Manualism in moral theology
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Manualism designates an approach Christian ethics, especially in Catholic moral theology,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], associated with Alphonsus Liguori[8][9] and the tradition of "moral manuals" (instruction manuals teaching explicitly right and wrong)[10][11][12][13] which came from him.[14]
The manualist tradition has an ambivalent relationship with scholasticism.[15][16][12][17] David Bentley Hart[11] among others[9][12][17] state that much of contemporary Thomism has more manualism than Aquinas himself.
The manualist tradition is related to casuistry.[13]
Manualism is associated with the theology surrounding artificial birth control.[18]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ The Oxford Handbook of Theological Ethics - Page 508 Gilbert Meilaender, William Werpehowski · 2007 FOUND INSIDE – PAGE 508 the manualists: 'no period is more important in the history of moral theology than the late 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries'. But he then added, 'this is perhaps less a criticism of M. than a reXection on our almost complete ...
- ↑ Boersma, Hans. “Nature and the Supernatural in La Nouvelle Théologie: The Recovery of a Sacramental Mindset.” New Blackfriars, vol. 93, no. 1043, 2012, pp. 34–46. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43251594. Accessed 12 Mar. 2023.
- ↑ Hart, David Bentley (2020). Theological Territories: A David Bentley Hart Digest. University of Notre Dame Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv19m638q.15. ISBN 978-0-268-10717-8. JSTOR j.ctv19m638q. Search this book on
- ↑ Genilo, Eric Marcelo O. (2007). John Cuthbert Ford, SJ: Moral Theologian at the End of the Manualist Era. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1-58901-181-6. JSTOR j.ctt2tt41x. Search this book on
- ↑ Senz, Nicholas. "Shifting Away From Manualism: On Forming Consciences". Church Life Journal. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
- ↑ Engelhardt, H. Tristram (November 2011). "Orthodox Christian Bioethics: Some Foundational Differences from Western Christian Bioethics". Studies in Christian Ethics. 24 (4): 487–499. doi:10.1177/0953946811415018. ISSN 0953-9468.
the Counter-Reformation, the manualist tradition produced a wealth of reflections between
Unknown parameter|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Wicks, Jared. Gregorianum, vol. 67, no. 2, 1986, pp. 374–76. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23577203. Accessed 12 Mar. 2023.
- ↑ Haddorff, David W. "Relying on Aquinas, Prudently." (1998): 562-564. position of Alphonsus Liguori. It was not only Liguori's manualist method of applying...
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 KROM, MICHAEL P. "Review" (PDF). Journal of Moral Theology.
manualist tradition’s focus on the distinction between material and formal cooperation with evil as well as on the intention of those who so cooperate is at least implicit in our modes of argumentation.
Flannery begins by showing the inadequacies of the approach to cooperation with evil found in St. Alphonsus Liguori and the subsequent manualist tradition. Most pointedly, Liguori uses Aquinas’s theory of morally indifferent acts in order to clarify his own position on material cooperation and yet, as becomes even clearer in the later manualists, this ends up revealing the problems with his own analysis. In chapter 2, Flannery finds the answer to these problems by focusing on Aquinas’s account of how circumstances factor into the morality of indifferent acts. Rather than focus on the intention of the cooperator, Aquinas looks at the broader issues of whether or not an action is consistent with reason, justice, and charity. Chapter 3 helps to clarify all of this via the issue of scandal: Alphonsus ignores all others affected by acts of cooperation as well as “how the actions performed relate to the ultimate end and order of the moral universe” (122). - ↑ Thomas Worcester (2017). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Jesuits.
After the Council of Trent until the twentieth century, moral theology was shaped by the moral manuals used in seminaries to form future confessors. Manualist moral theology was concerned with avoidance of sin and obedience
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- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Hart, David Bentley (2015-06-01). "Romans 8:19-22". First Things. Institute on Religion and Public Life (254): 72–74.
In theological circles, the term "Thomism" (or "traditional Thomism" or "manualist Thomism" or "two-tier Thomism") typically refers not to the writings of Thomas himself, or even to any given scholar[...]who happens to study Thomas's thought, but to a particular faction of Baroque neoscholasticism, which began in the sixteenth century, principally with Domingo Banez, and which largely died out in the twentieth, principally with Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange.
This was the tradition that produced the infamous Thomist "manuals," and that a succession of Catholic scholars [...] assailed as an impoverished early modern distortion of the medieval synthesis, - ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "A brief history of the Catholic Church's teaching on mercy and sin". America Magazine. 2022-12-15. Retrieved 2023-03-12.
In fact, scholasticism and not manualism better conveys the tradition’s long-term interests and purpose.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 McDermott, John (2014). "The Collapse of the Manualist Tradition". Faith Magazine.
Since manualist moralists sought to uphold universal norms even while exercising casuistry for difficult cases, it became fashionable to denounce casuistry and leave individual choices to the individual’s informed conscience. For that, manuals were superfluous, especially once proportionalism was introduced into Catholic morality. Universal concepts no longer satisfied.
- ↑ Atkinson, Gary M. "Cooperation with Evil: Thomistic Tools of Analysis." American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 95.2 (2021): 337-339.
- ↑ Flanagan, Patrick (2013-01-01). "James F. Keenan, A History of Catholic Moral Theology in the Twentieth Century: From Confessing Sins to Liberating Consciences (New York: Continuum, 2010), pp. viii + 248, £17.99, ISBN 978-0-8264-2929-2 (pbk)". International Journal of Public Theology. 7 (2): 229–230. doi:10.1163/15697320-12341290. ISSN 1569-7320.
neo-scholastic Manualist tradition in the second chapter
- ↑ "Gallagher, John A., "Time Past, Time Future: An Historical Study of Catholic Moral Theology" (Book Review) - ProQuest". www.proquest.com. Retrieved 2023-03-12.
neo-Thomist manualist tradition
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Curran, Charles (1995). "Thomas Joseph Bouquillon: Americanist, Neo-Scholastic, or Manualist?". Proceedings of the Catholic Theological Society of America. ISSN 2328-9902.
His [ Thomas Bouquillon's] neo-scholastic adherence to Thomas Aquinas served as the ultimate basis for his criticism of the manuals.
- ↑ Petri, Thomas. Aquinas and the Theology of the Body. CUA Press, 2016. |quote=... in response to the manualist tradition rather than to Aquinas’s ... successively shown the shift of manualist theology away from the work of ... of the manualist tradition that the birth control de- ...
External links[edit]
- Kennedy, David. The presence of Christ in the Eucharist: a strange neglect of the Resurrection?. MS thesis. Mary Immaculate College, University of Limerick, 2015.
- Reno, R R. "Theology After the Revolution | R. R. Reno". First Things. Retrieved 2023-03-14. Category:Catholic Church stubs Category:Allegations
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