Ralph Grishman
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| Ralph Grishman | |
|---|---|
| Born | January 6, 1948 |
| 🎓 Alma mater | Columbia University (PhD in physics) |
| 💼 Occupation | |
| Known for | Computational Linguistics, Natural Language Processing, Information Extraction |
| 🏅 Awards | Fellow of the Association of Computational Linguistics (2017) |
| 🌐 Website | Website @ New York University |
| Twitter= | |
Ralph Grishman is a computer scientist who works on natural language processing (NLP). Grishman is a pioneer of Information Extraction (IE), being an early champion of this sub-field of NLP through his research; IE is designed to be a more tractable form of natural language understanding, a central challenge in artificial intelligence. He is professor at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, where he leads the Proteus Project,[1] which conducts research in NLP funded by US government agencies.
Career[edit]
Ralph Grishman obtained his Ph. D. in Physics at Columbia University in 1973, with a thesis titled: "Numerical Studies of Self-Avoiding Walks." Prior to that he had received his A.B. (Summa cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa) in Physics from Columbia College, in 1968. Upon receiving his Ph. D. in 1973, he joined the faculty at New York University's Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences as assistant professor. He became full professor of Computer Science in 1983. He served as Chair of the Department during 1986-1988.
Scientific developments in Information Extraction in the USA were driven in the 1980's and 1990's in part by strong interest from various US defence agencies. In 1982-83, Grishman was on assignment at the Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence of the United States Naval Research Laboratory (Washington, D.C.), which conducts basic and applied research in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, autonomy, and human-centered computing.[2]
Working with the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, he served as Member of the ARPA Speech & Natural Language Standing Committee (1992-1994). He served as Chair of the DARPA TIPSTER Program Phase II Architecture Working Group during 1994-1998.
His service on government committees includes work with the National Institutes of Standards and Technology, and as Member of the Organizing Committee for the Text Analysis Conference, (2010-2015)
In 1990 Ralph Grishman was elected Vice President of the international Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL),[3] and in 1991 he was elected President of the ACL.[4] Since then, he has also acted as Program Chair and Member of Executive Committees for various conferences of the ACL and for its chapters.[5] In 2017 Grishman was elected Fellow of the ACL — for significant contributions to Information Extraction and in particular his leadership role in defining the architecture of modern Information Extraction.[6][7]
Research[edit]
Ralph Grishman works in the field of natural language processing.
Information extraction[edit]
Grishman is a pioneer and leading researcher in the area of Information Extraction, being one of the original designers of and contributors to the Message Understanding Conferences (MUC's). The Proteus system designed by Grishman[8] was the highest-performing system among over 20 international participants (universities and companies) at the Sixth MUC Competition (MUC-6),[9] on the Scenario Template task — the highest-level challenge among the tasks evaluated at MUC-6.[10][11]
The MUC competitions, followed by the ACE research programme, set the standard for numerous subsequent Shared Tasks — international competitions where participating teams/organizations (academic and industrial, possibly with funding or organizing agencies), work to create materials necessary for conducting a formal evaluation of the performance of existing systems on a chosen set of tasks/problems. The materials to be developed include (at minimum):
- annotated data: datasets for training and testing systems,
- detailed guidelines, which define the task,
- evaluation criteria and metrics.
Shared-task competitions are now held in many areas of NLP, and have especially gained extreme popularity since the 2010's.
Other areas of NLP[edit]
Grishman's earlier work at the Courant Institute includes work on the Linguistic String Project,[12] led by Naomi Sager.
The many areas in which he has published include information extraction, machine learning, machine translation, work on syntactic parsing and syntactic treebanks for natural languages. He has published well over 300 peer-reviewed research papers.[13] His work is published in the proceedings of computer science conferences, including the meetings of the Association for Computational Linguistics.
His published monographs include a seminal textbook on Computational Linguistics.[14]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Proteus Project website". nlp.cs.nyu.edu. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ↑ "The Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence (NCARAI)". www.nrl.navy.mil. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ↑ "ACL Vice President and Executive Committee (1990)". aclweb.org/adminwiki/index.php. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ↑ "ACL President and Executive Committee (1991)". aclweb.org/adminwiki/index.php. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ↑ "ACL Elected Officers". aclweb.org/adminwiki/index.php. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ↑ "ACL Fellows". aclweb.org/aclwiki/ACL_Fellows. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ↑ "News & Events: Ralph Grishman has been named a Fellow of the Association of Computational Linguistics". Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ↑ Grishman, Ralph (November 6–8, 1995). "The NYU system for MUC-6 or where's the syntax?" (PDF). Sixth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-6). scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ↑ "MUC-6, the sixth in a series of Message Understanding Conferences". Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ↑ Grishman, Ralph; Sundheim, Beth (1996). "Message Understanding Conference-6: A Brief History" (PDF). The 16th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ↑ Sundheim, Beth (1995). "Overview of Results of the MUC-6 Evaluation" (PDF). Sixth Message Understanding Conference (MUC-6). Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ↑ "Linguistic String Project". Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ↑ "Ralph Grishman - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2023-09-11.
- ↑ Ralph Grishman (1986). Computational Linguistics: an Introduction (PDF). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Retrieved 2023-09-11. Search this book on
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