Organic fish
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Organic fish[edit]
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| Alternative names | Natural Fish |
|---|---|
| Type | Farming fish |
| Region or state | under non-polluted water environment |
Organic fish is a kind of organic food fish that grows in its natural state. At present, the organic fish has become one of the popular food because it provides the human organism with carbohydrates, proteins, etc. and the protective factors needed for good health.[1]. Besides that, Organic fish can be introduced as fish produced from organic production systems and produced in accordance with relevant standards and requirements. The purpose of organic fish production is to emphasizes human health, which means it does not use pesticides, chemical and genetically Modified products. Therefore, organic products retain a large amount of nutrients and also effective prevent the generation of harmful substances.
The organic fish follows the laws of nature and ecology. It does not use chemical synthetic substances and any ionizing radiation technology and genetically modified technology during the process of production, processing, packaging, storage, and transportation. And organic fish production must be carried out in uncontaminated water. Because of its limited growth conditions, organic fish have high standards for water quality, environment, and nutrients, and do not eat artificial feed. Precisely because of this, the organic fish grow slowly and its price is more expensive than regular fish. In other words, "Organic fish" is more than just a wild fish.
Its nutritional value is higher than the nutritional value of wild fish such as the Selenium, Iron and other minerals. From the breeding of fry to the sale of organic fish, the entire production process is full of artificial intervention. In the production process, the food safety standards stipulated by the national environmental protection department and the technical supervision department are strictly followed, and the use of genetically modified substances and artificial interferon such as hormones and pesticides are prohibited. To be precise, this fish is actually an artificial free-range fish produced according to stricter health and safety standards.
The sort and production of organic fish[edit]
Sort[edit]
Organic fish is a higher nutritional farming fish than the regular fish. Besides that, the effect brought between the organic food and inorganic food are exactly different. Organic foods have a positive impact on human health and even the environment. On the contrary, the harm of inorganic food is also obvious. Therefore, how to successfully distinguish the difference between organic foods and even organic fish is of great value to our society today. Today, not all fish can be called organic, even if the fish has already been given an organic label does not mean it is organic. Because the difference between ordinary fish and organic fish is just the difference in taste[2]. Therefore, any fish used for sale or labelled as organic food must be preserved in accordance with the requirements of the OFPA Organic Food Production Act[3]. Because OFPA is based on federal regulations which defines the standard organic farming practices and a list of nationally accepted organic production inputs. In additional, organic fish must be in line with the organic certification process, as the organic certification process mainly focuses on the methods and materials used by producers. And from producers to organic products must be certified to sell products labeled "organic products" in order to make sure the organic fish are able to achieve higher nutrition.
The production of Organic Fish[edit]
There is very little data on aquaculture production. In 2008, 16,000 tons of organic squid, 8,800 tons of organic shrimp, 7,200 tons of squid, 3,000 tons of mussels, 2,000 tons of squid and 1,000 tons of squid/sea bream were produced worldwide. The globally certified organic aquaculture product in 2000 are estimated to be approximately 5,000 tons. With the development of organic fish farming, more and more varieties are produced under the certification scheme, the number of counties that contribute to the total organic production are also displaying an increasing trend. By considering the phenomenon, it could be predicted that the growth may increase further, which means it will reach the 20000 tons in 2016, and 1 million tons in 2030 which equivalent to 0.6% of total aquaculture production[4].
The culture economy of organic fish[edit]
In the organic environment, there is a huge difference between the organic farming and organic fish. All the people agree that the ocean and land are different. but the key point to the difference is the importance of these environments for food production and organic status which makes them unique. In October of 2001, the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) decided that ‘aquatic animals’ (i.e. fish and shellfish) cannot be ‘organic’. Because in the field of wild fish, there are many problems that cannot be solved. Wild aquatic animals survive in the contaminated water, and the food they eat does not have any medical health protection under that polluted environment. Therefore, people cannot make sure they are safe. Even for the farming fish, the living environment also has a higher risk of pollution which cannot be controlled since they can also eat the wild fish for food. However, compared to the wild fish, the farmed fish are more likely to be given the "organic" label. In view of this, human beings are continually updating and verifying the definition of the organic food. people also distinguish whether the uncontrolled organic production can be given the "organic" label according to the characteristics of the organic farming. Moreover, it is erroneous to think that simply treating the organic as "more natural", because it returns to the use of organic matter as a product standard not a process. The official definitions of organic and organic practices refer to ecological processes and the US Department of agriculture on organic matter finally defined the organic production as a production system which is managed.[5]
In addition, the aquaculture industry in the United States is still a small player. there are about 80% of the fish consumption in the United States depends on imports. Because under the definitions of organic fish, most of them do not meet US health standards. therefore, in the United States, there are a lot of controversy exist in the organic fish standards. and the controversy mainly comes from the aquaculture feed, the use of fishery drugs, and the escape of cultured organisms. Until March 2010, the first American salmon farm in Chile passed an organic certification which is certified by the USDA and other institutions[6].
Nutrition of Organic Fish[edit]
Moreover, It is precisely because of the vigorous development of the culture of organic fish, its nutrients are constantly improving, the most representative of which is the change of antioxidant activity[7]. Even though the state and activity of antioxidants is not a direct health outcome. Many health benefits are attributed to antioxidants since the concentration of antioxidants in organic foods is combined with the specific in mechanisms of action of human health. Therefore, compare with the traditional foods, the direct comparison of health effects associated with organic nutrition is more obviously
The Future[edit]
In the future, the organic fish farming industry will further expand its scope.because the main reason is that the impact of organic fish production on environmental pollution is much less than that of wild fish or other marine cultures.，And in environmental economics, over fishing will cause significant damage to biodiversity because of the non-target species are caught which often become victims[8]. On the other hand, a large number of people do not pay attention to the protection of marine life, so the excessive fishing will directly or indirectly reduce the population of other fish which have some complementary relationship with the target resource. Hence that, in the future, it is precisely because of the unfavorable factors of various marine fishing, organic Fish farming and marine aquaculture will establish a viable long-term suggestion period[9].
In terms of economic benefits, organic fish has a more profitable income than producers. And the most importance is that in the future, retailers and producers will choose to cooperate which will provide farmers with reliable and sustainable return since there is an increase in efficiency and consistent production in the market.so the organic aquaculture will become the mainstay of other agricultural production sectors[10].
The feed of organic fish[edit]
Organic fish seldom eat artificial feed, and more food intake is only in the wild feed in its living environment. When feeding the organic fish, it should use the organically produced baits and additives and should be fed in such a way as to allow natural nutrients to enter and result in minimal bait loss.[11] However, with the development of science and technology, more research centers are still focusing on organic fish feed. In aquaculture farming, on one hand, people need to supplement their farmed fish by adding other organic feeds which can maintain higher yields. then, the organic fish feed must be balanced according to the nutritional needs of the organism, promote the growth and health of the animal, it also needs to make sure the high quality of the final edible product with a low impact on the environment. on the other hand, Fish will be affected by the feed and tend to grow. Because most of the nutrients in the fish are caused by fish feed. Hence, most research centers pay more attention on adding more beneficial nutrition without destroying their original nutritional value. For now, the main feed of the farming fish is the fish meal which is a mixture with the fresh fish and rice flour.
In fish farming, the feed is mainly dependent on animal protein, because fish has a low digestive and metabolic ability toward carbohydrate, so that they have high dependency on protein as An energy source. In many cases, therefore, the assorted feed for fish cultivation contains proteins in an amount of about 40-45%, about 2 to 2.5 times more than that for domestic animals[12]. The NEPTUNE industries Inc, an Aquaculture Company, they decide to use the appropriate insect mixtures as a substitute of fish meal in order to achieve the fastest growth rate and optimal digestibility of farmed fish. This research also can ease problem that the protein shortages in the global aquaculture market.[13]
The living environment and farming experience of organic fish[edit]
The concept of organic fish farming began in Europe in the late 1980s. And Organic fish farming must seek sustainable development under preserving biological resources and freshwater resources. Organic fish farming requirements are very limited, because the allowed oxygen density for the organic fish is 5-10 kg per cubic meter and the Synthetic hormones and antibiotics are prohibited to use during the farming organic fish. Any part of production processes such as production location, fish seeding, feed, aquaculture water, oxygen supply, transportation and processing must be managed manually by human beings. Besides that, it is stipulated that shrimp pools cannot be built in mangroves and wetlands in some countries, the farming density of shrimp cannot exceed 25 units per cube meter and the feed are forbidden to contain ingredients of genetically modified ingredients[14] At the same time, for the greater development of organic aquaculture, people use inorganic phosphate, nitrogen and potassium products to improve the productivity of natural foods. Among them, most private certification agencies have begun to implement organic fertilization for organic fish farming. because natural foods are nutritious but limited in quantity and it only can support a wide range of production systems with low yield per unit area. For the culture of farming, one of the most important problems is that wild fish may enter the organic farming environment from nature or even the organic fish may escape from the farming environment. considering this, people use the cage and designed pool, and If there are any constructions such as barrages in the farm field, some ways suitable for fish transition can be constructed in order to prevent the organic fish escape or wild fish enter.[8]. in addition, another problem may faced is that the pollution during the fish farming. most of fish farming decided to confine a large number of aquaculture animals in a small area for fish farming. and most of the nutrients in animal feeds will stay in aquaculture animal wastes. however, those wastes usually cannot be absorbed by the land around the fish farming area. So water pollution from animal wastes is also the major environmental issue.[15]The organic residual amount from feed and fish wastes should be observed regularly, and the water released from the system and the water in the pool should be analyzed on every 3 or 4 months[11]
References[edit]
- ↑ Magkos, Faidon; Arvaniti, Fotini; Zampelas, Antonis (2003-01-01). "Organic food: nutritious food or food for thought? A review of the evidence". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 54 (5): 357–371. doi:10.1080/09637480120092071. ISSN 0963-7486. PMID 12907407. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ "ScienceDirect". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
- ↑ The Food Institute (March 27, 2000). "Organic Fish". Feedstuffs.
- ↑ Mente, E.; Karalazos, V.; Karapanagiotidis, I. T.; Pita, C. (2011). "Nutrition in organic aquaculture: an inquiry and a discourse". Aquaculture Nutrition. 17 (4): e798–e817. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.2010.00846.x. ISSN 1365-2095.
- ↑ Mansfield, Becky (August 2003). "From catfish to organic fish: Making distinctions about nature as cultural economic practice". Geoforum. 34 (3): 329–342. doi:10.1016/S0016-7185(03)00004-6. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
- ↑ "有机鱼和野生鱼_百度学术". xueshu.baidu.com. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
- ↑ Uauy, Ricardo; Allen, Elizabeth; Aikenhead, Andrea; Hayter, Arabella; Lock, Karen; Dangour, Alan D. (2010-07-01). "Nutrition-related health effects of organic foods: a systematic review". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 92 (1): 203–210. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29269. ISSN 0002-9165. PMID 20463045.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Georgakopoulos, Georgios; Ciancanelli, Penelope; Coulson, Andrea; Kaldis, Panayiotis; Georgakopoulos, Georgios; Ciancanelli, Penelope; Coulson, Andrea; Kaldis, Panayiotis (2008). Georgakopoulos, Georgios; Ciancanelli, Penelope; Coulson, Andrea; Kaldis, Panayiotis, eds. "Stewardship and Risk: An Empirically Grounded Theory of Organic Fish Farming in Scotland". Agricultural Economics Review. doi:10.22004/ag.econ.101053.
- ↑ Goldburg, Rebecca; Naylor, Rosamond (2005). "Future seascapes, fishing, and fish farming". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 3 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0021:FSFAFF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1540-9309.
- ↑ Mark Prein, Stefan Bergleiter, Marcus Ballauf, Deborah Brister, Matthias Halwart, Kritsada Hongrat, Jens Kahle, Tobias Lasner, Audun Lem, Omri Lev, Catherine Morrison, Ziad Shehadeh, Andreas Stamer and Alexandre A. Wainberg (September 25, 2010). "Organic aquaculture: the future of expanding niche markets" (PDF).CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Semih Ö tles; Ozden, Osman; Yesim Ö tles (2010). "Organic fish production and the standards". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum : Technologia Alimentaria. ISSN 1898-9594.
- ↑ Masuda (February 28, 1989). "FEED ADDITIVE FOR FISH CULTIVATION" (PDF).
- ↑ Miller Publishing Company (December 31, 2007). "Stage set for organic fish feeds".
- ↑ 创新 (2006). "有机鱼养殖(Organic fish culture)". 现代渔业信息 (8): 33.
- ↑ Goldburg, Rebecca; Naylor, Rosamond (2005). "Future seascapes, fishing, and fish farming". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 3 (1): 21–28. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0021:FSFAFF]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1540-9309.
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