in Russian). Грозный.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on
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