Names and titles of Jesus in the Quran
There are a variety of titles are used to refer to the penutimate prophet of Islam, Isa ibn Maryam in the Quran. In Islam, two names are usually referred to him, Isa in the Hadith and Masih in the Quran. He has been mentioned third-person 48 times,[note 1] first-person 35 times and the rest as titles and attributes in the Quran.[note 2][1] The significance of Isa in Islam is reflected in his being mentioned in the Quran in 93 verses with various titles attached such and other relational terms, mentioned directly and indirectly, over 187 times.[2][3][4][5][6] Isa is thus one of the most mentioned people in the Quran by reference.[7]
Islamic scholars emphasize the need for Muslims to follow the name of Isa, whether spoken or written, with the honorific phrase "Alay-hi ’s-salām" (Arabic: عليه السلام) which means peace be upon him.
Names[edit]
Isa[edit]
In the Quran by reference, he is mentioned 25 times by the name Isa.[note 3] He has also been mentioned as Isa in the Hadith. Ibn Maryam is mostly with the name of Isa in the Quran calling him Isa ibn Maryam meaning Isa, son of Maryam. Prophet Isa has been mentioned by his name 6 times in the Surah Al-Ma'idah, 5 times in Surah Al-Imran, 3 times in the Surah Al-Baqara and Surah An-Nisa, 2 times in As-Saff and 1 time in Surah Al-An'am, Surah Maryam, Surah Al-Ahzab, Surah Az-Zukhruf, Surah Ash-Shura and Surah Al-Hadid.[note 3]
The first mention of Isa in the Quran is in Surah Al-Baqara's verse 87:[8]
Then We gave Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, the son of Maryam), clear Signs and strengthened him with the Holy Spirit (Gabriel).
— Malik Quran Translation
Etymology[edit]
The name Isa is most commonly derived from the classical Arabic Isa (Arabic: عيسى, romanized: ʿīsā) meaning the "salvation of Allah". Variations of spelling Isa differ as many Muslims write Esa and Eesa. Jesus name in Irish, Íosa, is very close to the Arabic īsā, suggesting parallel evolution into that form in both languages.
Masih[edit]
Isa has been mentioned as Masih and Al-Masih by 11 times in the Quran.[note 2] He has been mentioned with as Masih 4 times in Surah Al-Ma'idah, 2 times in Surah At-Tawbah and Surah An-Nisa and 1 time in Surah Al-Imran.[note 2] The name "Masih" indicates that Isa was sent as a messiah to his nation. Masih is also sometimes used as a title for Isa, but most commonly it is used as a name for him. There are different variations of Masih in many countries such as Mesih in Turkish and Masiha in Urdu.
Etymology[edit]
Masih (Arabic: مسيح, romanized: Masīḥ) is the Arabic meaning for the word messiah.[9][10] It means 'the anointed', 'the traveller', or 'one who cures by caressing'.[9] Masih is the Arabic word for messiah used by commonly by Muslims.[9] In modern Arabic, it is used as one of the many titles of Jesus, referred to as Īsā al-Masīḥ by Muslims.[10] It is used by Muslims as both a name and a title for the Prophet Isa.
Titles[edit]
Spirit of Allah[edit]
Isa has been mentioned as the Ruhullah (Arabic: روح الله) 11 times in the Quran.[note 2] The word ‘Ruh’ is used in the sense of ‘essence’ to enhance the effect of pristine purity in something. Since the birth of Prophet Isa was totally unrelated to the mediation of any father and he was the outcome of nothing but the will of Allah.[11] Ruh has been used in the sense of nafkh or the blowing of breath. Jibrael had, as commanded by Allah, blown his breath on the collar of Maryam, and that became the conception.[11] Since only a blow of breath had caused the birth of Isa as a miracle. Therefore Isa is called Ruhullah in the Quran.
Ruhullah is title for Isa composed of the Arabic elements Ruh (Spirit) and Allah. Thus, Ruhullah means "Spirit of Allah".[11]
Pure Boy[edit]
The Quran and Hadith mention Isa to have been born a "Pure Boy".[12] He has been mentioned as pure boy 9 times in the Quran.[note 2] Isa and his mother Maryam were the only two people whom Shaitan did not touch so Isa is referred as a pure boy.[13]
The word Pure Boy is a title for Prophet Isa which refers to without sin.[12]
Word of Allah[edit]
Isa has been mentioned "Kalimat Allah" 6 times in the Quran.[note 2] Sometimes, he has been mentioned only as Kalima.[14] Isa has been mentioned Kalima 3 times in the Surah Al-Imran, 2 times in Surah Al-Ma'idah, and 1 time in Surah An-Nisa.[note 2]
The word Kalimat Allah is an Arabic word which means "Word of Allah" while only Kalima means word.
Sign[edit]
In the Quran, the title "Sign" has been used to refer to Isa[13] since in Islam, Isa's return is one of the 10 major signs of Day of Resurrection.[15] Isa has been mentioned as the Sign 4 times in the Quran.[note 2] One time in the Surahs of Az-Zukhruf, Al-Mu’minun, Al-Anbiya and Maryam.[note 2]
Wajih[edit]
Isa has been referred as Wajih in the Quran in the verse 3:45 in the Surah Al Imran. Many Muslims use Wajih as a title for Isa since he is a honored Prophet in Islam.[13] Muslims also call Īsā al-Wajīḥ just like Īsā al-Masīḥ. Surah Al-Imran's verse 3:45 is the only verse in which Isa has been mentioned as "Wajih".[16]
The angels said, ‘Mary, God gives you news of a Word from Him, whose name will be the Masih Isa ibn Maryam (Messiah Jesus, son of Maryam) who will be held in honour (Wajih) in this world and the next, who will be one of those brought near to God.
— Surah Al-Imran 3:45
Word of Truth[edit]
The "Word of Truth" is used as a title for Isa in the verse 34 of the Surah Maryam.[17] It is translated as "Statement of Truth".[note 2]
That is Isa ibn Maryam (Jesus, son of Maryam), the word of truth about which they are in dispute.
— Surah Maryam 19:34
Notes[edit]
- ↑ 3rd person "He / Him / Thee" etc. (48 times): Q2:87, Q2:253, Q3:46(2), Q3:48, Q3:52, Q3:55(4), Q4:157(3), Q4.159(3), Q5:110(11), Q5:46(3), Q5:75(2), Q19:21, Q19:22(2), Q19:27(2), Q19:29, Q23:50, Q43:58(2), Q43:59(3), Q43:63, Q57:27(2), Q61:6.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Messiah (Christ) / Ibn Maryam (23 times): Q2:87, Q2:253, Q3:45, Q4:157, Q4:171, Q5:17, Q5:46, Q5:72, Q5:75, Q5:78, Q5:110, Q5:112, Q5:114, Q5:116, Q9:31, Q19:34, Q23:50, Q33:7, Q43:57, Q57:27, Q61:6, Q61:14; Messiah / Al Masih (11 times): Q3:45, Q4:171, Q4:172, Q5:17, Q5:72(2), Q5:75, Q9:30, Q9:31; Spirit (of God) / rwh (11 times): Q2:87, Q2:253, Q4:171, Q5:110, Q12:87, Q15.29, Q17:85(2), Q19:17, Q21:91, Q58:22; child / pure boy (9 times): Q19:19, Q19:20, Q19:21, Q19:29, Q19:35, Q19:88, Q19:91, Q19:92, Q21:91; Word (of God) / kalima (6 times): Q3:39, Q3:45, Q3:48, Q4:171, Q5:46, Q5:110; Messenger / Apostle / Prophet (5 times): Q3:49, Q4:157, Q4:171, Q19:30, Q61:6; Sign (4 times): Q19:21, Q21:91, Q23:50, Q43:61; The Gift (1 time): Q19:19; Mercy from Us (1 time): Q19:21; Servant (1 time): Q19:30; Blessed (1 time): Q19:31; Word of Truth ~ Statement of Truth (1 time): Q19:34; amazing thing ~ thing unheard of (1 time): Q19:27; Example (1 time): Q43:57; Straight Path ~ Right Way (1 time): Q43:61; Witness (1 time): Q4:159; His Name (1 time): Q3:45.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Isa (25 times): Q2:87, Q2:136, Q2:253, Q3:45, Q3:52, Q3:55, Q3:59, Q3:84, Q4:157, Q4:163, Q4:171, Q5:46, Q5:78, Q5:110, Q5:112, Q5:114, Q5:116, Q6:85, Q19:34, Q33:7, Q42:13, Q43:63, Q57:27, Q61:6, Q61:14.
References[edit]
- ↑ Parrinder 1965, p. 16.
- ↑ McDowell, Jim, Josh; Walker, Jim (2002). Understanding Islam and Christianity: Beliefs That Separate Us and How to Talk About Them. Euguen, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 9780736949910. Search this book on
- ↑ Schumann, Olaf H. (2002). Jesus the Messiah in Muslim Thought. Dehli: ISPCK/HIM. p. 13. ISBN 978-8172145224. Search this book on
- ↑ Parrinder, Geoffrey (1965). Jesus in the Quran. London: Oxford Oneworld Publications. p. 33. ISBN 9781851689996. Search this book on
- ↑ Khalidi, Tarif (2001). The Muslim Jesus: Sayings and Stories in Islamic Literature. London: Harvard University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0674011151. Search this book on
- ↑ Gregory A. Barker and Stephen E. Gregg, "Jesus Beyond Christianity: The Classic Texts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 84.
- ↑ Parrinder 1965, p. 16.
- ↑ "Compare Surah 2. Al-Baqara, Ayah 87 Online from Holy Quran | Islamic References & Recitation | Compare.Alim". www.alim.org. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Why do Muslims call Jesus "Masih"? What does it mean? What is the role of Christ in the religion of Islam? » Questions on Islam". Questions on Islam. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Studies (2019-03-11). "The Meaning of Al-Masih". Dreams of Isa Al-Masih. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 islamreigns (2017-07-09). "Understanding the Term 'Ruhullah' [Spirit of Allah]". Islam Reigns. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Prophet Isa | Quran Online Reading with Meaning & Audio". SalatTimes.com. 2018-02-21. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 "Life of Maryam (as): 5 Lessons on Trusting Allah | Muslim Hands UK". muslimhands.org.uk. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ↑ "Jesus as Kalimat Allah, The Word of God". Al-Islam.org. 2018-05-21. Retrieved 2021-06-23.
- ↑ Al-Jarrah, Hasan (2021-03-02). "10 Majors Signs Of Qiyamah (Judgement Day) | AwakenTheDeenWithin". awakenthedeenwithin.com. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
- ↑ "Surah Ali 'Imran - 45". quran.com. Retrieved 2021-06-24.
- ↑ "Surah Maryam - 34". quran.com. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
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