List of Muslim apostates
From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki
Former Muslims or ex-Muslims are people who were Muslims, but subsequently left Islam. Although their numbers have increased, ex-Muslims still face ostracism or retaliation from their families and communities due to beliefs about apostasy in Islam.[1]
Converted to an Abrahamic religion
Converted to Judaism
- Amina Dawood Al-Mufti – Jordanian Muslim of Circassian origin, converted to Judaism upon marrying an Israeli Jewish pilot in secret in Vienna. She later became a spy for Mossad. An Arabic TV series called An Eastern Girl (فتاة من الشرق) (Fatah min Asharq) was made about her starring Suzan Najm Aldeen as Amina.[2][3] The book (مذكرات أخطر جاسوسة عربية للموساد .. أمينة المفتي) was written about her.[4]
- Avraham Sinai – Lebanese former Shi'ite who converted to Judaism. He served as an informant for the Israelis while serving in Hezbollah, until his actions were uncovered. He fled to Israel and subsequently converted.[5]
- Dario Hunter – American politician. Became the first Muslim born individual to be ordained a rabbi.[6]
- Reza Jabari – Israeli of Iranian birth who hijacked a flight between Tehran and the Iranian resort island of Kish in September, 1995 while working as a flight attendant for Iranian carrier Kish Air flight 707.[7]
Converted to Christianity
- Abdul Rahman – Afghan convert to Christianity who escaped the death penalty because of foreign pressure.[8]
- Aben Humeya – (born Fernando de Valor) Morisco Chief who was crowned the Emir of Andalusia by his followers and led the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain.[9]
- Abo of Tiflis – Christian activist and the Patron Saint of the city of Tbilisi, Georgia.[10]
- Abraham of Bulgaria – martyr and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church.[11]
- St. Adolphus – Christian martyr who was put to death along with his brother, John, by Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba for apostasy.[12]
- Akbar Gbaja-Biamila – American football player.[13][14]
- Al-Mu'eiyyad – Abbasid prince and third son of Abbasid caliph, Al-Mutawakkil. He was converted to Christianity along with his three confidants by St. Theodore of Edessa, accepting the name "John" upon baptism.[15][16] During Anarchy at Samarra period saw the rise of a legend that an Abbasid prince had converted to Christianity under the influence of Theodore of Edessa, taken the name "John" and been killed for his apostasy; Alexander Vasiliev speculates that Muayyad, who was killed in 866 by his brother Mu`tazz, may have been the convert. However, there is no Christian or Muslim record remotely associating Muayyad with Christianity or even, indeed, religious speculation. The motives for his murder seem to have been purely political; had he indeed converted, it would have given Mutazz an excuse to murder him for apostasy and been recorded.[17][16]
- Albertus Soegijapranata – born in Surakarta, to a Muslim courtier and his wife who later converted to Roman Catholicism; the first native Indonesian bishop; a National Hero of Indonesia; known for his pro-nationalistic stance, often expressed as "100% Catholic, 100% Indonesian".[18]
- Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky – Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia.[19]
- Alexander Kazembek – Russian Orientalist, historian and philologist of Azeri origin .[20]
- Ali Sina – pseudonym of the founder of several anti-Islam and anti-Muslim websites.
- Aman Tuleyev – Russian governor of Kemerovo Oblast.[21]
- Amir Sjarifuddin – Indonesian socialist leader who later became the second prime minister of Indonesia during its National Revolution.[22]
- Aslan Abashidze – former leader of the Ajarian Autonomous Republic in western Georgia.[23]
- Asmirandah – Indonesian actress of Dutch descent converted to Protestantism in December 2013. Zantman owes her conversion to an experience of having dreamed three times of Jesus Christ.[24][25][26][27]
- Aurelius and Natalia – Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[28]
- Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad – former Egyptian Muslim sheikh.[29]
- Basuki Abdullah – Indonesian painter; converted to Roman Catholicism[30]
- Begum Samru – powerful lady of north India, ruling a large area from Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh.[31]
- Bob Denard – French soldier and mercenary leader. Converted from Roman Catholicism to Judaism, then Islam and eventually back to Roman Catholicism.[32]
- Broery – Indonesian singer (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[33][34]
- Brother Rachid – television presenter. He hosts a TV show called Daring Question which focuses on discussing and criticizing Islam.[36]
- Carlos Menem – former President of Argentina. Raised a Muslim but converted to Roman Catholicism, the majority religion of Argentina, due to his political aspirations (before the 1994 reform, the Argentine Constitution established that the President of the Nation had to be a Roman Catholic).[35][37]
- Casilda of Toledo – saint of the Roman Catholic Church.[38]
- Chamillionaire – (born Hakeem Seriki) American rapper.[39][40]
- Chulpan Khamatova – Russian actress.[41][42]
- Constantine the African – Baghdad-educated Muslim who died in 1087 as a Christian monk at Monte Cassino.[43][44]
- The Clan Yusupov – noble family of Tatar descent down the Khans of the Nogai Horde, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in the 17th century.[citation needed]
- Daniel Bambang Dwi Byantoro – leader (and Archimandrite) of the Indonesian Orthodox Church.[45][46]
- Daveed Gartenstein-Ross – counter-terrorism expert and attorney (from Judaism to Islam to Christianity).[47][48]
- Descendants of Kuchum – former Muslim Genghisid family which converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity.
- Diana Nasution – Indonesian singer, converted to Protestantism after marriage.[49][50]
- Djibril Cissé – footballer for club and country.[51][52]
- Don Juan of Persia – late-16th- and early-17th-century figure in Iran and Spain, converted from Shia Islam to Roman Catholicism.[53]
- Donald Fareed – Iranian Christian tele-evangelist and minister.[54]
- Eldridge Cleaver – Conversions/Associations to Nation of Islam then Evangelical Christianity then Mormonism.[55][56]
- Emily Ruete – (born Sayyida Salme) Princess of Zanzibar and Oman.[57][58][59]
- Emir Kusturica – Bosnian, Serbian and Yugoslavian filmmaker and actor.[60][61]
- Enrique de Malaca – Malay slave of Ferdinand Magellan, converted to Roman Catholicism after being purchased in 1511.[62][63]
- Ergun Caner – Swedish-American academic, author, and Baptist minister.[64][65]
- Estevanico – Berber originally from Morocco and one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United States.[66]
- Fadhma Aït Mansour – mother of French writers Jean Amrouche and Taos Amrouche.[67]
- Fathia Ghali – Egyptian princess and youngest daughter of Fuad I of Egypt and Nazli Sabri.[68]
- Fathima Rifqa Bary – American teenager of Sri Lankan descent who drew international attention in 2009 when she ran away from home and claimed that her Muslim parents might kill her for having converted to Christianity.[69]
- Fernão Lopes – Portuguese nobleman, soldier and the first known permanent inhabitant of the remote Island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.[70]
- Francis Bok – Sudanese-American activist, convert to Islam from Christianity; but later returned to his Christian faith.[71]
- St. George El Mozahem – Coptic saint[72][73][74]
- George Weah – Liberian soccer player (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[75]
- Ghorban Tourani – former Iranian Sunni Muslim who became a Christian minister. Following multiple murder threats, he was abducted and murdered on November 22, 2005.[76]
- Gulshan Esther – Pakistani convert from Islam to Christianity.[77]
- Hakan Taştan and Turan Topal – two Turkish Christian converts who went on trial in 2006, on charges of "allegedly insulting 'Turkishness' and inciting religious hatred against Islam".[78]
- Hamid Pourmand – former Iranian army colonel and lay leader of the Jama'at-e Rabbani, the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God church in Iran.[79]
- Hassan Dehqani-Tafti – Anglican Bishop of Iran from 1961 to 1990.[80]
- Hazem Farraj – Palestinian American minister, writer, evangelist[81]
- Hisn Jihan – Circassian wife of Bashir Shihab II. Muslim by birth, she was captured by Turkish slavers and converted to Maronite Catholicism after being released by Bashir and marrying him.
- House of Yusupov – former Muslim Genghisid family which converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity.
- Ibrahim Ben Ali – soldier, physician and one of the earliest American settlers of Turkish origin.[82]
- Ibrahim Njoya – Bamum people religion; back and forth conversions from Islam to Christianity.[83] Also created his own religion.[84]
- Ibrahim Tunggul Wulung – Indonesian evangelist and missionary.[85][86]
- Imad ud-din Lahiz – Prolific Islamic writer, preacher and Quranic translator.[87]
- Jabalah ibn al-Aiham – last ruler of the Ghassanid state in Syria and Jordan in the seventh century AD. After the Islamic conquest of Levant he converted to Islam in AD 638. He reverted to Christianity later on and lived in Anatolia until he died in AD 645.[88]
- Jacob Frank – 18th century Jewish religious leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of the self-proclaimed messiah Sabbatai Zevi, and also of King David. Frank publicly converted to Islam in 1757 and later to Christianity at Poland in 1759, but actually presented himself as the Messiah of a syncretic derivation of Shabbatai Zevi's Messianism now referred to as Frankism.[89]
- James Scurry – British soldier and statesman.[90]
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa – Central African Republic Emperor (from Roman Catholicism to Islam back to Roman Catholicism).[91][92]
- Jessica Iskandar – Indonesian actress and model (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[93][94]
- Johannes Avetaranian – (born Muhammad Shukri Efendi), Christian missionary and Turkish descendant of Muhammad.[95]
- Josef Mässrur – (born Ghäsim Khan) missionary to Chinese Turkestan with the Mission Union of Sweden.[96]
- Josephine Bakhita – Roman Catholic saint from Darfur, Sudan.[97][98]
- Julia Volkova – Russian singer and actress best known as a member of the Russian pop duo, t.A.T.u.[99][100][101]
- Justinus Darmojuwono – first Indonesian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church; served as Archbishop of Semarang from 1963 to 1981, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1967; converted to Catholicism in 1932.[102]
- Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila – American football player[13]
- Kassian Cephas – Indonesian photographer.[103][104]
- Kiki Fatmala – Arab Indonesian actress.[105]
- Kitty Kirkpatrick – daughter of James Achilles Kirkpatrick, British Resident in Hyderabad and Khair-un-Nissa, a Hyderabadi noblewoman.[106]
- Kyai Sadrach – Indonesian missionary.[107][108]
- Lakandula – Lakan of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Tondo
- Lina Joy – Javanese Malaysian former Muslim converted to Roman Catholicism. The desire to have her conversion recognized by law was the subject of a court case in Malaysia.[109][110]
- Lukman Sardi – Indonesian actor converted to Christianity after marriage.[111][112]
- Lyasan Utiasheva – Russian gymnast, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity.[113][114][115]
- Magdi Allam – Italy's most famous Islamic affairs journalist.[116]
- Majeed Rashid Mohammed – Kurdish Christian convert from Islam. He established a network with former Kurdish Muslims with about 2,000 members today.[117]
- Malika Oufkir – author, activist and former prisoner of the Moroccan Royal Family.[118]
- Manohara Odelia Pinot – Indonesian model and actress. Former wife of Malaysian Kelantanese prince Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra.[119]
- Maria Aurora von Spiegel – (born Fatima) was a Turkish mistress of Augustus II the Strong and the wife of a Polish noble.[120]
- Maria Huberdina Hertogh – Dutch-Indonesian child kidnapped and forcibly converted to Islam during the World War II in 1943 by Malay Muslims but was eventually return to her Catholic family in 1950.[121][109][122]
- Maria Temryukovna – Circassian princess, and second wife to Ivan IV of Russia who was born in a Muslim upbringing, and baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church on August 21, 1561.[123]
- Mario Joseph – former Indian Muslim preacher & scholar.[124][125]
- Marina Nemat – Canadian author of Iranian descent and former political prisoner of the Iranian government. Born into a Christian family, she converted to Islam in order to avoid execution but later reverted to Christianity.[126]
- Mark A. Gabriel – Egyptian writer[127]
- Mark Huda Junayed Fino – A Bangladeshi raised as a Muslim but converted to Protestantism in 2010.
- Mary Fillis[128]
- Mathieu Kérékou – President of Benin (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[129]
- Matthew Ashimolowo – Nigerian-born British pastor and evangelist.[130]
- Mehdi Dibaj – Iranian pastor and Christian activist.[131]
- Mehmet Ali Ağca – Turkish ultra-nationalist assassin, who shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on May 13, 1981. In early 2009, Ağca renounced Islam in prison and announced his intention to convert to the Catholic faith upon release.[132][133]
- Michał Czajkowski – Polish-Cossack writer and political emigre who worked both for the resurrection of Poland and the reestablishment of a Cossack Ukraine.[134]
- Mohammed Elewonibi – Nigerian-Canadian football player[135]
- Mohammed Hegazy – first Egyptian Muslim convert to Christianity to seek official recognition of his conversion from the Egyptian Government.[136]
- Momolu Dukuly – Liberian foreign minister.[137]
- Mosab Hassan Yousef – son of Sheikh Hassan Yousef, a Hamas founder and one of its leader.
- Moussa Dadis Camara – ex-officer of the Guinean army.[138][139]
- Muhsin Muhammad – football player for Carolina Panthers[140]
- Nabeel Qureshi – former Ahmadi Muslim and now co-director of Acts 17 Apologetics Ministries. He has given lectures at universities and seminaries throughout North America.
- Nafa Urbach – Indonesian singer, actress and model.[141][142][143]
- Nania Kurniawati Yusuf – Indonesian singer of Pakistani-Javanese descents, finalist of the first season to Indonesian Idol, 2004.[144][145]
- Nasir Siddiki – Canadian evangelist, author, and business consultant.[146]
- Nazli Sabri – Queen consort of Egypt.[147]
- Nonie Darwish – Egyptian-American writer and public speaker.[148]
- Nur Luke – Uyghur Bible translator.[149]
- Olavo de Carvalho Brazilian polemicist, philosopher, political pundit, astrologer and journalist.[150]
- Omar ibn Sa'id Fula writer and Islamic scholar who was enslaved and transported to the United States in 1807.[151]
- Parveen Babi – Indian actress, converted to Christianity during her later life, but buried according to Muslim rites.[152][153][154][155][156][157]
- Patrick Sookhdeo – British Anglican canon[158]
- Paul Mulla – Turkish scholar and professor of Islamic Studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute.[159]
- Pinkan Mambo – (born Pinkan Ratnasari Mambo) Indonesian singer converted in 2010. Decision taken after admitting she studied various religions of the world and eventually dropped in awe of Jesus Christ.[160][161][162]
- Qadry Ismail – former American football player.[163]
- Qasim Khanate – some Muslim begs and Khans of the Qasim Khanate converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity.[164]
- Raghib Ismail – former American football player.[165]
- Rajah Humabon – first Filipino Sultan convert to Roman Catholicism in the name of Carlos.[166][167]
- Rajah Matanda – sovereign of the Kingdom of Maynila
- Rashid Nurgaliyev – Russian politician and general convert to Russian Orthodoxy.[168][169]
- Rianti Cartwright – Indonesian actress, model, presenter and VJ. Two weeks before departure to the United States to get married, Rianti left the Muslim faith to become a baptized Catholic with the name Sophia Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright.[172][173]
- Rotimi Adebari – first Black mayor in Ireland.[174]
- Roy Marten – (born Wicaksono Abdul Salam) Indonesian actor whose family was converted to Roman Catholicism during his childhood but who converted later to Indonesian Orthodoxy in 1997.[175][176][177]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin – Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan.[178]
- Ruffa Gutierrez – Filipina actress, model and former beauty queen (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[179]
- Sabatina James – Pakistani-Austrian former Muslim and now an Austrian Roman Catholic author.[180]
- Saeed and Nagmeh Abedini
- Saint Alodia and Saint Nunilo – Christian martyrs and confessors who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[181]
- Sarah Balabagan – Filipina who was imprisoned in the United Arab Emirates from 1994 to 1996 for murder. She was initially sentenced to death, but was later returned to the Philippines.
- Sayed Borhan khan – Khan of Qasim Khanate from 1627 to 1679.[182]
- Saye Zerbo – President of the republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso).[183]
- Sheikh Deen Muhammad – (I.E. Sake Dean Mahomed) British Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who introduced shampooing and the Indian take-away curry house restaurant in Britain, and was the first Indian to have written a book in the English language.[184][185]
- Shams Pahlavi – Iranian princess and the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran.[186]
- Sharena Gunawan – Indonesian actress and model. Converted to Christianity after remarried with Indonesian actor Ryan Delon Situmeang.[187]
- The Shihab family – prominent Lebanese noble family. The family originally belonged to Sunni Islam and converted to Maronite Catholicism at the end of the 18th century.[188][189]
- The Sibirsky family – foremost of many Genghisid (Shaybanid) noble families formerly living in Russia.[190]
- Sigi Wimala – Indonesian model and actress, converted to Catholicism after marriage.[191][192]
- Simeon Bekbulatovich – Khan of Qasim Khanate.[182]
- Skanderbeg – Albanian monarch and military leader. Skanderbeg converted to Islam from Christianity but reverted to Christianity later in life.[193]
- Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari – second wife and Queen Consort of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran who converted to Roman Catholicism.[194]
- Stefan Razvan – Gypsy prince who ruled Moldavia for six months in 1595.[195]
- Taysir Abu Saada – former member of the PLO and the founder of the christian ministry Hope For Ishmael after he converted to christianity. He was Yasir Arafat's personal driver.[196][197]
- Thomas Yayi Boni – President of Benin[198]
- Tunch Ilkin – (born Tunç Ali İlkin) Turkish American sports broadcaster and a former American football player[199]
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh – brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of the Prophet).[200]
- Udo Ulfkotte – German journalist who was born a Christian, became an atheist, then converted to Islam and finally converted back to Christianity.[201]
- Umar ibn Hafsun – leader of anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Iberia. Hafsun converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence.[202]
- Utameshgaray of Kazan – Khan of Kazan Khanate[182]
- Walid Shoebat – American author and self-proclaimed former member of the PLO[203]
- Wu'erkaixi – Uyghur dissident known for his leading role during the Tiananmen protests of 1989.[204][205]
- Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan (Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan) – Last khan of Kazan Khanate[182]
- Youcef Nadarkhani – Iranian Christian pastor who has been sentenced to death for apostasy.[206]
- Zachariah Anani – former Sunni Muslim Lebanese militia fighter[207]
- Zaida of Seville – refugee Andalusian Muslim princess who was a mistress and then perhaps queen of Alfonso VI of Castile[208]
Converted to the Bábí and Baháʼí Faith
These were mostly people who were followers of the Bahá'u'lláh at the time he founded the Baháʼí Faith. They were formerly Muslims.
- 'Abdu'l-Karim Amín Khawja[210] – first native Algerian convert to the Baháʼí Faith.
- Hají Ákhúnd – eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh. He was appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.[209]:265–266
- Ibn-i-Abhar – appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.[209]:245–256
- Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl – foremost Baháʼí scholar who helped spread the Baháʼí Faith in Egypt, Turkmenistan, and the United States. One of the few Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh who never actually met Bahá'u'lláh.[211]
- Mírzá Mahmúd – eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith.[209]:290–310
- Mishkín-Qalam – prominent Baháʼí and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh, as well as a famous calligrapher of 19th century Persia.[209]:270–271
- Nabíl-i-A'zam – Baháʼí historian and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh[209]:268–270
- Núrayn-i-Nayyirayn – two brothers who were beheaded in the city of Isfahan in 1879.[209]:335–350
- Sami Doktoroğlu – early and important member of the Baháʼí Faith in Turkey.[212]
- Somaya Ramadan[213] – 2001 winner of the Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature.
- Táhirih – Persian poet and theologian of the Bábí faith in Iran.[214]
Converted to an Indian religion
Converted to Hinduism
- Annapurna Devi (born Roshanara Khan) – surbahar (bass sitar) player and music teacher in the North Indian classical tradition. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.[218]
- Anwar Shaikh – British author[219]
- Aashish Khan (born Ustad Aashish Khan Debsharma) – Indian musician[220]
- Asha Gawli – (born Ayesha) wife of Arun Gawli, notorious gangster turned politician from Mumbai, India. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.[221]
- Bukka I – King of Vijayanagara empire who converted to Islam, then reverted to Hinduism. The early life of Bukka as well as his brother Hakka (also known as Harihara I) are relatively unknown and most accounts of their early life are based on theories.[222][223]
- Chander Mohan – former Deputy Chief Minister of Haryana State in India. He was born Chandra Mohan he converted to Islam after marriage and again reverted to Hinduism after his divorce.[224][225]
- Happy Salma – Indonesian actress, writer, model, became princess and member of the Lordship of Ubud after marriage.[216][217]
- Haridas Thakura – prominent Vaishnavite saint, instrumental in the early appearance and spread of Hare Krishna movement.[226]
- Harihara I – King of Vijayanagara Empire who converted to Islam, then reconverted.[223]
- Harilal Mohandas Gandhi – son of Mahatma Gandhi. Upon converting to Islam he adopted the name Abdullah Gandhi, but later again reverted to Hinduism.[215]
- Ifa Sudewi – Indonesian chief judge for the 2002 Bali bombing trials.[227][228]
- Khushboo Sundar – Tamil movie actress. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.[229]
- Nargis – Bollywood film actress. Mother of Indian actor Sanjay Dutt.[230]
- Netaji Palkar – Maratha noble and commander-in-chief of the army of Chhatrapati Shivaji, 19 June 1676.[231][232][233]
- Sarmad – 17th-century mystical poet and sufi saint, arrived from Persia to India, beheaded for assumed heresy by the Mughal emperor, Aurungzebe. Sarmad renounced Judaism, briefly converting to Islam and then Hinduism. He later denounced all religions and rejected belief in god.[234][235]
- Sukmawati Sukarnoputri - Daughter of Indonesia's founding president Sukarno and his wife Fatmawati. Sister of former Indonesian president Megawati Sukarnoputri, Sukmawati converted to Hinduism during a Sudhi Wadani ceremony in October 2021.
- Zubeida – Bollywood film actress, on whose life story the film Zubeidaa was based. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.[236]
- Pandit Mahendra Pal Arya (b.1957)- Previously known as Mehboob Ali, a former imam in Uttar Pradesh, India, became an Arya Samaj preacher, Hindu apologist and leader of Arya Kendriya Sabha.[237][238][239]
- Mahmudul Hasan - Bangladeshi cricketer. Changed name to Niranjan Das.[240][241]
- Wasim Rizvi - Indian Shia politician and WAQF board chairman, converted to Hinduism for political aspirations.
Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
- Kenneth Hsien-yung Pai (b. 1937) – Chinese American writer of Hui descent[242]
- Napapa Tantrakul (b. 1986) – Thai actress[243]
- Sri Sulalai (1770–1837) – princess of the royal family of the Sultanate of Singora. Rama II of Siam took her as a concubine.
- Suraj Randiv (b. 1985) – Sri Lankan cricketer
- Tillakaratne Dilshan (b. 1976) – Sri Lankan cricketer[244]
- Tillakaratne Sampath (b. 1982) – Sri Lankan cricketer
- Wong Ah Kiu (1918–2006) – Malay woman born to a Muslim family but was raised as Buddhist; her conversion from Islam became a legal issue in Malaysia on her death[245]
Converted to Sikhism
- Kuldip Manak – deceased Punjabi folk singer[246]
Part of an unorganized religion or no religion
Became atheists
- Abdullah al-Qasemi – Saudi Arabian 20th-century writer and intellectual. Former Salafist who became atheist and rejected organized religion.
- Afshin Ellian – Iranian-Dutch professor of law, philosopher, poet[248][249]
- Ahmed Harqan – Egyptian human rights activist and outspoken atheist.[250]
- Ahmed Sharif – Bangladeshi humanist book seller, human rights activist and secular humanist.[251]
- Al-Ma'arri – blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer.[252]
- Alexander Aan – Indonesian atheist and ex-Muslim of Minang descent, who was attacked by a mob and arrested in 2012 for posting "God does not exist" and other antireligious writings on Facebook, attracting international attention.[253]
- Ali A. Rizvi – Pakistani-born Canadian physician, writer and ex-Muslim activist[254]
- Ali Soilih – Comorian socialist revolutionary; president of the Comoros[255]
- Ali Dashti – Iranian rationalist and member of Iranian Senate.[256]
- Aliaa Magda Elmahdy – Egyptian internet activist and women's rights advocate.
- Aliyah Saleem – British secular education campaigner, writer and market researcher, activist and co-founder of advocacy group Faith to Faithless.
- Anwar Shaikh – British author of Pakistani descent.[257]
- Armin Navabi – Iranian-born atheist and secular activist, author, podcaster and vlogger, founder of Atheist Republic
- Aroj Ali Matubbar – self-taught Bangladeshi philosopher
- Arzu Toker – German-speaking writer, journalist, publicist, translator of Turkish descent, cofounder of the Central Council of Ex-Muslims in Germany.
- As'ad Abu Khalil – Lebanese professor of political science at California State University, Stanislaus. He describes himself as an "atheist secularist".[258][259]
- Asif Mohiuddin – Bangladeshi blogger and secularist[260]
- Ayaan Hirsi Ali – Somali-born Dutch feminist, writer, and politician.[261]
- Ayaz Nizami – Pakistani Islamic Scholar became atheist, Founder of realisticapproach.org.[262] an Urdu website about atheism, and Vice President of Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan[263] He is currently detained under the charges of blasphemy and could face the death penalty.[264][265]
- Ayman Odeh – Israeli politician
- Aziz Nesin – popular Turkish humorist and author of more than 100 books.[266]
- Barack Obama Sr. – Kenyan senior governmental economist, and the father of 44th U.S. President Barack Obama[267]
- Bisi Alimi – Nigerian gay rights activist based in the United Kingdom
- Bonya Ahmed – Bangladeshi-American author, humanist activist and blogger, wife of Avijit Roy; hacked to death after receiving threats related to his promotion of secular views.[268]
- E. A. Jabbar – Indian ex-Muslim, orator, writer, retired school teacher of Kerala. Editor of Yukthiyugam Malayalam Magazine[269][270]
- Ebru Umar – Dutch columnist of Turkish descent, critic of Islam and of Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
- Enver Hoxha – Communist dictator who declared Albania the first atheist state, and who has been identified as an "arch-atheist."[271]
- Fatima Sana Shaikh – Indian actress[272]
- Faik Konitza – Albanian stylist, critic, publicist and political figure that had a tremendous impact on Albanian writing and on Albanian culture at the time.[273]
- Faisal Saeed Al Mutar – Iraqi-born satirist, human rights activist, writer, founder of the Global Secular Humanist Movement (GSHM).[274]
- Farhan Akhtar – Indian actor, singer, songwriter, playback singer, producer and television host.[275][276]
- Fauzia Ilyas – founder of Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan
- Fazıl Say – Turkish pianist, sued for having expressed his atheism publicly.
- Gauhar Raza- Indian scientist, Urdu poet and filmmaker.[277]
- Hafid Bouazza – Moroccan-Dutch writer.[278][279]
- Hamed Abdel-Samad – German-Egyptian political scientist, historian and author.
- Hassan Bahara – Moroccan-Dutch writer.[280]
- Humayun Azad – Bangladeshi author, poet, scholar and linguists.[281][282]
- Inkulab – Tamil rationalist poet/writer and Marxist activist. Born as Sakul Hameed.[283][284]
- Irfan Habib – Indian Historian.[285]
- Ismael Adham – Egyptian writer and philosopher.[286]
- Ismail Kadare – world-renowned Albanian writer.[287]
- Ismail Mohamed (activist) – Egyptian atheist human rights activist, host of The Black Ducks programme.[288]
- Javed Akhtar – noted Indian writer and lyricist.[289][286]
- Kacem El Ghazzali – Moroccan-Swiss writer and activist.[290]
- Kanan Makiya- Iraqi-American academic and Islamic and Middle Eastern scholar.[291]
- Kareem Amer – Egyptian blogger.[292][293]
- Kumail Nanjiani – Pakistani American stand-up comic and actor.[294]
- Lounès Matoub – Algerian Berber Kabyle singer.[295]
- Maryam Namazie – Iranian communist, political activist and leader of the British apostate-organization Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain[296]
- Mina Ahadi – Iranian-born pacifist, founder of the German apostate-organization "Zentralrat der Ex-Muslime"[297]
- Mirza Fatali Akhundov – 19th century Azerbaijani playwright and philosopher.[298]
- Muhammad Syed – Pakistani American speaker and political activist. Co-founder of Ex-Muslims of North America.
- Nahla Mahmoud – Sudanese-born British writer, secularist, environmentalist, and human rights activist, and spokesperson for the Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain.[299]
- Parvin Darabi – Iranian born American activist, writer and woman's rights activist.[300]
- Pelin Batu – Turkish actress and television personality[301][302]
- Rahaf Mohammed – Saudi Arabian refugee in Canada whose January 2019 flight attracted international attention and involved diplomatic intervention.[303]
- Ramiz Alia – Albanian communist leader and former president of Albania.[304]
- Rana Ahmad – Saudi Arabian refugee in Germany, author, women's rights activist and founder of the Atheist Refugee Relief[305]
- Sagopa Kajmer – Turkish rap musician, songwriter, record producer and DJ[306]
- Salman Rushdie – British-Indian novelist and essayist.[247]
- Sam Touzani – Belgian actor, TV presenter, choreographer and comedian with Moroccan roots, critic of both the far-right and Islamism.[307]
- Sarah Haider – American writer, speaker, political activist and co-founder of Ex-Muslims of North America.[308]
- Sarmad Kashani – seventeenth-century mystical poet and sufi saint, arrived from Persia to India, beheaded for assumed heresy by the Mughal emperor, Aurungzebe. Sarmad renounced Judaism, briefly converting to Islam and then Hinduism. He later denounced all religions and rejected belief in gods.[309][310]
- Sibel Kekilli – German actress of Turkish origin, known for her role as 'Shae' in Game of Thrones. Kekili was raised as a Muslim, but does not belong to any religion anymore, and although she stated she respects all religions,[311] has criticised the physical mistreatment of women in Islam.[312]
- Sherif Gaber – Egyptian political activist and blogger.
- Sofia Ashraf – Indian rapper and singer.
- Taslima Nasrin – Bangladeshi author, feminist, human rights activist and secular humanist.[313]
- Turan Dursun – Turkish author and Islamic scholar. He was once a Turkish mufti and later authored many books critical of Islam.[314]
- Valon Behrami – Kosovo-born Swiss professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for English club Watford.[315]
- Waleed Al-Husseini – Palestinian philosopher, essayist, writer, blogger and co-founder of Council of Ex-Muslims in France (CEMF).
- Yasmine Mohammed – Canadian-born human rights activist, founder of Free Hearts, Free Minds and author of Unveiled: How Western Liberals Empower Radical Islam.[316]
- Zackie Achmat – South African anti-HIV/AIDS activist; founder of the Treatment Action Campaign.[317]
- Zara Kay – Tanzanian-Australian activist, founder of Faithless Hijabi.[318]
- Zineb El Rhazoui – Moroccan-born French journalist and former columnist for Paris-based satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo.[319]
- Zoya Akhtar – Indian director and screenwriter.[320][321]
Became agnostics
- Abdullah al-Qasemi – one of the most controversial intellectuals in the Arab world because of his radical change from defending Salafism to defending atheism and rejecting organized religion.[322]
- Cenk Uygur – Main host of the liberal talk radio show The Young Turks. He is an agnostic.[323]
- Fareed Zakaria – Indian-American CNN host. He is a self described secular and non practicing Muslim. He added: "My views on faith are complicated—somewhere between deism and agnosticism. I am completely secular in my outlook."
- Ibn al-Rawandi – early skeptic of Islam.[324]
- Ibn Warraq – British Pakistani secularist author and founder of the Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society[325]
- Seema Mustafa – Indian journalist, Political Editor and Delhi Bureau Chief of The Asian Age newspaper.[326][327]
- Wafa Sultan – Syrian-born American psychiatrist and controversial critic of Islam. She describes herself as a "Secular Humanist"[328][329]
- Dr. Younus Shaikh – Pakistani medical doctor, human rights activist, rationalist and free-thinker.[330]
- Zohra Sehgal – Indian actress who has appeared in several Hindi and English language films.[331]
Became deists
- Ahmad Kasravi – notable Iranian linguist, historian, and reformer.[332]
- Ehsan Jami – former politician and founder of Central Committee for Ex-Muslims.[333]
Became non-religious
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk – Turkish field marshal, statesman, secularist reformer, and author. Sources point out that Atatürk was a religious skeptic and a freethinker. He was a non-doctrinaire deist[334][335] or an atheist,[336][337][338] who was antireligious and anti-Islamic in general.[339][340] According to Atatürk, the Turkish people do not know what Islam really is and do not read the Quran. People are influenced by Arabic sentences that they do not understand, and because of their customs they go to mosques. When the Turks read the Quran and think about it, they will leave Islam.[341] Atatürk described Islam as the religion of the Arabs in his own work titled Vatandaş için Medeni Bilgiler by his own critical and nationalist views.[342]
- Nyamko Sabuni – politician in Sweden[343]
- Safdar Hashmi- Indian Communist playwriter and founding member of Jana Natya Manch.[344]
- Sajid Javid – British politician[345]
- Zayn Malik – English singer who is of Pakistani and English-Irish descent.[346]
- Tarek Fatah – Canadian activist born in Pakistan, who calls himself an Indian.
Other
Religious founders
- Akbar the Great – Mughal emperor and founder of Dīn-i Ilāhī, a religious movement whose followers never numbered more than 19 adherents,[347] although Akbar never renounced Islam publicly or privately,[348] and modern scholars have argued that it was a spiritual discipleship program rather than a new religion.[349]
- Ariffin Mohammed – founder of the Sky Kingdom who claimed a unique connection to God. In spite of renouncing Islam in 2001, he stated that there was no restriction on practising your own faith and at the same time belonging to the Sky Kingdom.[350]
- Báb – founder of Bábism. Most of his followers later accepted Bahá'u'lláh and thus joined the Baháʼí Faith.[351]
- Bahá'u'lláh – after the Bab's death, claimed to be the prophet the Báb spoke of, thereby founding the Baháʼí Faith.[352]
- David Myatt – founded the Numinous Way[353]
- Dwight York – African American author, black supremacist leader, musician, convicted child molester and founder of the religious doctrine called Nuwaubianism.[354]
- Kabir – 15th-century mystical poet and founder of the Kabirpanthi. Born to a Hindu Brahmin widow but adopted and raised as Muslim by a childless Muslim couple, later denouncing both Hinduism and Islam.[355][356]
- Musaylimah – self proclaimed prophet of the Banu Hanifa tribe who lived during and after the lifetime of Muhammad.[357]
- Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi – founder of the spiritual movements Messiah Foundation International and Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam.[358][359]
- Ṣāliḥ ibn Tarīf – second king of the Berghouata. He proclaimed himself a Prophet/Mahdi and came out with his own Qur'an.[360]
- Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir – founder of Yazidism
- Sultan Sahak – founded Ahl-e Haqq
- Mirza Ghulam Ahmad – founded Ahmadiyya
Undetermined current belief system
- Charles Bronson – British criminal and self-styled "most violent prisoner in Britain".[362]
- David Hicks – Australian-born Guantanamo Bay detainee who converted to Islam[363] and was notorious in his homeland for his once support of radical Islam and for the circumstances surrounding his incarceration, is believed to have renounced Islam whilst incarcerated at Guantanamo Bay.[364]
- Khalid Duran – specialist in the history, sociology and politics of the Islamic world.[365]
- Lex Hixon – not raised religious; Conversions to Hinduism, Sufism. Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and possibly Zen.[366]
- Linda Thompson – British folk singer who, along with her husband Richard, converted to Sufism in the 1970s. The couple have since divorced and she has left the religion.[367]
- Trie Utami – Indonesian singer who after a stormy divorce is known to have left Islam after 2005, but she refuses to declare to what religion she converted.[368][369]
- Wesley Snipes – American actor, film producer, and martial artist.[361]
- Zayn Malik – English singer and songwriter.[370]
- Tarek Fatah – Canadian activist born in Pakistan, who call himself an Indian.
See also
- Apostasy
- Apostasy in Islam
- Apostasy in Islam by country
- Criticism of Islam
- Former Muslim
- List of converts to Islam
- Religious conversion
- List of ex-Muslim organisations
- List of former Jews
- List of former atheists and agnostics
- List of former Protestants
- List of former Roman Catholics
- List of former Latter Day Saints
- List of former Christians
References
- ↑ "The number of ex-Muslims in America is rising". The Economist. 15 March 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
- ↑ "Suzan Najm Addeen is the Most Famous Jordanian Spy!". Al Bawaba.
- ↑ "أمينة المفتي أشهر جاسوسة للموساد - ديوان العرب". www.diwanalarab.com.
- ↑ فريد الفالوجي. "Nobody (Saudi Arabia)'s review of مذكرات أخطر جاسوسة عربية للموساد .. أمينة المفتي". Goodreads.
- ↑ Avni, Idan (September 14, 2006). "A righteous man from Hizbullah land". YNetNews. Retrieved December 17, 2006.
- ↑ "NYC: Ex-Muslim to be ordained as rabbi". Ynetnews. 2012-07-07. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
- ↑ "Iranian Muslim converts to Judaism". Daily Times. Pakistan. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "News". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on July 30, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-31963-6 Search this book on
., M1 Google Print, pp. 223 Various Christian sources including the Christian historian, Marmol claim that with his dying breath Aben Humeya declared himself a Christian and said that what he had done was in the prosecution of a family feud.
- ↑ Birdsall, Neville. Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism, pg. 174.[1]; January 8 Saints Archived 2014-08-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Michael Walsh, A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8146-3186-X Search this book on ., Google Print, p. 3.
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- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila". Thegoal.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ Akbar Gbaja-Biamila Keeps the Faith Archived September 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine – ("In college, Akbar converted to Christianity, while his father remains a Muslim.")
- ↑ "A History of Orthodox Missions Among the Muslims". Yurij Maximov, Russian author and religious studies teacher in the Religious Studies at the Moscow Orthodox Seminary. Retrieved August 17, 2007.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Joseph Patrich, The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church, Peeters Publishers, 2001, ISBN 90-429-0976-5 Search this book on ., Google Print, p. 157.
- ↑ "A History of Orthodox Missions Among the Muslims". Yurij Maximov, Russian author and religious studies teacher in the Religious Studies at the Moscow Orthodox Seminary. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 Aritonang, Jan S.; Steenbrink, Karel A., eds. (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Studies in Christian Mission. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17026-1 Search this book on ..
- ↑ Massie, Robert K. (1981). Peter the Great. Soviet Union: Ballantine Books. p. 469. ISBN 0345298063. Search this book on
- ↑ Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East by Alexei Pylev. April 13, 2003. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 22.0 22.1 Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. p. 86.
- ↑ George Sanikidze and Edward W. Walker (2004), Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies., p. 12, University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
- ↑ SlideGossip, Diposting oleh. "Asmirandah Pindah Agama Demi Bisa Menikah Lagi Dengan Jonas Rivanno?".
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- ↑ "KKR Pendeta Gilbert di Manado, OC KAligis dan Asmirandah 'Bersaksi'". Tribun Manado.
- ↑ "Kesaksian: Kesaksian Asmirandah "Artis Indonesia"". April 3, 2014.
- ↑ Kenneth Baxter Wolf. "Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain". Libro.uca.edu. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "Egypt: Christian convert from Islam jailed – Compass Direct News, October 18, 2006". Archived from the original on November 3, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Biografi Basuki Abdullah
- ↑ The Indian Mutiny and the British Imagination by Gautam Chakravarty · Cambridge, 242 pp ISBN 0-521-83274-8 Search this book on ..
- ↑ "Robert Young Pelton's The World's Most Dangerous Places: 5th Edition", Robert Young Pelton, Collins Reference, 2003, p.270: "Denard has seven wives and has at various times converted to Judaism (in Morocco) and Islam (in the Comoros) and then back to Catholicism."
- ↑ "pesulima". www.geocities.ws.
- ↑ "Biografi Broery Pesulima - Foto, Video, Riwayat Hidup - Putra Ambon Bersuara Emas - Selebriti - Biografi Tokoh Indonesia". Tokoh Indonesia - Ensiklopedi Tokoh Indonesia - Biografi Profil Tokoh - TokohIndonesia.com. Archived from the original on 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 Encyclopædia Britannica- Carlos Menem. Britannica.com. July 2, 1930. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Search this book on
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-12-07. Retrieved 2014-12-19. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) - ↑ ["Carlos S. Menem", National Geographic, December 1994. He was raised Muslim but converted to the Catholic faith, as did his son. Until its 1994 reform, the Argentine constitution used to require that all Presidents be Roman Catholic. He and his son left Sunni Islam to become Roman Catholics. This may have been partly due to Argentine law that required the president to be a Roman Catholic. His wife Zulema did not convert and remained a Muslim. This too reveals that his conversion was for reasons of expediency.]
- ↑ St. Casilda Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine – Americancatholic.org
- ↑ "Chamillionaire Biography". OLDIES.com.
- ↑ "On religion: "I go to church every Sunday I'm in Houston. Now I have people asking for autographs in church. It's crazy, but yeah, I still do that and I still pay tithes and all that stuff."". Archived from the original on 2014-10-02. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Чулпан Хаматова - Потребность быть настоящей'". khamatova.ru.
- ↑ "Форум о Чулпан Хаматовой • Просмотр темы - "Кино в деталях" на СТС (05.11.2005)". Archived from the original on 2014-03-08. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Constantine the African". Uh.edu. August 1, 2004. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Orthodox Research Institute". Orthodox Research Institute.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Mondial : ces joueurs de foot ont la foi !, Benoît Fidelin, Pèlerin N° 6654, June 10, 2010 Archived October 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Guerreiro, Fernāo; Payne, Charles Herbert (2005). Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic 1560–1604 (book review). ISBN 9780415344821. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Search this book on
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Emily Ruete, (1888): Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar.
- ↑ Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages. Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850–1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9 Search this book on ..
- ↑ Publisher's review for Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar – ("Despite strictures confining Islamic women, she trysted with a German who is thought to have impregnated her, fled to Germany where she converted to Christianity").
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- ↑ "News of Kusturica's baptism on passagen.se". Hem.passagen.se. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "The Slave Who Circumnavigated The World". The Awl. Archived from the original on 2016-05-11. Retrieved 2015-04-08. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Sejarawan Universitas Harvard: Penjelajah Bumi Pertama adalah Putera Melayu". VOA Indonesia.
- ↑ "The Ergun Caner Controversy". Archived from the original on 2015-04-17. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "'Broken' Ergun Caner Resigns as President of Brewton-Parker College". Gleanings – ChristianityToday.com.
- ↑ "Estevanico (aka Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, Stephen the Moor)". Elizabethan-era.org.uk. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ Majumdar, Margaret (2002). Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary. United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0340806966. Search this book on
- ↑ Soref. "The Death of a Forgotten Princess". SOREF.TV. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
- ↑ "Fla. police: No credible threat to runaway convert, AP". The Miami Herald. Nov 14, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2012. [dead link]
- ↑ Fernão Lopes – the first Robinson Archived 2009-11-21 at the Wayback Machine – The St Helena Foundation.
- ↑ "Beale, Lewis. "Precious Freedom. USA Weekend Magazine. November 9, 2003". Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "19 Paonah - Coptic Synaxarium". St-Takla.org. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
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- ↑ "الشهيد مار جرجس المزاحم". St-takla.org. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ You quizzed George Weah – BBC
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Gulshan Esther, Alistair Mark Dean, Thelma Sangster, The Torn Veil: The Best-selling Story of Gulshan Esther, Zondervan (1992), pg.46, ISBN 0-551-01153-X Search this book on ..
- ↑ TURKEY: CONVERTS SUBJECTED TO OFFICIAL HARASSMENT Archived 2009-01-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief". Retrieved February 16, 2012.
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- ↑ Linda Gradstein (April 2, 2013), "'Ex-Muslim' preaches the Gospel", The Jerusalem Post, retrieved June 13, 2013
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "African Studies Quarterly". Africa.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Welcome dubois.fas.harvard.edu - BlueHost.com". dubois.fas.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on October 14, 2008.
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- ↑ "Karangjoso revisité: aux origines du christianisme à Java central - Persée". 24 March 1979.
- ↑ Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 – "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr.Imad-ud-Din was a leading sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
- ↑ "The Human Side In The Hajjah Of The Messenger of Allah". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Gershom Scholem, 'Shabtai Zvi (1626–1676)', 'Frank, Jacob, and the Frankists' Archived 2009-01-16 at the Wayback Machine, from Encyclopedia Judaica.
- ↑ Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians. p. 196.
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- ↑ Redaksi. "Artis Pesbukers 'Lecehkan' Islam …". KoranNonstop.com. Archived from the original on 2016-06-05. Retrieved 2015-04-08. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kata Keluarganya, Jessica Iskandar Sudah Menikah Setahun Lalu". Tribunnews.com.
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|url-status=ignored (help) Search this book on
- ↑ In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration, Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, p. 284.
- ↑ Hutchison, Robert A. (1999). Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei. St. Martin's Press. p. 7. ISBN 0312193440. Search this book on – Sister Josephine Bakhita had been converted by force to Islam and then, freedom restored, had chosen Christianity.
- ↑ "Mother Josephine Bakhita". www.vatican.va.
- ↑ "Публикация Julia Volkova | Юля Волкова в Instagram • Фев 26 2017 в 4:26 UTC" (in русский). Instagram. 26 February 2017.
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- ↑ "Romo Jost Kokoh: "Djamin alias Imin alias Darmoyuwono"".
- ↑ "Kassian Cephas".
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Kiai Sadrach | Bio-Kristi". biokristi.sabda.org.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Bukti Hanung Berjiwa Labil dan Sebarkan Virus Menggoyang Iman". Eramuslim.
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- ↑ Роман ПРЯНИКОВ - АО ИД «Комсомольская правда». "Ляйсан Утяшева пишет стихи". Роман ПРЯНИКОВ - АО ИД «Комсомольская правда».
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Norge IDAG – Norwegian language newspaper – Friday May 7, 2010.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Former imam: God saved me from torture after Christian conversion". Catholic News Agency.
- ↑ Ottawa, The (April 15, 2007). "Flight from Iran". Canada.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Against the Tides in the Middle East, International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").
- ↑ "The first Muslims in England". March 20, 2016 – via www.bbc.com.
- ↑ Okanla, Karim (August 20, 2003). "Benin's 'magical' leader". BBC News.
- ↑
Petre, Jonathan (October 8, 2005). "'Wealth' church leader practised what he preached". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2016-10-20. Retrieved August 4, 2007.
the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ The Written Defense of the Rev. Mehdi Dibaj Delivered to the Sari Court of Justice – Sari, Iran December 3, 1993 Archived September 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
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|url-status=ignored (help)CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link) - ↑ Religion And Power in Liberia Archived 2014-10-06 at the Wayback Machine – The Perspective, June 17, 2005.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "The priests said Interior Minister Nurgaliyev — Encyclopedia of safety". survincity.com.
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He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg, Germany (2011-12-17). "RELIGION: Das Model Gottes". Spiegel Online. 51.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
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- ↑ Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French) "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Unveiling the mystique of a reclusive artiste The Hindu, 28 June 2006.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Admin. "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, A Hero for Modern India".
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "DAŠTĪ, ʿALĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan".
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My father was almost entirely absent from my childhood, having been divorced from my mother when I was 2 years old; in any event, although my father had been raised a Muslim, by the time he met my mother he was a confirmed atheist, thinking religion to be so much superstition.
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ US-Bangladesh blogger Avijit Roy hacked to death, BBC News, 27 February 2015.
- ↑ "Ex Muslim atheist leader faces death threat in India". 2016-09-17.
- ↑ E. A. Jabbar Blogs
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- ↑ Interview With Fatima Sana Shaikh for 'Suraj Pe Mangal Bhaari' And 'Ludo' | The Quint (in Hindi and English). The Quint. 27 October 2020. Event occurs at 08:55. Retrieved 23 February 2021. I am an atheist. I have a mother who is Muslim, I have a father who is Hindu. My brother and myself, we are atheist. We do not follow any religion, we do not follow any god.
- ↑ Gazeta Shqip (11 September 2014). "Myslimanët shqiptarë, "në anën e gabuar të historisë"".
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Celebs who are atheist". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Doing the thing right in the name of God". Dnaindia.com. 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2021-11-25.
- ↑ Humanistische Omroep, Link to video interview with Hafid Bouazza Archived 2020-11-07 at the Wayback Machine Quote: (Translation) "Believers live behind a fence, and non-believers live in a pasture and they know there are believers out there behind the fence." "It [religion] is a matter of conditioning, of brainwashing." "I know that when I die, it's over with me." (Dutch) "Gelovigen leven achter een hek, en ongelovigen in een weiland, waarin ze weten dat er gelovigen zijn die achter hekken wonen." "Het [religie] is een kwestie van conditionering, van hersenspoeling" "Ik weet dat het moment dat ik ter aarde word besteld, dat het afgelopen is met mij."
- ↑ Verdonschot, Leon (May 8, 2008). ""Ik kan niet leven zonder roes." Interview met Hafid Baouzza, gepubliceerd in Dif nr.1" (in Nederlands). Leonverdonschot.nl. Archived from the original on 2018-06-30. Retrieved May 9, 2008. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) Quote: (Translation) "Look, I'm an atheist. I do not believe that God exists, I do not believe there is an afterlife. How terrible it may be: Hitler isn't in hell getting pinched in his ass with a trident. I'm fine with the fact there are people who do believe that and get comfort from it, like my mother. I just hope the influence of religion on policy makers will diminish, because my freedom is precious to me." (Dutch) "Kijk, ik ben atheïst. Ik geloof niet dat God bestaat, ik geloof niet dat er een hiernamaals is. Hoe gruwelijk ook: Hitler wordt op dit moment niet in de hel met een drietand in zijn reet geprikt. Dat er mensen zijn die dat wél geloven en daar troost uit putten, mensen als mijn moeder: prima. Als de invloed van religies op beleidsmakers maar steeds kleiner wordt, want mijn vrijheid is me dierbaar." - ↑ Kranenberg, Annieke (August 11, 2007). "Als dit niet werkt, beledig ik Wilders wel". De Volkskrant (in Nederlands). Retrieved May 9, 2008. Quote: (Translation) "In interviews he calls himself an atheist, but until now he has been left alone by beardmonkeys (referring to Muslims). Perhaps I have to make myself heard just a little bit better, I should be more explicit in my aversion to Islam and religion in general." (Dutch) "In interviews noemt hij zichzelf atheïst, maar tot nog toe 'ben ik ongemoeid gelaten door de baardapen. Misschien moet ik een hardere toon aanslaan en wat explicieter zijn in mijn afkeer van de islam en religies in het algemeen.'"
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/faith/interviews/makiya.html [bare URL]
- ↑ Kareem Amer. (2006). "تنويه هام جدا بخصوص موقع الأقباط متحدون ومقالى الأخير" (A Very Important Notice Regarding the Copts United Web Site and My Last Article) كريم عامر (Kareeem Amer's Arabic blog). Retrieved January 28, 2007.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "interview with Lounès Matoub". Archived from the original on September 29, 2007.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Ахундов Мирза-Фатали". Mirslovarei.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Darabi, Parvin Rage Against the Veil: The Courageous Life and Death of an Islamic Dissident ISBN 1-57392-682-5 Search this book on ..
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|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Hazrat Sarmad Shaheed: The Naked Sufi Martyr". Chowk.com. July 23, 2005. Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Claus Christian Malzahn & Anna Reimann (6 March 2007). "Ich bin mir sicher, dass ich irgendwann aus Deutschland wegziehe". Der Spiegel (in Deutsch). Retrieved 15 April 2018.
- ↑ "Eklat um Sibel Kekilli in Berlin", Der Tagesspiegel (in Deutsch), 4 December 2006
- ↑ "I was born in a Muslim family, but I became an atheist." For freedom of expression, Taslima Nasreen, November 12, 1999 – Taslima Nasreen took the floor during Commission V of UNESCO's General Conference, as a delegate of the NGO International Humanist and Ethical Union (Accessed December 23, 2006).
- ↑ "Turan Dursun Website". Turandursun.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-10. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "I am an atheist". Archived from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2016. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Gal, Hannah. "Ex-Muslim to 'Post': Trying to teach 'naive West' about true nature of Islam". The Jerusalem Post. The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on August 18, 2019. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
- ↑ John Carlin (August 5, 2005). "Zackie's story: The man who took on Mbeki – and won". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on October 1, 2007. Retrieved August 27, 2007.
A homosexual, an atheist, and a militant anti-apartheid campaigner whose political ideas were forged on an intense reading of Marx, Lenin, and Trotsky...
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Caroline Overington (14 January 2019). "Women pay heavy price for ditching Islam". The Australian. News Corp Australia. Retrieved 12 March 2019.
- ↑ Anne Penketh, Matthew Weaver, Charlie Hebdo: first cover since terror attack depicts prophet Muhammad, The Guardian, 13 January 2015
- ↑ "10 Self-Proclaimed Celebrity Atheists | Entertainment | iDiva.com | Page 4". iDiva.com. 2013-06-03. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2013. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Celebs who are atheist". Times of India. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
- ↑ "Meet the accused Arab agnostic who went his own way in the 1940s". english.alarabiya.net.
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- ↑ On Ibn al-Rawandi, from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1971, Volume 3, E J Brill, Leiden, p. 905.
- ↑ "Warraq, 60, describes himself now as an agnostic..." Dissident voices, World Magazine, June 16, 2007, Vol. 22, No. 22.
- ↑ "Pakistan: Appeasing the Mullahs". Mail-archive.com. September 13, 2006. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "The Communalisation of Kargil". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
- ↑ Time Magazine- Interview with Wafa Sultan.
- ↑ There is No Clash of Civilizations but a Clash between the Mentality of the Middle Ages and That of the 21st century Feb. 2006.
- ↑ Younus Shaikh Archived 2007-04-30 at the Wayback Machine- short biography.
- ↑ "hinduonnet.com". www.hinduonnet.com. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ V. Minorsky. Mongol Place-Names in Mukri Kurdistan (Mongolica, 4), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 58–81 (1957), p. 66. JSTOR.
- ↑ Arjan Visser (22 June 2007). "Ehsan Jami / Ik wil geen evolutie, ik wil een revolutie". Trouw (in Nederlands). Retrieved 13 April 2018.
- ↑ Reşat Kasaba, "Atatürk", The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World, Cambridge University Press, 2008; ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3 Search this book on . p. 163; accessed 27 March 2015.
- ↑ Political Islam in Turkey by Gareth Jenkins, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p. 84; ISBN 0230612458 Search this book on .
- ↑ Atheism, Brief Insights Series by Julian Baggini, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2009; ISBN 1402768826 Search this book on ., p. 106.
- ↑ Islamism: A Documentary and Reference Guide, John Calvert John, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008; ISBN 0313338566 Search this book on ., p. 19.
- ↑ ...Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the secular Turkish Republic. He said: "I have no religion, and at times I wish all religions at the bottom of the sea..." The Antipodean Philosopher: Interviews on Philosophy in Australia and New Zealand, Graham Oppy, Lexington Books, 2011, ISBN 0739167936 Search this book on ., p. 146.
- ↑ Phil Zuckerman, John R. Shook, The Oxford Handbook of Secularism, Oxford University Press, 2017, ISBN 0199988455 Search this book on ., p. 167.
- ↑ Tariq Ramadan, Islam and the Arab Awakening, Oxford University Press, 2012, ISBN 0199933731 Search this book on ., p. 76.
- ↑ "Atatürk İslam için ne düşünüyordu? - Türkiye Haberleri - Radikal". July 22, 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-07-22.
- ↑ Afet İnan, Medenî Bilgiler ve M. Kemal Atatürk'ün El Yazıları, Türk Tarih Kurumu. 1998. p. 364.
Even before accepting the religion of the Arabs, the Turks were a great nation. After accepting the religion of the Arabs, this religion, didn't effect to combine the Arabs, the Persians and Egyptians with the Turks to constitute a nation. (This religion) rather, loosened the national nexus of Turkish nation, got national excitement numb. This was very natural. Because the purpose of the religion founded by Muhammad, over all nations, was to drag to an including Arab national politics.
Search this book on
- ↑ Lyall, Sarah (January 12, 2007). "Swedish politician's advice to immigrants? Try to fit in – Europe – International Herald Tribune". The New York Times.
- ↑ "For dignity in life and death". 25 October 2016.
- ↑ Farley, Harry (30 April 2018). "Sajid Javid: What has the new home secretary said about faith?". Christian Today. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
- ↑ "Zayn Malik Reveals Why He No Longer Identifies as Muslim". 2018-11-17.
- ↑ 347.0 347.1 Dīn-i Ilāhī. Britannica.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Search this book on
- ↑ Collier, Dirk (1 March 2016). The Great Mughals and their India p. 232. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 9789384544980 – via Google Books. Search this book on
- ↑ Lefèvre, Corinne (2015-04-01). "Dīn-i ilāhī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE.
- ↑ The Telegraph [dead link].
- ↑ Shoghi Effendi, introduction to The Dawn-breakers, p. xxx.
- ↑ Balyuzi, Hasan (2000). Bahá'u'lláh, King of Glory. Search this book on
- ↑ "The Promethean Peregrinations of David Myatt". Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2011-04-21. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Cult Fighting in Middle Georgia". Trincoll.edu. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Rare Literary Gems: The Works of Kabir and Premchand at CRL". Archived from the original on September 25, 2006.
- ↑ V.Jayaram (January 9, 2007). "The songs of Kabir". Hinduwebsite.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ A short biography of Musaylimah Archived 2000-12-10 at the Wayback Machine "He was one of those persons, who came to Madina in the tenth year of migration and embraced Islam. However, after his return to his birthplace he himself claimed to be a prophet and some simple-minded and also some fanatical persons responded to his call".
- ↑ "Messiah Foundation International Site about Shahi". Messiah Foundation International. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
- ↑ "Website from Pakistan Sector". goharshahi.pk. Archived from the original on October 22, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "U of Massachusetts". Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 361.0 361.1 Wesley Snipes, Hollywood's hottest new star talks about: his divorce, his days on the streets and why he doesn't have 'jungle fever. Ebony Magazine. Sept, 1991 by Laura B. Randolph.
- ↑ Loonyology: In My Own Words. Retrieved February 16, 2012. Search this book on
- ↑ "David Hicks: 'Australian Taleban'". BBC News. May 20, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ "Hicks drops Islamic faith". News.com.au. February 28, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
- ↑ Duran, KhalidChildren of Abraham : An Introduction to Islam for Jews Ktav Publishing House ISBN 0-88125-724-9 Search this book on ..
- ↑ Sufi Review (Pir Publications, Spring 1997), pp. 5–8.
- ↑ "British folk singer Linda Thompson reflects back on her life as a Sufi". Public Radio International.
- ↑ "Trauma Dipoligami, Trie Utami Pindah Agama? - SlideGossip".
- ↑ "Indonesian Legend Trie Utami Making Her Encore". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2015-05-27. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Zayn: The Vogue Interview". British Vogue. 13 November 2018.
External links
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